1.

GK Notes: Important Deserts of the world

142 upvotes

55 comments

Deserts cover a good number of questions making it an important topic to cover in teaching
Exams. Around 1-3 questions asks from this topic which surely makes it important for you to
study the topic well for upcoming teaching and Other Competitive Exams. Here is important
deserts & its facts for teaching Exams which you should not ignore.

Important Deserts of the world:

Desert: A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and consequently living
conditions are hostile for plant and animal life in desert their is less precipitation

1. Continent: Antarctica

Desert Name: Antartic

2. Continent: Asia, Europe, North america:

Desert Name: Arctic desert

3. Continent: Asia

Desert Name: Karakorum, Thar desert, Kyzyl Kum, Taklamakan

4. Continent: Africa

Desert Name: Kalahari, Namib, Sahara,

5. Continent: Australia

Desert Name: Gibson, Great Sandy, Great Victoria, Simpson, Tanami

6. Continent: Europe

Desert Name: Arabian, Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut

7. Continent: North America

 Desert Name: Great Basin, Mojave, Sonoran

8. Continent: South America

Desert Name: Atacama, Patagonian

Important Points to remember about Important desert of the world

Desert name: Antartic

the largest desert in the world

largest cold desert in the world

present in the south pole

area: 1,38,29,430 square km

type: polar

Desert name: Arctic desert

second largest desert in the world

area: 1,37,26,937 square km

Type: polar

present in south pole

Desert name: Gobi

present in asia

area: 1,300,000 square km

cold winter desert

Desert name: Sahara

largest hot desert

present in africa

subtropical deseert
 94,00,000 square km

Desert name: Atacama

The Driest Desert on the Earth

area: 1,40,000 square km

present in Chile

Type: Cool Coastal

Desert name: Great Basin

Type: Cold Winter

Present in US

area: 4,92,000 square km

Important question for Teaching Exams

Which is the largest Cold desert of the world: Antarctica desert

Which is the largest cold desert in the world: Antarctica desert

Which is the largest hot desert of the world: Sahara desert

Which is the largest desert of India: Thar desert

Which is the largest driest desert of the world: Atacama desert (present in Chile in south
America)

Which is the second largest desert of the world: Arctic desert

Where is aklamakan desert: china

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Important study notes on Constitution of

India for TET & CTET Exam
496 upvotes
 209 comments

Dear Readers,

In this study notes, we are providing important points from Constitution of India which is very
useful for upcoming teaching exam.

What is Government?

The government is an organization which makes rules and laws for the citizen and the general
people at large. Government performs important functions like maintaining law and order,
protecting boundaries, providing healthcare facilities and performs all the relevant functions for
the benefit of the citizen.

Constitution of India

The idea for a Constituent Assembly for drafting a constitution for India was first provided by
Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1895.

The first meeting of Constituent Assembly was held on December 9, 1946. The first president of
Constituent Assembly was Dr. Sachidanand Sinha.

The elections for the first Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946. Initially, it had 389
members.
The Draft of Indian Constitution was presented in October 1947. President of the Drafting
Committee was Bhim Rao Ambedkar.

The total time consumed to prepare the draft was 2 years, 11 months, 18 days. Total 11
meetings were held for this.

The Indian Constitution was enacted on November 26, 1949, and put into force on January 26,
1950.

The Constitution today has 448 Articles and 12 Schedules. Originally there were 395 Articles
and 8 Schedules.

SOCIALIST, SECULAR, INTEGRITYthese words were added to the Preamble later,

through the 42nd Amendment, 1976.

The Preamble contains aims and objectives of our Constitution.

Fundamental Rights are contained in Part III called Magna Carta of the
Constitution.

The idea was borrowed from the USA. Initially, there were 7 fundamental rights, now there are
only 6. (The Right to Property was deleted by the 44th amendment in 1978. It is now a judicial
rightit has been moved to Article 300(A).)

Fundamental Right of Equality provides for:

Equality in government jobs, No discriminations, No untouchability, Abolition of titles

The Constitution provides that High Courts and the Supreme Court can issue various writs
(written orders) to safeguard freedom of an individual. There are five types of writes:

Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto and Certiorari

Dr. Ambedkar has called this article as soul of the Constitution.

Directive Principles of State Policy Act as guidelines or morals for the government. They are
contained in Part IV of the Constitution. They were borrowed from Ireland.

Fundamental duties are contained in part IV(A). There are ten fundamental duties listed in the
Constitution. This idea was borrowed from Russia.

The Vice President is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. However, he is not a member of any
House.
Rajya Sabha has 250 members238 elected and 12 nominated by the President. Uttar Pradesh
elected the maximum number of members for the Rajya Sabha (31), followed by Bihar (16) and
Maharashtra (19).

Lok Sabha has 545 members543 elected and 2 nominated from the Anglo-Indian
Community.

The maximum number of members of Lok Sabha are elected from Uttar Pradesh (80 members),
followed by Bihar (40) and Maharashtra (48).

The minimum age for becoming the member of Lok Sabha is 25 years and Rajya Sabha is 30
years.

Minimum age to be eligible for the post of the President is 35 years.

The first High Courts in India were established at Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras, in 1862.
Allahabad and Delhi were established next in 1866.

Maximum age to remain a High Court judge is 62 years and maximum age to remain a Supreme
Court judge is 65 years. There are at present 24 High Courts in India.

The Constitution initially recognized 22 National Languages. Later, four more were added.
These were: Sindhi (21st amendment), Nepali, Konkani, and Manipuri (71st amendment).

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Rinkal KaurAug 20

Sir ji aap math k questions q nhi send krte??? U. P Tet k exam ane vale h

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Puja KumariAug 21

Very very helpful sir

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Nishtha TiwariAug 22

Thx sir

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Parul SharmaAug 22

Good and helpful material

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Poonam TyagiAug 25

Thanks sir

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Kesar GandharAug 26

Gud notes

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RahulyadavAug 27

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Devesh KumarAug 27

Thx sir

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Kazi Saddam HossainSep 3

I hv a doubt sir regarding lok sabha member..

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Valuable information

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Study notes on Social Studies Pedagogy for

CTET & TET Exam
197 upvotes

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Social Studies Pedagogy is the very important topic for CTET & TET exam because in this
section approximate 18 to 20 question will be asked. This post will be very helpful for the quick
revision of the facts and terms.

Classroom Processes and Learning Activities of Social Studies:-

Maxims of teaching-Every teacher want the maximum participation of every child in his/her
classroom. For this, he tries to make his teaching techniques more effective.

Tactics of teaching Social Studies:-

1. From Simple to Complex.

2. From Known examples to Unknown examples.

3. From Concrete to Abstract i.e. from solid thing to abstract or visualization.

4. Particular to General or explaining with examples.

BLOOMS TAXONOMY:-

Benjamin Bloom, in 1956, with his colleagues, published a framework known as Blooms
Taxonomy, which consisted of six categories: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application,
Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation. It is to be noted that there are different levels of learning.
And a teacher should focus on all levels rather than only one.

1. Knowledge (reconciling previously learned the material).

2. Comprehension (understanding the meaning of the material).

3. Application(using information in concrete situations)

4. Analysis(breaking material into portions)

5. Synthesis(putting all parts as one)

6. Evaluation (identifying and judging the value of a product).

Evaluation: Types and Characteristics of a Good Evaluation Process

Evaluation is just another word for assessment. It is a series of activities designed to measure the
effectiveness of the teaching-learning system as a whole.

Types of Evaluation:

1. Formative:

Help students to identify their strengths and weaknesses.

Help faculties to solve problems.

2. Summative: it is done at the end to evaluate students learning. For e.g. a final project, exam
etc.

3. Continuous and Comprehensive: It is newly introduced by CBSE, for students of sixth to

tenth grades. The main aim of CCE is to evaluate every aspect of a child and to low down his
pressure level before or during various exams. It mainly claims to bring enormous changes from
old methods to new methods of teaching, provided implemented accurately.

Characteristics of a Good Evaluation Process:

1. Validity- which actually measures the behavior.

2. Practical approach- it should be realistic in terms of cost and time consumption.

3. Reliability- it should test one thing at one time to give reproducible scores.

4. Fairness- it must be fair to all students equally.

5. Usefulness- it should fulfill all the needful requirements of students for their improvements.

6. Interpretation of Results- the quality of the test material should be as important a factor in
the choice of a test as the quality of the test itself.

Enquiry/Empirical Evidence:
Inquiry-based learning mainly involves the learner and leading or guiding him towards
understanding. The important process is mainly of gathering data and applying them through our
senses.

What is Enquiry Based Teaching?

It is a kind of teaching method that combines the curiosity of students and the scientific method
to develop critical thinking skills. As learners face any problem which they dont understand,
they formulate questions, explore their problems, observe and then apply new information to
seek a better understanding of the concept and the world. Hence, while learning through Inquiry
Method, students:

Make Queries

Investigate

Employ evidence to knowledge

Share Findings. Sources- Primary and Secondary

1. Primary Sources- A primary source could be termed as an original source which is first
accounted.It contains newly formed information when it is created, that has not yet been
interpreted, paraphrased or evaluated.

2. Secondary Sources- They are basically second hand sources which have been rephrased,
produces and evaluated before. They are mostly written once an incident has taken place.

Hence, to make ones teaching more interesting, a teacher has to make her classroom processes
and activities interesting enough so as to grab the attention of her students and make them
understandable.

Gradeup has launched a Online Mock test package of 10 full-length online tests for the final leg of your
CTET Paper I & II Exam Preparation. Where the first test is completely free and entire package can be
purchased for only Rs. 195/-.

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#digitalTiranga |

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thanku so much sir

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Kisi ko pta h ctet ka form kab tak aayega

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Thanku ashish sir

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Sir, net ( economics) ke liye bhi matter provide kariye.plz

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Neha NAug 13

@Ashish sir is it mandatory to choose social science for commerce background aspirants for ctet
paper2 ????
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Sir uptet exam ke form kb aayenge and exam kitne month ya din bad hota h

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Ashish sir
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CTET
study
Notes:
Concep
t&
Teachi
ng of
social
studies
218
upvotes

81
comment
s

Dear Readers,

Social studies
and pedagogy
are very
important for
CTET & TET
Exam. In this
study notes, we
are discussing
providing
nature &
concept of
social studies
and also discuss
national
curriculum
framework.

CONCEP
T AND
NATURE
OF
SOCIAL
STUDIES
Introduction:
Education is a
lifelong process
and school
imparts
knowledge of
various
subjects.
Subjects like
arts, language,
mathematics
etc. deal with
human values
and experiences
but it's a special
function of
Social Studies
to study people
as its subject-
matter.

Thus, we may
define the
concept of
Social studies
as-

It is the
study of
the
people
and their
environm
ent.

It studies
that how
 people
all over
the world
live
economi
cally and
politically
independ
ent.

It
enhances
the
understa
nding of
ones
past to
interpret
the
current
trends in
order to
develop
skills so
as to
survive in
a society.
DIFFERENCE
S BETWEEN
SOCIAL
SCIENCE
AND SOCIAL
STUDIES

Social studies
are basically
concerned with
men and his
social
environment
while social
science deals
with socio-
cultural aspects
of human
behaviour. They
could be
differentiated
further as-

1. The
approach
 es of
both are
different.
Social
science
represen
ts an
adult
approach
and
taught at
high
levels
while
Social
Studies
represen
t a child
approach
and is
basically
simplifie
d
portions
of social
science.

2. Social
science
gives
large
knowled
ge of
human
affairs
while
social
studies
give us
insight
into
various
aspects
of man
and
society.
 3. The main
purpose
of social
science is
to
discover
new
truths
about
human
relations
hips
whereas
social
studies
provides
a
guidance
to
adolesce
nts in
their
selected
learning
portions.

4. In social
science,
social
utility is
the
primary
object
and in
social
studies,
more
emphasis
is given
to
instructio
nal
utility.

Contribution
Of Social
Studies-:

It
establish
es the
relations
hip of
humans
with
their
geograph
ical and
social
environm
ent.

Its main
focus of
the study
is human
behaviou
r.

It
promotes
modern
view of
social
study
and
educatio
n.

It lays
emphasis
on
adopting
new
techniqu
es of
social
behaviou
r.

NATION
 AL
CURRIC
ULUM
FRAME
WORK
(NCF)-
2005
It was proposed
by NCERT in
India. It
provides the
framework for
preparing
syllabi, teaching
practices, and
textbooks
within the
school
programmes in
India. NCF
2005 has
influenced the
syllabi in total
17 states and
also been
translated into
22 languages.

It's
Implications
For
Curriculum
And Practice-

1. Teaching
for a
construc
tion of
knowled
ge.
 2. The value
of
Interactio
ns.

3. Designin
g new
learning
experien
ces so
that it
goes
beyond
textbook
s.

4. Approach
es to
planning
in order
to make
exams
more
flexible.

5. Critical
Pedagogy
of
nurturing
an
identity
within
democra
tic polity
of the
country.

NCF
Curriculu
m Areas-:
Traditional:-
 Mathem
atics

Language

Science

Social
Science

Other Areas:-

Health
and
Physical
Educatio
n

Educatio
n for
Peace

Art
Educatio
n

Work
Level

Methodol
ogy And
Approach
es to
Teaching
Of Social
Studies-:
Its teaching
methods
according to the
role of a
Learner and
Teacher are-:

A. Learner
Directed:-

1. Individua
lised
Instructio
n-:

Play way
method

Project
work

Excursion
/Field
work

Observati
on
method.

B. Group-
Directed:-

Debate

Discussio
n

Brainstor
ming

C. Teacher-
Directed:-
 Guest
Lectures

Story-
Telling
method

Lecture
method

Demonst
rative
method.

These are some

of the main
methods of
teaching social
studies. Apart
from these,
Class-room
processes,
activities and
discourse
methods are
other forms of
it. Moreover, a
teachers
approach
towards
teaching social
studies should
be very
versatile.
He/She should
try to
implement new
forms of
methods and
techniques in
the classroom
or else it would
lead to the
disinterest of
students.
Thanks

Gradeup Team

218
upvotes

81
comment
s

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ExamsCTETSocial
Science

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16Teaching
Exams

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Amit SahuJul
20

@sumit sahu

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Nitu KumariJul
20

Sir leaderboard
me ek bhi set
nahi a raha hai

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MahiJul 23

csdbexam.com
ki koi exam
recruitment
nikli he ky koi
ya ye link farji
he

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Ctet ka online
app form vanre
ka date kab
hoga

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SaijuddinAug
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Nice

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Pooja23
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Sir plz provide

notes on
English
pedagogy

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Kavita
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Thanks sir
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Yogeshwari
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ug 17

Ashish sir
thank u for
notes.sir ctet ka
form kab nikal
laga please
bhathana sir

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Tx sir

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Year Papers.
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