Photo Lecture 7

Lecture 7 Content
Stereo plotters
Photogrammetry . Lecture 7
2009-02-16 Prof. Mohammed T. Obaidat 1
CE 704
Stereo plotters
The principle is that each aerial
photograph is formed by a bundle of light
rays which originate at the terrain surface
and pass through the lens of the aerial
camera to form an image on the film
Therefore, each terrain point in the stereo
model is considered to be the origin of two
rays (one on each photograph)
CE 704
The stereo model is constructed by using
the two photographs in two projectors but
the original separation between exposure
stations (the air base, B) is reduced from
its original value. For example 1000m air
base is reduce to 200mm instrument base
If the original situation are the same then,
the intersections of bundles of rays will
now form a three dimensional model of the
terrain at a scale of b:B (where b is the
instrument base set for the two projectors)
CE 704
At the time of flight (air base B)
B
b
O1 O2
Model
Terrain
CE 704
In order to form the stereo model, it is
necessary to exactly reconstruct the
bundles of rays which formed the original
photographs and to reestablish their
positions relative to the datum of terrain
coordinate system
Stereo plotting instruments enables the
formation of such stereo models
CE 704
Traditional stereo plotter
Instruments of this type is not produced any more

CE 704
The sophisticated construction of the
modern stereoplotters does not make the
principle so obviously visible
The main function of stereoplotters is to

provide accurate formation of a three
dimensional stereo model at a given scale
and to enable the compilation of a map
CE 704
Stereoplotters embodies three main
components:
a) Projection system which creates the model

b) Observation system which makes it possible
for the operator to view the model
c) Measuring and tracking device which enables
scanning and measuring of the stereo model
CE 704
Stereoplotters are classified into two main
categories:
i. Analogue stereoplotters which create a stereo model

by intersection of light rays (projection through
lenses) or by intersection of mechanical rods, and
ii. Analytical plotters which establish the projection
relationship by mathematical formulae and employ the
computer to generate the model.
Analogue instruments are not produced any

more but are still used by some professionals
CE 704
Analogue Stereoplotters
Optical Stereoplotters
Makes use of light and optics to generate the
stereo model
Employ red and green anaglyph filters to obtain
image separation for stereoscopic viewing of
the model with anaglyph spectacles
Plotting is carried out using a single measuring
mark which can be moved around the model
and raised or lowered on a tracing stand
available in the instrument that is used to
measure elevation
CE 704
Zeiss DP1 analogue stereoplotter
CE 704
Mechanical stereoplotters
The lens of the camera is replaced by a universal joint or
cardan
Two rays are represented by metal rods called space rods
Manufacturers are Zeiss, Kern, Galileo, etc.
Negative Mechanical
Plane Photo Plane
B b
Lens Space
Rods
Light
rays
Terrain Model space
CE 704
WILD B8S analogue stereoplotter
CE 704
Analytical plotters
Analytical plotters makes use of computer-
assisted computations
The observation systems are similar to those
employed for mechanical analogue
stereoplotters
Film and paper prints are used as photographic
input materials which are scanned and fed to
the computer model
CE 704
Analytical plotters solve the relationship
between photograph and terrain by applying
mathematical formulae defined by the collinear
and coplanar equations
The computer performs all computations (that
is transforming the photo-coordinates to the
terrain coordinates system etc.) and controls
the operation of the instrument
Analytical plotter is provided with interactive
editing capabilities to enable the comfortable
compilation of maps
CE 704
Additional facilities may include:
The possibility of driving the floating mark to any
specified terrain point
The application of elevation measurements using
image correlators to generate elevation information
Superimposition of all measured lines onto the photo
image viewed by the operator
Digital aerial photographs may be directly displayed
and observed on a graphic screen
CE 704
Traditional photogrammetric softcopy workstation
CE 704
Photogrammetric
softcopy
workstation
(Geomatics
Program, TSU)
CE 704
X parallax : parallax due to the
Y parallax
change in the: parallax along the Y
camera location
axis that exists
between when which
exposures an object is not
cause a
parallel
changetointhe
theflight
in theline
Stereoscopic parallax x direction when
looking at objects on the stereo model
Parallax is the distance between images of
the same object on the two photographs
forming a stereopair
A1 A2
z A2 px
y py
x A1
CE 704
Parallax is the apparent change in position
of an object, in relation to a reference
object, due to a change of observation
Stereoscopic parallax enables perception
of height differences
Parallax disturbs stereoscopic viewing and
must be eliminated as far as possible
before stereoscopic observations starts
CE 704
X-Parallax
The apparent displacement of an object caused by the
shift in the position of observation
B
A
CE 704
X-Parallax
B
A
Change in
Change in position
position of
of rooftop
rooftop
termed stereoscopic
termed stereoscopic parallax
parallax
1. Parallax of a point is directly related to its elevation

2. Parallax is greater for high points than low points
CE 704
The End
CE 704

Photo Lecture 7

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Photo Lecture 7

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Lecture 7 Content

Instruments of this type is not produced any more

The main function of stereoplotters is to

a) Projection system which creates the model

i. Analogue stereoplotters which create a stereo model

Analogue instruments are not produced any

1. Parallax of a point is directly related to its elevation

S-ar putea să vă placă și