BS 8081: 1989 9847 42 YT#8. 224 8 he (© British Standards Instinsion. No pert of thie publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without the prior permiason in writing of BSI British Standard Code of practice for Ground anchorages Code de bonne pratique des ancrages au sol Leitfaden fir BodenankerContents Page Foreword Inside front cover Committees responsible Back cover Code of practice 0 Introduction 5 1 Scope 5 2 Definitions 5 3 Symbols, " 4 Responsibilities 13 5 Site investigation “ 5.1 General 4 5.2 Initial desk and field study 4 5.3 Ground investigation 4 5.3.1 Extent and intensity of investigation 4 5.3.2 Methods of investigation 15 5.3.3 Sampling 15 5.3.4 Ground water 15 54 — Field testing 16 5.4.1 Tests from surface 16 5.4.2. Tests in boreholes 16 5.5 Laboratory testing 16 5.5.1 Soils 16 5.5.2 Rocks 7 5.6 Chemical testing 18 6.6.1 Aim of chemical analysis. 18 5.6.2 Aggressivity towards metals 18 5.6.3 Aggressivity towards cementitious grout or concrete 18 5.7 Presentation of data 18 5.7.1. Description of strata 18 5.7.2 Field data 19 5.7.3 Laboratory test results 19 5.8 Investigation during construction 19 5.8.1. Supplementary investigation 19 5.8.2 Field records 19 5.8.3 Anchorage behaviour during tests 19 5.8.4 Adjacent activities 19 5.9 Health hazards and safety 19 6 Design 19 61 General * a 6.2 — Ground/grout interface 20 6.2.1 General 20 6.2.2 Anchorage types 20 6.2.3 Fixed anchor design in rock 24 6.2.4 Fixed anchor design in cohesionless soils. 25 62.5 Fixed anchor design in cohesive soils, 28 6.2.6 Fixed anchor interaction 31 6.2.7 Summary of design methods 31 6.3 Grout/tendon interface 31 63.1 General 31 6.3.2 Magnitude of bond 31 6.3.3 Tendon bond length 3a 6.3.4 Effects of surface condition on bond 31 6.3.5 Concentration of steel tendon in anchorage borehole 31 Resin and cement capsules 33 6.36 Magnitude of bond Encapsulation length Concentration of steel within encapsulation Free anchor length Materials and components Cementitious grouts Cements Fillers Water Admixtures Grout properties Health hazards and safety Grout properties Health hazards and safety Tendon General Prestressing stee! Reinforcement stee! Protective coverings Centralizers Spacers Centralizer/spacer materials Acceptable working loads Fatigue ‘Anchor head General Stressing head Bearing pl Support plinth or pad in concrete Steel grillage support Design of support structures for a group of anchor heads and corrosion protection Corrosi Corrosion General Corrosion of steel in hydraul Grouna aggressivity Stray electrical currents Corrosion protection General recommendati Properties of a protective system. Principles of protection Protective systems Corrosion protection: mechanically anchored rock bolts cement Stressing equipment General Hydraulic jacks Load measurement Load cells Pressure gauges Hydraulic pumping units Page 33 33 339.5 Stressing equipment for rock bolts 9.5.1 Torque wrenches 9.5.2 Axial load check 10 10.1 10.2 Drilling Drilling method Ground disturbance Hole geometry Continuity of operations Records Safety 10.3. Tendon ‘Storage and handling Fabrication Installation 10.4 Grouting Function Borehole testing Mixing Injection Equipment Quality controls ‘Storage and use Records Health hazards and safety ‘Anchor head Stressing head and bearing plate Grouting of anchor head Cutting the tendon Protection of anchor head against mechanical damage Stressing General Equipment Stressing procedure Records Health hazards and safety Proving tests General Materials and components Trial anchorages Maximum load Load-displacement data Load-time data Displacement-time data Number of load or displacement measurements Apparent free tendon length 11.2.10 Inspection 11.2.11 Assessment of anchorages 11.2.12 Apparent free tendon length limits 11.2.13 Rate of prestress loss 11.2.14 Rate of displacement 11.2.16 Corrosion protection 113 11.3.1 11.32 11.33 11.34 1135 11.3.6 11.3.7 11.38 1.39 14 11.4.1 14.2 114.3 44 45 11.4.6 1.4.7 11.48 14.9 114.10 W411 us 11.5.1 11.5.2 11.5.3 115.4 A 8 c D E FE G H J K On-site suitability tests General Proof loads Load-displacement data Proof load-time data Displacement-time data at proof load Residual load-time data Displacement-time data at r Apparent free tendon length Assessment of anchorages On-site acceptance tests General Proof loads Load-displacement data Proof load-time data Displacement-time data at proof load Residual load-time data Displacement-time data at residual load Apparent free tendon length Assessment of anchorages Interaction of anchorages Rock bolts Monitoring service behaviour of anchorages General requirements Need for monitoring Duration and frequency of monitoring Extent of monitoring jual load Maintenance Precautionary measures Remedial measures Replacement criteria during service Dismantling after service Records Legal aspects Statutory obligations Eneroachments under neighbouring Property General Wayleave Easement Consent and indemnity Liability for pollution LLizbilities and re quirements Pollution of ground water Noise Statutory regulations Recommendations for further research Design method based on limit state principles Record sheets Overall stability Water testing and pregrouting Ground/grout interface Grout/tendon interface Tendon E valves Corrosion Corrosion protection Page 90 91 93 97 129 130 140 141 146 150