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The values of kmax, kmin and 6 are determined using Eqs. 1636 through
16-38. If the value of Jkxxkyy k\y calculated from the pressure match is not
the same for different tests, then heterogeneous analysis technique should be used.
Figure 16-21. Most common models and criteria for their validity.
16,14 Summary
This chapter discusses variations of heterogeneities in rock and fluid
properties including causes and effects of pressure-dependent properties. It
also presents how to analyze and interpret pressure behavior in hetero-
geneous reservoirs near fault or other barriers and lateral changes in the
hydraulic diffusivity such as occur at fluid contacts. Ref. 20 has presented a
method for analyzing pressure build ups in fissured limestone reservoirs,
which has proved to be quite useful. Pressure behavior analysis methods are
discussed in brief to obtain adequate reservoir descriptions for isotropic,
anisotropic, and heterogeneous systems including calculating fracture orien-
tation and estimating two-dimensional permeability with vertical interfer-
ence testing. Pressure transient tests can be used to obtain an adequate
reservoir description for isotropic, anisotropic, and heterogeneous reservoir
systems. Numerical solutions must be used to analyze pressure transient test
data from heterogeneous reservoir systems. If a criterion for validity of
model is not met, go to next stem. Figure 16-21 shows validity of proposed
analysis models.
Table A-I
Permeability Conversions
Table A - 2
Temperature Conversions
F C R K
Table A-4
Density Conversion Multiplication Factors
gm/cm3 lb/ft3 kg/1 kg/m3
Table A-5
Rate of Flow Conversion Multiplication Factors
Table A - 6
Mass Conversion Multiplication Factors
Table A - 8
Viscosity (Absolute) Conversion Multiplication Factors
Pascal second
cP poise g/(cms) lb(fts) (Pas)
Table A - 9
Kinematic Viscosity: Absolute Viscosity in Mass Units Divided
by Mass Density Conversion Factors
Table A - 1 0
Land Measurement Conversion Multiplication Factors
Centimeter Kilometer
Inches (in) Feet (ft) Yards (yd) Miles (mi) (cm) Meter (m) (km)
Inches (in) 1.0 8.333333 x 10~2 2.777778 x IO'2 1.578282 x 10-5 2.540 2.540 x 10-2 2.540 x Kr5
Feet (ft) 12.0 1.0 3.333333 x IO"1 1.893939 x IO-4 30.480 3.048 x 10-1 3.048 x 10~4
Yards (yd) 36.0 3.0 1.0 5.681818 x 10~4 91.44 9.144 x 10-1 9.144 x 10~4
Miles (mi) 6.336003 x 104 5.280 x 103 1.760 x 103 1.0 1.609344 x 105 1.609344 x 103 2.609344
Centimeter (cm) 3.937008 x 10-1 3.28084 x 10~2 1.093613 x 10~2 6.213712 x 10~6 1.0 1.000 x 10-2 1.000 x 10~5
Meter (m) 39.37008 3.28084 1.093613 6.213712 x 10~4 100.0 1.0 1.000 x 10~3
Kilometer (km) 39.37008 x 103 3.28084 x 103 1.093613 x 103 6.213712 x 10-1 1.000 x 105 1.000 x 103 1.0
Table A-12
Area Conversion Multiplication Factors
Square inches (in2) 1.0 6.944444 x 10~3 2.490977 x IO"10 6.451600 6.451600 x 10~4 6.451600 x 10-10
Square feet (ft2) 1.44Ox 102 1.0 3.587007 x 10"8
9.290304 x 102
9.290304 x 10~2 9.290304 x 10~8
Square miles (mi2) 4.014489 x 109 2.787840 x 107 1.0 2.589988 x 1010 2.589988 x 106 2.589988
Square centimeters (cm2) 1.55Ox IO"1 1.076391 x 10~3 3.861022 x 10"11 1.0 1.000 x 10~4 1.000 x 10-10
Square meters (m2) 1.55Ox IO 3 10.763910 3.861022 x 10~7
1.000 x 104
1.0 1.000 x 10~6
Square kilometers (km2) 1.55Ox IO9 1.076391 x 107 3.861022 x 10"1 1.000 x 10
10
1.000 x 106 1.0
1 Acre = 43,560ft 2 , 1 darcy = 100OmD, lmD = 9.86x 10-16m2 = 9.86 x IQ- 12 Cm 2 = 1.127 x 10~3 (B/D)cP/ft2(psi/ft).