INDEX

S.NO NAME OF EXPERIMENT DATE OF SIGNATURE

EXPERIMENT

1. To study the characteristics of

Step-Up Cycloconverter.

2. To study the characteristics of

Step-Down Cycloconverter.

3. To study the characteristics of

AC Voltage Converter.

4. To study the characteristics of

Boost Converter.

5. To study the characteristics of

Type C chopper.

6. To study the characteristics of

Type D chopper.

7. To study the characteristics of

Multi level Inverter.

8. To study the characteristics of

Half Wave Rectifier.

9. To study the characteristics of

Full Wave Rectifier.
 EXPERIMENT- 1

AIM:

To study the characteristics of Step-Up Cycloconverter.

APPARTAUS REQUIRED:

Simulink- Matlab

THEORY:

Basically, cyclo-converters are AC to AC converters and are used to vary the frequency of a
supply to a desired load frequency. These are naturally commutated, direct frequency
converters that use naturally commutated thyristors. These are mainly used in high power
applications up to tens of megawatts for frequency reduction.

Cyclo-converters are constructed using naturally commutated thyristors with inherent

capability of bidirectional power flow. These can be single phase to single phase, single phase
to three- phase and three-phase to three phase converters.

So the control circuit implementation is not simple because large number of SCRs, typically 4
or 8 SCRs for single phase and 36 for three- phase supply. For such controller, a microcontroller
or microprocessor or DSP is used to trigger SCRs.
Step-Up Cycloconverter provides the output frequency more than that of input, fo > fi. In case
of step-up cyclo-converter, forced commutation circuits are needed to turn OFF SCRs at
desired frequency. Such circuits are relatively very complex. Therefore, majority of
cyclo-converters are of step-down type that lowers the frequency than input frequency.

SIMULATION MODEL:
RESULT:

The characteristics of Step-Up Cycloconverter has been studied.

 EXPERIMENT- 2

AIM:

To study the characteristics of Step-Down Cycloconverter.

APPARTAUS REQUIRED:

Simulink-Matlab

THEORY:

Basically, cyclo-converters are AC to AC converters and are used to vary the frequency of a
supply to a desired load frequency. These are naturally commutated, direct frequency
converters that use naturally commutated thyristors. These are mainly used in high power
applications up to tens of megawatts for frequency reduction.

Cyclo-converters are constructed using naturally commutated thyristors with inherent

capability of bidirectional power flow. These can be single phase to single phase, single phase
to three- phase and three-phase to three phase converters.

So the control circuit implementation is not simple because large number of SCRs, typically 4
or 8 SCRs for single phase and 36 for three- phase supply. For such controller, a microcontroller
or microprocessor or DSP is used to trigger SCRs.
Step-Down Cycloconverter. acts like a step-down transformer that provides the output
frequency less than that of input, fo < fi.

In case of step-down cyclo-converter, the output frequency is limited to a fraction of input

frequency, typically it is below 20Hz in case 50Hz supply frequency. In this case, no separate
commutation circuits are needed as SCRs are line commutated devices.

SIMULATION MODEL:
OBSERVATIONS:

RESULT:

The characteristics of Step-Down Cycloconverter has been studied.

 EXPERIMENT- 3

AIM:

To study the characteristics of AC Voltage Converter.

APPARTAUS REQUIRED:

Simulink- Matlab

THEORY:

AC to AC voltage converters operates on the AC mains essentially to regulate the output

voltage. Portions of the supply sinusoid appear at the load while the semiconductor switches
block the remaining portions. Several topologies have emerged along with voltage regulation
methods, most of which are linked to the development of the semiconductor devices.

The TRIAC based converter may be considered as the basic topology. Being bi-directionally
conducting devices, they act on both polarities of the applied voltage. However, reapplieddvdt
their ratings being poor, they tend to turn-on in the opposite direction just subsequent to their
turn-off with an inductive load. The 'Alternistor' was developed with improved features but
was not popular. The TRIAC is common only at the low power ranges.
SIMULATION MODEL

OBSERVATIONS:

RESULT:

The characteristics of AC Voltage Converter has been studied.

 EXPERIMENT-4

AIM:

To study the characteristics of Boost Converter.

APPARTAUS REQUIRED:

Simulink- Matlab

THEORY:

In a boost converter, the output voltage is greater than the input voltage hence the name
boost. A boost converter using a power MOSFET is shown below.

The function of boost converter can be divided into two modes, Mode 1 and Mode 2. Mode 1
begins when transistor M1 is switched on at time t=0. The input current rises and flows through
inductor L and transistor M1.
Mode 2 begins when transistor M1 is switched off at time t=t1. The input current now flows
through L, C, load, and diode Dm. The inductor current falls until the next cycle. The energy
stored in inductor L flows through the load. The circuits for the two modes of operation are
shown below:
The voltage-current relation for the inductor L is:

Or

For a constant rectangular pulse:

When the transistor M1 is switched:

Or

And when the transistor is switched off the current is:

Or
Here VD is the voltage drop across the diode Dm, and VTrans is the voltage drop across the
transistor M1.

By equating through delta i, we can solve for Vout:

Neglecting the voltage drops across the diode and the transistor:

So it is clear that the output voltage is related directly to the duty cycle. The main challenge when
designing a converter is the sort of inductor to be used. From above equations, it can be seen that
the inductance is inversely proportional to the ripple current. So, to reduce the ripple, a larger
inductor should be used.
SIMULATION MODEL:

OBSERVATIONS:
RESULT:

The characteristics of Boost Converter has been studied.

 EXPERIMENT-5

AIM:

To study the characteristics of Type C chopper.

APPARTAUS REQUIRED:

Simulink- Matlab

THEORY:
SIMULATION MODEL:
OBSERVATIONS:

RESULT:

The characteristics of Type C has been studied.

 EXPERIMENT-6

AIM:

To study the characteristics of Type D chopper.

APPARTAUS REQUIRED:

Simulink- Matlab

THEORY:
SIMULATION MODEL:

OBSERVATIONS:

RESULT:

The characteristics of Type D has been studied.

 EXPERIMENT-7

AIM:

To study the characteristics of Multi level Inverter.

APPARTAUS REQUIRED:

Simulink- Matlab

THEORY:

The smallest number of voltage levels for a multilevel inverter using cascaded inverter
with SDCSs is three. To achieve a three-level waveform, a single full-bridge
inverter is employed. Basically, a full-bridge inverter is known as an H-bridge cell, which
is illustrated . The inverter circuit consists of four main switches and four
freewheeling diodes.
SIMULATION MODEL:

OBSERVATIONS:

RESULT:

The characteristics of Multi Level Inverter has been studied.

 EXPERIMENT-8

AIM:

To study the characteristics of Half Wave Rectifier.

APPARTAUS REQUIRED:

Simulink- Matlab

THEORY:

In half wave rectifier only half cycle of applied AC voltage is used. Another half cycle of AC
voltage (negative cycle) is not used. Only one diode is used which conducts during positive
cycle. The circuit diagram of half wave rectifier without capacitor is shown in the following
figure. During positive half cycle of the input voltage anode of the diode is positive compared
with the cathode.

Diode is in forward bias and current passes through the diode and positive cycle develops
across the load resistance RL. During negative half cycle of input voltage, anode is negative
with respected to cathode and diode is in reverse bias. No current passes through the diode
hence output voltage is zero.
SIMULATION MODEL:

OBSERVATIONS:

RESULT:

The characteristics of Half Wave Retifier has been studied.

 EXPERIMENT-9

AIM:

To study the characteristics of Full Wave Rectifier.

APPARTAUS REQUIRED:

Simulink- Matlab

THEORY:

The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage using both half
cycles of the input ac voltage. The Bridge rectifier circuit is shown in the following figure.
The circuit has four diodes connected to form a bridge. The ac input voltage is applied to the
diagonally opposite ends of the bridge. The load resistance is connected between the other two
ends of the bridge. For the positive half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D1 and D2
conduct, whereas diodes D3 and D4 remain in the OFF state. The conducting diodes will be in
series with the load resistance RL and hence the load current flows through RL. For the
negative half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D3 and D4 conduct whereas, D1 and D2
remain OFF. The conducting diodes D3 and D4 will be in series with the load resistance RL
and hence the current flows through RL in the same direction as in the previous half cycle.
Thus a bi-directional wave is converted into a unidirectional
SIMULATION MODEL:

OBSERVATIONS:

RESULT:

The characteristics of Full Wave Rectifier has been studied.