Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 1
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 2
biologically inspired
continuous, nonlinear
fault tolerant
graceful degradation
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 3
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 4
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 5
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 6
Serial Symbolic AI
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 7
from 1969 to 1985 there was very little work in neural networks or
machine learning.
a few exceptions, e.g. Stephen Grossberg, Teuvo Kohonen (SOM),
Paul Werbos.
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 8
Knowledge-Based Systems
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 9
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 10
Neuroanatomy
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 11
Brain Regions
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 12
Cerebral Cortex
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 13
Cerebral Cortex
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 14
Brain Stem
general term for area of brain between the thalamus and spinal cord
Cerebellum
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 15
Midbrain
Thalamus
also relays information from the cerebral cortex to other areas of the
brain, and the spinal cord
functions: sensory integration, motor integration
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 16
Hypothalamus
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 17
Limbic System
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 18
Limbic System
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 19
Brain Functions
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 20
The human brain has about 100 billion neurons, and a similar number
of support cells called glia.
Neurons are similar to other cells in the body in some ways, such as:
neurons are surrounded by a cell membrane
neurons have a nucleus that contains genes (DNA)
neurons carry out basic cellular processes like protein synthesis
and energy production
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 21
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 22
The axon of one neuron can connect to the dendrite of another neuron
through an electrochemical junction called a synapse.
Most neurons have only one axon, but the number of dendrites can
vary widely:
Unipolar and Bipolar neurons have only one dendrite
Purkinje neurons can have up to 100,000 dendrites
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 23
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 24
Axons can vary in length from less than a millimetre to more than a
metre (motor neurons)
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 25
Synapse
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 26
transmitter then diffuses through the synaptic cleft to the other side
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 27
Ion Channel
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 28
human brain has 100 billion neurons with an average of 10, 000
synapses each
latency is about 3-6 milliseconds
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 29
COMP9444 c
Alan Blair, 2017
COMP9444 17s2 Neuroanatomy 30
Spiking Neurons