Transformer sheet

1 A single-phase 100 kVA, 1000/ 100 V transformer gave the following test results:
open-circuit test 100 V, 6.0 A, 400 W short-circuit test 50 V, 100 A, 1800 W
(a) Determine the rated voltage and rated current for the HV and LV sides.
(b) Derive an approximate equivalent circuit referred to the HV side.
(c) Determine the voltage regulation at full load, 0.6 PF leading.
(d) Draw the phasor diagram for condition (c).

2 A 1 single-phase, 25 kVA, 220/440 V, 60 Hz transformer gave the following test results.

Open circuit test : 220 V, 9.5 A, 650 W Short-circuit test : 37.5 V, 55 A, 950 W
(a) Derive the approximate equivalent circuit in per-unit values.
(b) Determine the voltage regulation at full load, 0.8 PF lagging.
(c) Draw the phasor diagram for condition (b).

3 A single-phase 10 kVA, 2400/ 120 V, 60 Hz transformer has the following equivalent circuit
parameters: Zeqp = 2 + j5 , Rcp = 6.4 k and Xmp = 2.6 k Standard no-load and short-circuit
tests are performed on this transformer. Determine the following:
No-load test results: Voc , I oc , Poc Short-circuit test results: Vsc , I sc , Psc

4- A single-phase, 250 kVA, 11 kV/2.2 kV, 60 Hz transformer has the following parameters.
RHV= 1.3 XHV=4.5, RLV = 0.05 , XLV = 0.16, Rcs= 2.4 k Xms = 0.8 k.
Standard no-load and short-circuit tests are performed on high voltage of this transformer.
Determine the following:
No-load test results: Voc , I oc , Poc Short-circuit test results: Vsc , I sc , Psc
(b) The HV winding of the transformer is connected to the 11 kV supply and a load,
Z L = 15 90 o is connected to the low voltage winding. Determine:

(i) Load voltage. (ii) Voltage regulation.

5 A 1 , 10 kVA, 460/ 120 V, 60 Hz transformer has an efficiency of 96% when

it delivers 9 kW at 0.9 power factor. This transformer is connected as an
autotransformer to supply load to a 460 V circuit from a 580 V source.
(a) Show the autotransformer connection.
(b) Determine the maximum kVA the autotransformer can supply to the 460 V circuit.
(c) Determine the efficiency of the autotransformer for full load at 0.9 power factor.
6 Reconnect the windings of a 1 , 3 kVA, 240/120 V, 60 Hz transformer so that it can supply
a load at 330 V from a 110 V supply. (a) Show the connection.
(b) Determine the maximum kVA the reconnected transformer can deliver.

7 Three single-phase, 10 kVA, 460/120 V, 60 Hz transformers are connected to form a 3

460/208 V transformer bank. The equivalent impedance of each transformer referred to the
high-voltage side is 1.0 + j2.0 . The transformer delivers 20 kW at 0.8 power factor (leading).
(a) Draw a schematic diagram showing the transformer connection. (b) Determine the transformer
winding current. (c) Determine the primary voltage. (d) Determine the voltage regulation.

8 A 1 200 kVA, 2100/210 V, 60 Hz transformer has the following characteristics. The

impedance of the high-voltage winding is 0.25 + j 1.5 with the lowvoltage winding
short-circuited. The admittance (i.e., inverse of impedance) of the low-voltage winding is 0.025 - j
O.075 mhos with the high-voltage winding open-circuited.
(a) Taking the transformer rating as base, determine the base values of power, voltage, current,
and impedance for both the high-voltage and low-voltage sides of the transformer.
(b) Determine the per-unit value of the equivalent resistance and leakage reactance of the
transformer. (c) Determine the per-unit value of the excitation current at rated voltage.
(d) Determine the per-unit value of the total power loss in the transformer at full-load output
condition.

9- A 460 kVA, (4600/460) V, 60 Hz single phase transformer has the following parameters:
RP = 2.6 , RS = 0.024 52, Re+h = 4 k, XS = 0.06 , XP = 6.0, Xm = 2.4 k. The HV winding
of this transformer is connected to a 4.6 kV, 60 Hz supply while the LV winding is connected to a load of a
resistance of 6.0 , an inductor of 14.0 mH and a capacitor of 502 uF all connected in shunt. Calculate the
voltage regulation, efficiency, input current and supply power factor.

10- A single-phase, 10 kVA, 2000/200 V, 60 Hz distribution transformer has the following

characteristics:
Core loss at full voltage =120 W
Copper loss at half load =80 W
i. Determine the efficiency of the transformer when it delivers full load at 0.8 power factor
lagging.
ii. Determine the rating at which the transformer efficiency is a maximum. Determine the
efficiency if the load power factor is 0.9
iii. Determine the rating of transformer at 92% efficiency and 0.8 power factor.
iv. The transformer has the following load cycle:
No load for 6 hours
66% full load for 10 hours at 0.8 PF
85% full load for 8 hours at 0.9 PF
Determine the all day efficiency of the transformer
 11- A 6kVA, 250/500 V, transformer gave the following test results
short-circuite 20 V ; 12 A, 100 W and Open-circuit test : 250 V, 1 A, 80 W
i. Determine the transformer equivalent circuit.
ii. calculate applied voltage, voltage regulation and efficiency when the output is 10 A at 500
volt and 0.8 power factor lagging.
iii. Maximum efficiency, at what percent of full load does this maximum efficiency occur? (At
0.8 power factor lagging).
iv. At what percent of full load does the effeciency is 95% at 0.8 power factor lagging.

12- A single phase, 50 kVA, 2400/460 V, 50 Hz two-winding transformer has an efficiency of 0.95%
when it delivers 45kW at 0.9 power factor. This transformer is connected as an auto-transformer to supply
load to a 2400 V circuit from 2860 V source.
(a) Show the transformer connection.
(b) Determine the maximum kVA that autotransformer can supply to 2400 V circuit.
(c) Determine the efficiency of the autotransformer for full load at 0.9 power factor.

13- Three single phase, 30 kVA, 2400/240 V, 50 Hz transformers are connected to form 3 , 4160/240 V
transformer bank. The equivalent impedance of each transformer referred to the high voltage side is 1.5+j2.
The transformer delivers 60 kW at 0.75 power factor (leading). (a) Draw schematic diagram showing the
transformer connection. (b) Determine the transformer winding current (c) Determine the primary voltage.
(d) Determine the voltage regulation. (e) determine the maximum efficiency if the maximum effeciency
occurred at 90% of full load at 0.9 power factor.

14- Three single-phase, 50 kVA, 2300/230 V, 60 Hz transformers are connected to form a three-phase,
4000/230 V transformer bank. The equivalent impedance of each transformer referred to low voltage is
0.012 + j0.016 . The three-phase transformer supplies a three-phase 120 kVA, 230 V, 0.85 PF (lag) load.
(a) Draw a schematic diagram showing the transformer connection.
(b) Determine the transformer winding currents.
(c) Determine the primary voltage (line-to-line) required.
(d) Determine the voltage regulation.