PILIPINAS

December 10, 2016

ISSUE 1 P 50

KASPIL 2- EC; BACIERTO, ESPIRITU, MABBORANG, ONG, RIEGO TIONGCO,YANG

RETROSPECT: WHAT MAKES A PRESIDENT?

EFFECT OF CHARACTERISTICS OF
COLONIALISM THE PHILIPPINE
TO PRESIDENT
PHILIPPINES

NATIONALISM:
A STUDENTS VIEW ON NATIONALISM

LOOKING BACK

A SECOND LOOK ON
PRE-COLONIAL
FILIPINOS
CONTENTS

03 LUZON JARS
The mirror of the rich Filipino
Culture

04 ON-POINT: NATIONALISM
A students view on nationalism

06
WHAT MAKES A
PRESIDENT?
Characteristics of a Philippine
President

07 EDITORIAL
Why study history and Reflection
on Juramentados

PERVE SI OBJECTIONI

08
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
COLONIAL PERIODS
Evaluation of the effect of
colonialism in the Philippines

10
A SECOND LOOK ON
PRE-COLONIAL FILIPINOS
Evaluation of the state of the
Filipinos before colonial period
 LUZON JARS: MIRROR OF
THE RICHNESS OF THE
FILIPINO CULTURE
These jars were highly prized for the Japanese because these jars were good for keeping and preserving
a root of a certain plant called cha (tea), which the kings and rulers of Japan drink as a refreshment and
medicine.

The Luzon Jars were made in the northern our Filipino ancestors were in craftsmanship
part of the Philippines known as Luzon. The Luzon especially in pottery even before the colonial era.
jars are also known as Ruson no tsubo (Ocampo,
2012). The Luzon jars were marked as Rusun-tsukuru References:
which means made in Luzon. Also, these jars from
Manansala, P. K. (1970). Luzon Jars (Glossary). Retrieved from
the Philippines were made with Namban clay
http://sambali.blogspot.com/2006/09/luzon-jars-glossary.html
(Manansala, 1970).
Mendoza, H. (n.d.). Philippines. Retrieved from http://
According to the Antonio de Morgas
www.hadrianmendozapottery.com/philippines/
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1609), the natives of
the island of Luzon have jars which were brown in Morga, A. D. (1609). Sucesos de la Islas Filipinas. Mexico.
color that has certain marks and stamps and were
made in different sizes. These jars were highly prized Ocampo, A. R. (2012, September 6). The mysterious Luzon jars.
for the Japanese because these jars were good for Retrieved from http://opinion.inquirer.net/36186/the-
keeping and preserving a root of a certain plant mysterious-luzon-jars
called cha (tea), which the kings and rulers of Japan
drink as a refreshment and medicine. It was also
noted that these jars are regarded as the most
precious jewels in the chambers and inner rooms of
the Japanese people. The Luzon jars were believed to
be more valuable than gold because of the its
capability as a tea canister and as an enhancer in the
fermentation process (Mendoza, n.d). Furthermore,
these jars are expensive for it was said that some jars
are sold for two thousand taels (Morga, 1609).
Japanese texts cited that there were trading
expeditions way before the Spanish period to the
island of Rusun (Luzon) because of the Rusun jars
that are highly prized by the Japanese during the 16th
century (Mendoza, n.d).

Our Filipino ancestors skill in pottery must

be one of the best in region for it produces jars that
were renowned for its value. This shows how great

3
 ON-POINT:
NATIONALISM
BY: MARTIN BACIERTO

It cannot be denied that the concept nationalism has been

rooted in our history. According Carlos M. Recto Jr. :
Nationalism is nourished by a sense of history. It is of its
essence to know profoundly the past, so that we may be in
complete openness with the men who made that history....
From this statement, we can infer that nationalism binds us to
our fellow Filipinos living then, and now, to be in communion with
them, in realizing a common vision for our nation. There were
indeed times where strong feelings of nationalism flourished
among our countrymen especially in circumstances where
Filipinos were forced to act whenever their voices were
suppressed and yet there were times as if nationalism was just
put inside the closet, waiting for the right moment to put it out
again.
Throughout the course of our history, we see how
courageous people in the past, defended and promoted the Nationalism is nourished by a sense of
national interests during times of great national unrest. It is history. It is of its essence to know
these men and women, whom we call heroes, do we owe the profoundly the past, so that we may be in
seeds of nationalism, which we often take for granted nowadays. complete openness with the men who
One of the precursors of the nationalistic ideas for the Filipinos made that history...
in none other than Jose Rizal. Like any other hero in the At ito ba'y magiging sagwil upang siya'y pag-ukulan natin ng
Philippine history, he has a unique role in liberating his fellow panahon?...Nagbibigay ba ang dantaong ika-labinsiyam ng
Filipinos when time demanded it. Almario (2012), asserts that it Apprehendo
karapatang huwag kumilala ng utang na loob? Hindi. He
is really Jose Rizal who consciously planted the seeds of also emphasized in the said essay, the importance of
nationalism for the Filipinos through his life and writings. In fact, expressing ones sense of nationalism no matter where he is.
based from our discussion of the life, works and writings of Jose Similarly,
ALIAM as aIMA
learned
PLAelite during his time, he reiterated in
Rizal, it is very evident that he planted these seeds through this HAC AUT
essay the PORROof pursuing the path of learning in
importance
advocating reforms while cautioning against revolution. These order to be of better TO
FINGI OPERA. service of the country, because for him,
CONCIPIO
two ideas are represented in the Noli Me Tangere and in El true PERSUASI
liberalization would only happen if his own people would
Filibusterismo, respectively. Again, in his other essays, such as change their ways- from indifference to love of country and
IMPONERE
his first essay written in Barcelona, entitled Pag-ibig sa from ignorance toAC
PERFECTA enlightenment.
LECTORUM IN CO.
tinubuang lupa, he expressed his sentiments in the evident loss In my opinion, Jose Rizals ideas on nationalism has
CONSTARE
of sense of nationalism and patriotism among his countrymen beenEFFICIAT.
the foundation of all actions done by the heroes that
during that time which is expressed in the following statement: have gone after him- from Andres Bonifacio, down to Ninoy

4
 student, it is expected that we pursue
excellence in our studies and not
settle for mediocre work. As a voting
citizen, it is expected to learn the
platforms of the candidates, their
lifestyle and their track record, in
order to make an educated vote and
not let the vote be wasted in
exchange for money. As a
government official, it is expected
that they should be transparent to
their constituents and think of ways
on how to uplift the lives of every
Filipino, especially those who are in
the periphery or the marginalized
sector of the society- now, imagine
what the society can be if each
Filipino would be faithful to their
duties as citizens of the country and
if each of our deeds would be
founded on our love of country? May
the apathy, selfishness and
indifference in our country cease and
may we truly be citizens of this
country, always offering the fruits of

Aquino, it can be seen how people, then and now, have responded to the call of the times- the our labors to our motherland.
call for people to selflessly give themselves for the love of their country and for the interest of
their countrymen. However, some people may try to compare heroes as if they are comparing an References:
apple to apple. For instance, people may argue Rizal used a more effective way in fighting for Almario, M. (2012, December 31).
freedom compared to Bonifacios and Aguinaldos. However, according to Zaide & Zaide (2014), Rizal planted seed of revolution;
Bonifacio watered it. Retrieved
comparing heroes would only be similar to comparing apples to oranges. From this statement, it
August 2016, from Inquirer.net:
can be seen that heroes should not be compared based on their success in fighting for liberty,
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/332557/
but rather, what is important is the cause that drove them to pursue those actions, no matter rizal- planted-seed-of-revolution-
how difficult it would be- and that is, their love for country. bonifacio-watered-it
Sometimes, it may be hard as a simple student to think of ways of how we can express our
Zaide, G., & Zaide, S. (2014). Jose
nationalism in this modern times. Do people have to give up their lives for their country just to
Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a
express ones patriotism and nationalism? Definitely not. If we look deeply in Jose Rizals writings, Genius, Writer, Scientist and National
we can see how everyone is called to love his country, regardless of his social status and his role Hero. Quezon City: All- Nations
in the society. Be it a student, or the president of the country, each of us are called to devote our Publishing Co., Inc.
efforts and works for the betterment of the countrymen and not for our own personal gain- as a
WHAT MAKES A PRESIDENT?

CHARACTERISTICS
OF A PHILIPPINE
PRESIDENT
BY DENNIS ESPIRITU

What are the characteristics that a Philippine President should have? because it allowed the American military to have their leased
bases in the Philippines till year 2045. Roxas had a hard time
The Philippines president should have Respect, so he may managing people who did not agree with his policies. People
be a role model toward his people. Humility, so he may attempted to murder him, but fortunately for him, he was able to
acknowledge his weaknesses and let the other branches of the escape death.
government do their tasks. Cohesiveness, so he may promote
unity among his people. Independence, so he may symbolize Aquino
strength through not being controlled or manipulated by power
hungry people. Courage, so he may have the courage to make Corazon Aquino became the president of the country because
decisions he thinks is right. Wisdom, so he may know the right the people believed she was the positive change they needed
decision. Action, so his promises are kept through actions. especially since her husband, Ninoy, who was supposed to be the
Proactive, so he may possess the intuit and initiative to create change for the country, passed away in a gunshot. During her
solutions for future problems. Passion, so he may have the right administration, Cory was plagued by coup detats by various
goals in mind. Love, so he may practice all the qualities a groups that foreign investors started to pull their investments
president should have because of his love for his people. from the country. Thats why a lot of her efforts were pointed
towards disaster management from the various groups and
An evaluation.. sometimes, her motherly methods such as giving cake worked.
She was also linked to controversies such as massacring farmers
Roxas in Mendiola and holding the land she inherited rather than having
it distributed. Despite these problems, The economy still had a
When Manuel Roxas started his term as the first president of positive growth during her term with an average of 3.8% by the
the third republic, he was left with the post-war state of end of it. Cory, although wasnt the best qualified president, still
Philippines. decreased Production, diminished education, did a pretty good job. Compared to Marcos or Ramos though, it
increased unemployment rate, interference from America still fell short of what truly makes a spectacular leader which is
heightened, and the HUKBALAHAP movement intensified. Since why shes rated as average.
this was the state of the country, his inauguration speech
centralized on the rehabilitation of the country. In exchange for
800 million dollars of rehabilitation money, the Bell Trade Act or
the Philippine Trade Act was signed. Along with that policy, others
like the General Amnesty and Military Bases Agreement was
implemented. Most policies were manipulated by American
government officials who made the policies more beneficial to
the American citizens. Issues like the Bell Trade Act were highly
criticized by people because it allowed Americans to exploit the
Philippines natural resources. The countrymen felt bought
because that right should have been exclusive to Filipino citizens.
The Military Bases Agreement further angered the people
 By: Daphne Yang
We cannot deny the fact that the globalization in todays
world has greatly affected ones identity. With the
Why study history?
constant interaction with social media, easy access of
worldwide information due to the presence of past will give us an understanding of how the world came
technology, everything became interconnected and about which would be able to teach us lessons on the
linked creating a very diverse universe. With that, cultural negative effect and consequences of certain actions be it
identity of ones country may somehow be lost and be political decisions, social judgements and the like. By being
changed in this developing world. Many Filipinos have able to learn the different causes and effects of the events
abandoned their mother language to speak English or in history, it will help us deal with conflict a lot easier.
another language of the dominant culture. Many are too Furthermore, history will help us see the societal patterns
pessimistic to think that if this trend keeps going on, the that exist that will be the basis for our learning. So that, the
global diversity of cultural identities will be lost forever. wrong actions done in the past may not be repeated in
As such in order to preserve ones culture or identity it todays time. At the same time, being able to study history
is important to be able to study the rich history of the will help us to think critically of the present time in relation
Philippines. Being able to study history will help in to the past that will enable us to create decisions and
understanding and knowing better our own cultural actions that would benefit the future.
identity that will help us appreciate and communicate
better to our fellow countrymen.
Through studying history, one may learn about
the past in terms of human behavior that is very
important in the growth of an individual to the nation
and later on to the world. Studying the events in the

though because thats not who the early Filipinos were. After

On Juramentados reading and studying the On the Indolence of Filipinos, it added

to my knowledge that the Filipinos were already trading with
By: Mary Elizabeth Riego other countries prior to the arrival of the Spaniards and their
indolence is the effect of the misgovernment led by the Spaniards
In the old Hollywood movies, kids are amazed with those cowboy and the image they give to the Filipinos. Then here in KASPIL2, I
characters riding their horses and shooting down bad guys. Then found out that the early Filipino soldiers were already engaging
we have the history subject or Social Science if in the Philippines, in battles in other countries and are known as unstoppable, which
we talked about the history of the Philippines but it misses some lead to the creation of the Colt. 45 calibers.
significant details. In my experience, it starts off with the early It is just sad that we, Filipinos, are not fully aware of our past
inhabitants of the country, which are the Negritos, Indonesians, and at times know more about the western culture more than
and Malays; then we also have the already-debunked theory of ours. We tend to look down at our own kind and praise the
land bridges. The next lesson will most likely be already about the others, which is the exact opposite of what we should be doing.
Spaniards arriving in the Philippines. Like any other Asian We should know and understand the whole context before we
countries, we greeted them with kindness and showed judge and that involves studying our history, which involves the
hospitability. Then they fought against us hence having our first happenings before the arrival of the Spaniards, and then we can
Filipino hero, which is Lapu-Lapu. Then after a few more justify what we really think. We should be proud of our race
expeditions, the Spaniards were successful in capturing the because we have gone through so much nevertheless we were
country where we were under their rule for more than 300 years. able to achieve victory; we were able to achieve freedom and we
We were oppressed and we were stripped off from our identity, must maintain that. We must open our eyes to reality and not
forcing us to think that we are imbecile people and teaching us stick to idealism, which I hope Filipinos of all ages will do now
just repetitive prayers and branding us as lazy people. It is sad before we will once again fall to the trap of being oppressed.

7
EFFECT OF
DIFFERENT
COLONIAL
PERIODS
BY: PAUL MABBORANG
Philippines had been colonized by the Spanish,
Americans, and Japanese. Although, a colonization is
primarily bad there were nonetheless good things
caused by such. Basically, there are advantages and
disadvantages of getting colonized. Such depends on
the intentions of the colonizers. Mostly, their
intentions are purely for their benefit. These effects
are primarily divided into aspects such as economic,
political, literature, culture, religion, and education.
Firstly, the positive and negative effects of the Spanish
colonization to Philippines. Christianity was introduced
to Filipinos. After some time, the Church and state
united which sprouted good and bad effects.
Moreover; the Catholic Church was highly influential
to Filipinos, which is a good effect. However, some
priests abused their powers which lead to loss of
freedom, killings, rape etc. which in turn led to chaos
and war between the Philippines and Spanish
colonizers. For the socio economic aspects, forced
labor was imposed. There were only limited
agr icultur al and commercial development.
Nonetheless, there were improvements in public
utilities and communications. Furthermore, telephone
service began in this era. For the literature aspect, our
language mainly originated from Spanish words.
Moreover, literature was one of the ways Filipinos
fought back. A perfect example would be Dr. Jose
Rizals famous novels. For the arts and cultural aspect,
Filipinos began to adopt Spanish fashion. Another is
that some of the Philippine cultural traditions were
erased from existence and some of it were replaced
by Spanish traditions. Examples of such is our
Christmas tradition today which includes misa de gallo
(midnight mass), noche Buena, and media noche
which are reception meals for Christmas and for a
new year. Also, hearts of Filipino artists were ignited
due to the maleficence of the Spaniards. Thus, they
released it thru using it as the substance of their
artworks. The Spaniards took education for Filipinos as
their least priority and also a threat. They were
threatened that Filipinos will be educated and realize
that what theyre doing is wrong and thus, rebel.
Lastly, we certainly wont forget this colonization since
they were the ones who named this country as
Philippines.
Secondly, the positive and negative effects of the
American colonization to Philippines. Partisan politics
was introduced to the Philippines which is still the way
of Philippine politics until now. Politicians started to
spend a lot just to win the election, and they began to
think their own personal welfare instead of the
welfare of the Filipino people. Nonetheless, this
doesnt mean that such way of politics paved way to
graft and corruption. Instead, we learned the intricate
machinery of the government and how to make and
govern laws. For the economic aspect, America
imposed free trade relations. Moreover, Philippine
products were allowed to enter duty free American
markets. For the religion aspect, America tried to
change our religion into Protestantism but they failed
and instead, they adopted Christianity. Another is the
establishment of Iglesia ni Cristo Church and Jehovahs
Witness. For the Arts and culture aspect, Filipinos
began to adopt American Fashion. Another is the art
of Oil Paintings and red blood paint. For the education
aspect, 3 levels of education were introduced:
Elementary level, Secondary (High School) level, and
College (Tertiary level). The American government
gave priority to education of Filipinos. Universities
were built such as Philippine Normal University,
National University, University of Manila, Philippine
Women University, Far Eastern University, and
University of the Philippines. Knowledge is power as
what people say. The Americans also introduced the
three classes of society which includes the rich, middle
class, and the poor.
Lastly, the negative effects of the Japanese
colonization to Philippines. Since Japanese colonization
only lasted for four years, it didnt have a lot of effects
like the Spanish and American colonization. Japanese
colonization caused thousands of deaths of Filipinos
and Americans. Also, human trafficking especially sex
slavery was very active in this time. Women and
children were caught and sold to the market. Filipinos,
at this time, were enslaved and treated as pets.
Another is that Japanese military sought to exploit the
rich mineral resources of the country (copper, iron,
chrome, manganese) through the system of military-
controlled or commissioned management
enterprises. Also, total national output in 1945 was 70
percent lower than that of 1940 which basically
means there was an economic drop in Philippine
economy.
Colonization according to the dictionary is a
process by which a central system of power
dominates the surrounding land and its components.
Thus, it doesnt automatically mean that its bad for
the colony. Rather, it depends on the intentions of the
colonizers and on how they manage their system of
the colony.
BY MICHELLE ONG

In an ever-changing society,
culture and history is a passing
topic that may seem irrelevant to
A SECOND LOOK
the grandchildren of those that
experienced whats being taught
inside educational institutions
ON PRE-
COLONIAL
right now; the most appropriate
and pertinent example would be
the declaration of martial law in
the Philippines by President
Marcos. However, this event is
only one of the many pieces that
makes up the Filipino culture as it
FILIPINOS
is right now. If we go back, before colonization. I have learned to disprove this claim by
the Japanese, American, and Spanish colonizations, presenting the rich culture of our ancestors that used to
Filipinos back then are thought of as uncultured, tribal, have the most sought after products and merchandise
and poor, at least that is what the youth of today sees it and which used to be the standard of efficiency and
as but throughout the revelations and research superiority in terms of economy and agriculture. There is
experienced by the students in Mr. Santiagos Kasaysayan absolutely nothing to be ashamed of when it comes to
ng Pilipinas class, the truth behind the culture and the culture of Filipinos whether contemporary or pre-
practices of the Filipinos were realized and will from now colonial.
on correct the perception on pre-colonial Philippines.

Different races comprised to what the ethnicity of the

Filipinos have today; we have the Negritos, Malays, and
Indonesians, then we have the inter-mixtures of the
Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and the like. Such as, I
learned from my research that the term Rajah is a Hindu
title, while the Sultan is an Islam title and they were both
used in the communities during those times. At
present time, some practices are still kept in mind and
being followed, especially in Mindanao, though majority
of the Filipinos are now living the life taught by the
Spaniards, we should still honor and respect the
practices of those following the pre-colonial period
rituals since without them, we wouldnt be what we are
now. We should be proud of our culture, no matter how
old you are and no matter what era you lived in; we are
all Filipinos. -Mary Elizabeth Riego

Although it may not be prominent in the urban sections

of the city, the rural areas of the archipelago nurtures the
tradition of the pre-colonial Filipinos all the way through
the modern age where technology has taken over. At
some point, the Philippines has been identified as a zone
of invisibility for anthropologists for its diverse history of

10
 KASPIL 2- EC

GROUP 4
MEMBERS

MARTIN BACIERTO
DENNIS ESPIRITU
PAUL MABBORANG
MICHELLE ONG
MARY ELIZABETH RIEGO
ROLAND TIONGCO
DAPHNE YANG
 Company
Work Street, Work City, Work State Work ZIP
T Work Phone, F Work Fax Phone
Work Email

Work URL

Optime odores eam rea jam aliquo rum unquam passim vulgus. Quin hac dico quo sit meis.