DESIGN OF RC RETAINING WALL (BS 8110)

Rehabilitation and Improvement of Orugodawatta-

Project Name: Transmittal ref.:
Ambatale Road
Client.: Road Development Authority Date: 06th September 2017
Komuthi HCM
Engineer: Green Tech - Ocyana Prepared By:
Engineering
Subject: Design of RC retaining wall at 7+050 to 7+100 RHS No. of Pages: 11

Data
Unit weight of Backfilled material - 20 kNm-3
Internal angle of friction, 30
Allowable minimum bearing pressure of the soil as per 58.4 kNm-2
mackingtosh test
Coefficient of friction - 0.4
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 24 kNm-3
Surcharge load - Wsc 10 kNm-2
Minimum design dead load from CMU wall ( 125 pcf 2.68 - 2.87 kNm-2
unit )
Fcu 30 KNm-2
Fy 460 KNm-2
Neglect Coefficient of passive Soil Pressure, Kp

Page 1 of 11
 1 sin
=
1 +
Ka = 0.33

Active pressure (pa) = kah

= 0.33x20x2.5
= 16.67 kNm-2

Surcharge pressure (Psc) = Ka.Wsc

= 0.33x10
= 3.33 kNm-2

SLIDING
Consider the forces acting on a 1 m length of wall. Horizontal force on wall due to backfill, FA, is
FA = 0.5(pa)h + psch
= 0.5x(16.67)x2.5 +3.33x2.5
= 29.17 KN

Weight of wall (Ww) = 0.5x2x24+(0.5x0.2x2x24) = 28.8 KN

Weight of base (Wb) = 0.5x 2.6 x 24 = 31.2 KN
Weight of soil (Ws) = 1.2 x 2 x 20 = 48 KN
Weight of CMU wall (Wcmu) = 1.8 x 2.8 = 5.04 KN
Total vertical force (Wt) = 113.04 KN

Friction force ( Ff)

FF = Wt
= 0.4x113.04 = 45.216 KN
Safety factor against sliding,

45.216 / 29.17 = 1.55 > 1.5 OK

Page 2 of 11
 A

OVERTURNING
Taking moments about point A (see above), sum of overturning moments (Mover) is

Force KN Arm m Moment around point A

0.5(pa)h = 20.8375 KN 0.833 17.36
psch = 8.3325 1.25 10.42
Mover 27.78 kNm

Sum of restoring moments (Mres) is

Force KN Arm m Moment around point A

Ww1 = 24 1.15 27.6
Ww2 = 4.8 0.833 3.999
Wb = 31.2 1.3 40.56
Ws = 48 2 96
Mres 168.159

Factor of safety against overturning is

168.159/27.78 = 6.053 > 2 OK

Page 3 of 11
GROUND BEARING PRESSURE

Moment about center line of base (M) is

12.5 22.5
M = 3 + 2 + WW1 0.15 + Ww2 x 0.4667 WS 0.7
= (20.8375 x 2.5)/3 +(8.3325 x 2.5)/2 +24x0.15+4.8x0.4667-48x0.7
= 0.0204 KNm

Wt = 113.04 KN

0.0204 2.6
= = 0.0001805 < = = 0.433
Wt 113.04 6 6

Therefore, the maximum ground pressure occurs at the toe, Ptoe, which is given by

Ptoe, =
113.04
2.6
6.0204
+ 2.62 = 43.5 2 < (58.4 kNm-2 ) OK

Ground bearing pressure at the heel, Pheel, is

113.04 6.0204
Pheel, = 2.6
2.62 = 43.46 2

Page 4 of 11
BENDING REINFORCEMENT

Wall Height of stem of wall, hs =2m. Horizontal force on stem due to backfill, Fs, is

Fs = 0.5kahs2
= 0.5 x 0.333 x 20 x 22
= 13.33 KNm-1

Design moment at base of wall, M, is

=
3
1.4 13.33 2
= 3

= 12.441 KNm

Effective depth

Assume diameter of main steel () =12 mm. Hence effective depth, d, is

d = 500 cover /2
= 500-50-6
= 444 mm

Ultimate moment of resistance

Mu = 0.156fcubd2
= 0.156 x 30 x 103 x 4442 x 10-6
= 922.6 KNm

Since Mu > M, no compression reinforcement is required.

Steel area

=
2
12.441 106
= 30 103 4442
= 0.002103
z = d[0.5+ ( 0.25-K /0.9)]
= 444[ 0.5+( 0.25-.002103 /0.9)]
= 442.96 mm

As=
0.87

= 12.441 x 106 /( 0.87x460x442.96)

= 70.18 mm2/m
< min

Page 5 of 11
As min = 0.13%bh
= 0.13% x103 x 400 =520 mm2/m

Hence T12 at 200 mm centers (As =560 mm2/m in near face (NF) of wall. Steel is also required in the front face (FF)
of wall in order to prevent excessive cracking. This is based on the minimum steel area too.

Base

Heel

700 1200 48 x 1.4 = 67.2KN

700

A B C D

Toe Heel

P3 P2
P1

P1 = 1.4x 43.5 KNm-2 = 60.9 KNm-2

P2 = 1.4x 43.46 KNm-2 = 60.844 KNm-2

P3 = 60.844 + 1.4x( 60.9-60.844)/2.6 = 60.874 KNm-2

Design moment at point C, Mc, is

(67.2 x 1.2)/2 + (31.2 x 1.4 x 1.2)/(2.6x2) - (60.844x 1.22) /2 ((60.874-60.844) x1.22)/2x3 = 40.32+10.08-43.807-
.0072 KNm = 6.586KNm

Assume diameter of main steel () =12 mm. Hence effective depth, d, is

d = 500 cover /2
= 500-50-6
= 444 mm

=
2

Page 6 of 11
 6.586 106
= 30 103 4442
= 0.00111
z = d[0.5+ ( 0.25-K /0.9)]
= 444[ 0.5+( 0.25-.00111 /0.9)]
= 443.45 mm

As= 0.87

= 6.586 x 106 /( 0.87x460x443.45)

= 37.11 mm2/m < min

As min = 0.13%bh
= 0.13% x103 x 400 =520 mm2/m

Hence T12 at 200 mm centers (As =560 mm2/m) in top face (T) of base.

Toe

Design moment at point B, MB, is given by

MB = (60.9 x 0.72)/2 - (31.2 x 1.4 x 0.7 x 0.7)/(2.6x2) = 10.805 KNm

=
2
10.805 106
= 30 103 4442
= 0.00183
z = d[0.5+ ( 0.25-K /0.9)]
= 444[ 0.5+( 0.25-.00183 /0.9)]
= 443.1 mm

As=
0.87

= 10.805 x 106 /( 0.87x460x443.1)

= 60.93 mm2/m < min

As min = 0.13%bh
= 0.13% x103 x 400 =520 mm2/m

Hence T12 at 200 mm centers (As =560 mm2/m) n bottom face (B) of base and as distribution steel in base and stem
of wall.

Page 7 of 11
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS

The sketch below shows the main reinforcement requirements for the retaining wall. This only for the illustration
purposes. For reasons of buildability the actual reinforcement details may well be slightly different.

Page 8 of 11
 CMU boundary Wall

Stiffener columns (200 x 200) at every 3.2 m intervals.

o 4T12 vertical and stirrups from 8@150
o The starter bars of the columns must embed in the retaining wall and the embedded length shall be
60 ( 60x12 = 720 mm)

Lintels or tie beams ( as per site condition) required.

o 4T10 vertical and stirrups from 6@200

Please refer to the below sketches for typical details

Page 9 of 11
Page 10 of 11
Page 11 of 11