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Guide for Structural
Lightweight-Aggregate
Concrete
Reported by ACI Committee 213
First Printing
June 2014
ISBN: 978-0-87031-897-9
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Consulting Members
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The guide summarizes the present state of technology, presents and
interprets the data on lightweight-aggregate concrete from many
laboratory studies and the accumulated experience resulting from
its successful use, and reviews performance of structural light-
light
weight aggregate concrete in service.
concrete for structural purposes and discusses, in a condensed
fashion, the production methods for and inherent properties of
structural lightweight aggregates. Current practices for propor-
tioning, mixing, transporting, and placing; properties of hardened
concrete; and the design of structural concrete with reference to
ACI 318 are all discussed.
1.2.1 Historical background
fresh density
B insulating aggregate
BD
C
Cf
CS and
internally stored water
c =
D w cm
masonry-lightweight aggregate (MLWA)
E =
Ec =
Ecd
net water
fc
fct = oven-dry density
fc =
k =
MLWA =
p =
R =
RD
U = structural lightweight aggregate
aggregatestructural aggregate
S
V =
Wc
Wct
Wdc
Wdf
wc
wm
wod
max
LWA
aggregate
all-lightweight concrete
contact zone
aggregate
and
3.3.4 Strength of lightweight aggregates
wc
3.3.2
3.3.6 Grading
w cm
w cm calcu
4.4.1.2 Density
4.3.4 Admixtures
Table
4.4.1
4.4.1.1 Compressive strength
w cm
and
4.4.2 Workability
4.5.1 Absolute volume method
w cm
and
Thermal
Vacuum
discusses in
reducers
and
possible
include
4.7.2.1 Slump
; ;
;
E=O O
; ; ;
5.4.1 Splitting tensile strength
;
and
and
fc
;
Ec
Ec
by testing according to
Ec = w c fc
wc
Ec
and
5.8.4 Internal curing effect
5.8.1
; ; ;
; ;
5.9.1 Normally cured concrete
fc fct
fct
Fig. 5.9.1Drying shrinkage: normally cured concrete. Fig. 5.10Bond strength: pullout tests.
5.12.1 Thermal conductivity
k
k
k k= mating k
to k
k k k
wm and wo
w k and
e
5.12.1.2 Equilibrium moisture content of concrete
k under
R1 R
components and include standard constant R
R is expressed as R R=m
5.12.3
Fig. 5.12.1.3Relation of average values of concrete to c
dry density (Valore 1980).
k
5.12.2 Thermal transmittance U
m
o
m
U U
atures
U
;
; ; ;
;
;
Tests by
by
6.3.1
and
w cm
w/cm
type cz cz cz cz cz cz
6.4.1 Carbonation in mature marine structures
6.4.1.1 General
and
related to w cm
6.3.3 Implications of contact zone on failure mecha-
nisms 6.4.1.2 Concrete ships, Cape Charles, VA
; ; ;
;
w cm
w cm
;
6.4.1.4 Coxsackie Bridge, New York
by
; ;
fc term by a
fct
Ec
fct fc fct
Ec
fct
Ec
fct
by
and
7.6.1 Passive reinforcement
and
and to be
db
fsidb
7.7.1 7.9.1 Applications
7.7.2
7.9.2 Properties
Ec
; Ec
demonstrated
7.11.1 Ductility
and
Fig. 7.12bConcrete weighing less than 120 lb/ft3 (1920 kg/ Fig. 7.12cFlorida Department of Transportation predicted
m3) permitted 120 ft (37 m) spans for Florida bridge (Brown
et al. 1995). (Brown et al. 1995).
SD
8.3.1 Precast structures
w cm
w cm
-
3
]) (Holm and
Bremner 1994).
8.3.2 Buildings
8.3.2.1
1967
8.3.3 Bridges
1 *
Expanded
8.3.4.2
Fig. 8.3.3.3Raftsundet Bridge (Expanded Shale, Clay and Fig. 8.3.4.1Tarsuit Caisson Retained Island (Concrete
Slate Institute 2001). International 1982).
;
Fig. 8.3.5Nordhordland Bridge, Bergen, Norway (Elkem
Micro Silica 2000).
w cm
as reported in
reported by
structure
Jensen
; ;
;
noticed by
wc
and
used
suggested by
* * *
11
wc
using
calorimetry and
w cm
w cm
w cm
wc
Golias 2010).
wc
measured a
wc =
;
; ;
; ;
and
;
;
and
exam
reduced w c wc
in
9.4.7
wc
obtained an
wc
Fig. 9.4.5c(a) Rigid cracking frame used; and (b) effect of internal curing on restrained
stress development for specimens cured under fall conditions (Byard and Schindler 2010).
Fig. 9.4.6BSE/SEM images of mortar microstructures for silica fume blended cement
-
tions (Bentz
Bentz and Stutzman 2008).
2008). Scale bar for each image is located in lower right corner.
-
tion and electrical conductivity for samples with different
/c (Castro 2011).
ASTM International
Internal
Curing of High Performance Concretes: Laboratory and
Field Experiences
Inter-
Journal of the American Ceramic Society national Symposium on Structural Lightweight-Aggregate
Concrete
Seventh CANMET/
ACI International Conference on Durability of Concrete
Cement and Concrete
Composites
Concrete Interna-
tional Structural Lightweight Concrete Performance
.
Proceedings of Advances in Cement and
Concrete International Concrete
CONSEC 10,
wc
Construction & Building Materials
Cement and Concrete Composites
Light-
Magazine of Concrete Research weight ConcreteHistory, Application, Economics
Concrete International
Maga-
zine of Concrete Research
Concrete International
Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Lightweight Concrete Bridges
Internal
Curing of High-Performance Concretes: Laboratory and High-Performance
Field Experiences Concrete
International Symposium
Cement and Concrete Research on Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete
Performance of
wc Concrete in Marine Environment
The
Military Engineer
Cement and
Concrete Composites Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-
Making Materials
Concrete International
Journal of Materials,
ACI Materials Journal
ACI
Cement and Concrete Research Materials Journal
Journal of Thermal
Analysis and Calorimetry
ACI Journal
PCI Journal Proceedings
Engi-
neering News Record
International Symposium on
Long-Term Observation of Concrete Structures
ACI
Concrete International Journal Proceedings
Vitruvius, the Ten Books on Archi- Mate-
tecture Translation rials Science of Concrete II
Monogram
7th
Journal of ASTM International CANMET/ACI International Conference on Durability of
Concrete
Concrete International
Structural
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Performance
Concrete International
Mate-
riales de Construccion/Construction Materials
High Performance Concrete:
Research to Practice,
ACI Materials
Journal
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