COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

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ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS LABORATORY

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

General Instructions: You will be working by pair. Submit your answers in the following format:
Long bond paper (8.5 x 13)
Font: Calibri size 11
STATA ouput: Lucida Console size 8 or 9

I. Perform the appropriate statistical analyses for the studies below using the steps in
hypothesis testing:
a. State the null and alternative hypothesis (2 points)
b. Level of significance (1 point)
c. Test statistics (1 point)
d. Critical Region (1 point)
e. Computation/STATA Output (4 points)
f. Statistical Decision (2 points)
g. Conclusion (2 points)
h. Multiple Pairwise Comparison (If necessary) (4 points)
i. Check for the assumptions (3 points)

1. McConville et al. (A-12) report the effects of chewing one piece of nicotine gum (containing 2
nicotine) on tic frequency in patients whose Tourettes disorder was inadequately controlled
haloperidol. The following are the tic frequencies under four conditions:

After eliminating patient effects, can we conclude that the mean number of tics differs among
conditions? Let =0.01

2. Starch et al. (A-18) wanted to show the effectiveness of a central four-quadrant sleeve and screw
in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The researchers performed a series of
reconstructions on eight cadaveric knees. The following table shows the loads (in newtons)
required to achieve different graft laxities (mm) for seven specimens (data not available for one
specimen) using five different load weights. Graft laxity is the separation (in mm) of the femur
and the tibia at the points of graft fixation.

Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that different loads are required to produce different
levels of graft laxity? Let =0.05.

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3. In a study of length of time spent on individual home visits by public health nurses, data were
reported on length of home visit, in minutes, by a sample of 80 nurses. A record was made also
of each nurses age and the type of illness of each patient visited. The researchers wished to obtain
from their investigation answers to the following questions:
1. Does the mean length of home visit differ among different age groups of nurses?
2. Does the type of patient affect the mean length of home visit?
3. Is there interaction between nurses age and type of patient?

4. Thrombocytopaenia is a condition of abnormally low platelets that often occurs during necrotizing
enterocolitis (NEC)a serious illness in infants that can cause tissue damage to the intestines.
Ragazzi et al. (A-8) investigated differences in the log10 of platelet counts in 178 infants with NEC.
Patients were grouped into four categories of NEC status. Group 0 referred to infants with no
gangrene, group 1 referred to subjects in whom gangrene was limited to a single intestinal
segment, group 2 referred to patients with two or more intestinal segments of gangrene, and
group 3 referred to patients with the majority of small and large bowel involved. The following
table gives the log10 platelet counts for these subjects.

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