Communication Systems :Lecture Summary(4-8)

Akhil Krishna .R|EE15B005

Nithin.G.K|EE15B047

Shyam Shankar H.R|EE15B127

August 15, 2017

Fourier Series:- Any periodic signal u(t) with period T0 can be expressed as a linear combination of
complex exponentials, under certain conditions, called Dirichlet conditions. These conditions are:
1. The signal should have absolute convergence over a period
2. There should only be nite number of dicountinuities, maxima or minima in one peroid.

Fourier Transform:- Fourier series can be dened only if the signal is periodic. For a non-periodic
signal, having nite energy, the Fourier Transform is U (f ) =

u(t)ej2f t dt.

Properties of Fourier Transform:-

1. Linearity: If u(t) and v(t) has U(f) and V(f) as its fourier transforms, then the fourier transform
of u(t) + v(t) is U(f)+ V(f).
2. Duality: If the Fourier transform of u(t) is U(f), then the Fourier Transform of U(t) is u(-f).
3. Time shift: If the signal is shifted by t0 right, the fourier transform gets multiplied by ej2kf t0 i.e,
phase gets an additional 2f t0 term.
4. Frequency shift: A complex exponential multiplied in the time domain gives a shift in the frequency
domain.

Transfer function of an LTI system :- For an LTI system, with the knowledge of the impulse
response (the output given when a unit impulse is given as the input) the output of any arbitrary input
could be found out. The frequency domain form ofthe impulse response is called the transfer function.
The output, in its frequency domain form is obatined by multiplying the transfer function with the
Fourier transform of the input.

LTI system model for wireless communication :- For wireless communication, there is a trans-
mitter, a receiver and a channel. The transmitted input signal reaches the receiver through multiple
paths.The time taken in each path is dierent since the velocity of the signal is constant in a medium.
Its amplitude has variable attenuation in each path.If our signal is sent at a particular frequency of
interest, its amplitude remains almost constant at the receiver end, within its bandwidth, if the band-
width, B << delayspread
1
, where delay spread is the reciprocal of the maximum dierence in delay when
all the paths are considered, and the fastest uctuations happen here. The transfer function H(f) can
be modelled as a constant around our frequency of interest if the given condition is satised.