EE003/MF004 INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS TUTORIAL 5

;EE003/MF004 INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

TUTORIAL 5 of CHAPTER 4

Targets of Tutorial 5:
By the end of this tutorial, students should able:
i. To define and differentiate between the types of the event.
ii. To understand and apply the concepts of probability.
iii. To calculate the probabilities of the event.
iv. To understand and apply the Addition Rules.

1) Explain the meaning of the following terms. Give two examples of these type of events.

a) Mutually exclusive
b) Non-mutually exclusive
c) Independent
d) Dependent (Not independent)

2) A counter is drawn from a box containing 10 red, 15 black, 5 green, and 10 yellow counters.
Find the probability that the counter:

a) is black.
b) is not green or yellow.
c) is not yellow.
d) is either red, or black, or green.
e) is not blue.

3) Two ordinary dice are thrown. Find the probability that:

a) The sum of two dice is 3.

b) The sum of two dice exceeds 9.
c) The two dice show the same number.

4) A pair of fair dice is tossed, find the probability that:

a) The sum of two dice is even.

b) The sum of dice is at least 5.
c) The number occurring on the first die is less than the number that occurred in the second
die.
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EE003/MF004 INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS TUTORIAL 5

5) In a group of 70 students, 23 students are taking Mathematics and Biology; 31 students are
taking Mathematics and Chemistry; 25 students are taking Chemistry and Biology; 3 students
are taking only Mathematics; 8 students are taking only Biology; 6 students are taking only
Chemistry; and 18 students are taking all the three subjects. Present this data in a Venn
diagram. If a student is randomly selected from this group, find the probability that:

a) The student takes only Mathematics.

b) The student takes exactly one subject.
c) The student takes none of the subjects.
d) The student takes at least one of the subjects.

6) The probability that a student from Class A is in the football team is 0.4 and the probability
that he is in the chess team is 0.5. If the probability that the student in Class A is in both
teams is 0.2, find the probability that a student chosen at random is in the football team or
chess team.

7) A bag contains 7 blue and 3 yellow beads. 3 beads are selected at random from the bag
without replacement. Illustrate all the possible outcomes to the experiment with a tree
diagram.

8) In a certain class of 30 primary school children, 16 are girls. 7 girls and 6 boys in that class
are with fair hair. A student is chosen randomly to be the class leader. Find the probability
that the class leader that chosen:

a) is a girl.
b) is a boy with fair hair.
c) has no fair hair.
d) is a girl without fair hair.

9) A student goes into the common room reads The Star with probability 0.75. The probability
of that student reads The Star but not New Straits Times is 0.65. The student reads neither has
the probability of 0.20. Present this event in a Venn diagram. Hence:

a) Find the probability that the student reads both The Star and New Straits Times.
b) Find the probability that the student reads New Straits Times but not The Star.

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EE003/MF004 INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS TUTORIAL 5

10) At a book store, the managers found that 16 customers bought magazines, 4 bought comics,
and 7 bought story books. If a customers is selected at random, find the probability that the
customer bought:

a) A magazine
b) A comic or a story book
c) A magazine or a comic

11) In a football training program, the probability that a coach will evaluate a player as superior,
above average or average are 0.09, 0.27 and 0.51, respectively. Find the probability that that
the player:

a) Will get one of these evaluations.

b) Will be evaluated as below average (assuming that this is the only remaining category).

12) In a selection of a class monitor, the probability that student X is chosen is 1/3, while the
probability that either student X or student Y is chosen is 2/5. Find the probability that

a) Student Y is chosen.
b) Student X or student Y is not chosen.