GHG Mitigation Strategy in

Transport Sector of Korea

Dr. Jin Young Park

Research Fellow
Center for Transport and Climate Change
Contents

1. GHG in Transport Sector of Korea

2. Mitigation Strategy

3. Gaps for further Research

1. GHG in Transport Sector of Korea
 1
1. GHG in Transport Sector of Korea

Energy use in Korea

• National energy consumption in Korea has increased 2.42 times from

1990 to 2007

• Energy use of transport sector has increased 2.6 times for the same period

(Unit : thousand TOE, %)

Annual increase rate
Sector 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 2007
90-00 00-05 05-07
36,150 62,946 83,912 92,992 94,366 104,327
Industry 8.79 2.38 5.15
(43.13) (51.61) (56.00) (56.02) (55.23) (57.49)
Residential- 21,971 29,451 32,370 34,807 36,861 35,916
3.95 2.63 -1.29
Commercial (29.25) (24.15) (21.60) (20.97) (21.57) (19.79)
14,173 27,148 30,945 34,615 35,559 37,068
Transport 8.12 2.82 2.10
(18.87) (22.26) (20.65 (20.85) (20.81) (20.43)
2,812 2,416 2,625 3,595 4,068 4,144
Public, etc -0.69 9.16 0.93
(3.74) (1.98) (1.75) (2.17) (2.38) (2.28)

Total 75,106 121,961 149,852 166,009 170,854 181,455 7.15 2.66 3.06

Source : Korea energy economic Institute, 2008

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1. GHG in Transport Sector of Korea

Energy use in transport sector of Korea

• Transport sector used 39 millon TOE of energy in 2008

• Road used 81.1% of energy use in transport sector in 2008

(Unit : thousand TOE, %)

Road Railway Maritime Aviation Tatal

31,588 451 1,099 5,793 38,804

Total
81.1% 1.2% 2.8% 14.9% 100%

20,853 344 980 4,635 25,785

Passenger
80.5% 1.3% 0.3% 17.9% 100%

10,735 107 1,019 1,159 13,019

Freight
82.5% 0.8% 7.8% 8.9% 100%

Source : Korea energy economic Institute, 2008

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1. GHG in Transport Sector of Korea

Trend of energy consumption in transport

• Annual energy consumption increase rate was 6.3%, during 1990-2006

40000

35000

30000
Thousand TOE

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
 4
1. GHG in Transport Sector of Korea

Source of energy in transport sector

• Oil consists of more than 80%

Electric power,
2%
Gasoline, 21%
etc, 23%

B-C, 9%

Diesel, 45%
 5
1. GHG in Transport Sector of Korea

GHG emissions from transport sector

•GHG emission from transport sector was 98 million tCO eq. in 2005

•It consists of 20% of GHG emissions from fuel combustion

(Unit : million tCO eq. %)

Increas
2005
1990 1995 2000 2002 2004 2005 e
(Portion)
Rate

Energy 38.0 83.2 125.9 146.8 165.3 171.1 34.32 10.55

Industry & construction 82.0 124.2 141.8 148.3 148.5 148.2 29.72 4.02

Transport 42.4 77.2 87.1 94.9 97.1 98.2 19.7 5.76

Mining, Agriculture, etc,

79.9 84.3 79.3 78.2 72.5 75.2 15.08 -0.4
Public, etc

Total 247.7 372.1 438.5 473.0 489.0 498.6 100.0 4.77

Source : Korea energy economic Institute, 2008

 6
1. GHG in Transport Sector of Korea

GHG emission from transport sector

•GHG emission from transport sector was 98 million tCO eq. in 2007

•It consist of 30% of GHG emissions from fuel combustion

(Unit : million tCO eq. %)

Road Railway Maritime Aviation Total

Amount 78.5 0.7 12.8 9.0 101.0

Source : KTDB, KOTI

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1. GHG in Transport Sector of Korea

Future trends

•Continuous increase of vehicles about 22 million in 2019

•Passenger travel demand will increase 1.5times in 2019 than 2004
•Freight transport demand will increase 2.1 times in 2019 than 2004

2001 2004 2009 2014 2019

Vehicle owership 12,914 14,934 18,213 20,510 21,900

Domestic passenger
228,09 236,491 285,264 324,196 363,555
(million passenger-km/year)

D Domestic freight
E 137,977 137,701 176,321 228,280 286,257
(million ton-km/year)
M
A
International passenger
N 77,072 90,146 122,744 155,969 198,232
(million passenger-km/year)
D

International freight
4,739,548 6,217,164 7,570,019 8,227,154 9,515,464
(million ton-km/year)

Source : National Transport Network study, KOTI, 2007

2. Mitigation Strategy
 8
2. Mitigation Strategy

Government’s Pledge for Green Growth

•Memorandum speech on 60th anniversary of national foundation day

- A new national vision: ‘Low-Carbon, Green Growth’
- Sustainable growth which helps reduce greenhouse gas emission
- Positive development circle

Low-carbon green growth paradigm

High Energy Strengthening
Efficiency Energy Security

Low-carbon Promote Economic Growth &

Clean Energy Enhance Ecological Soundness

Low CO2 Strengthening Response

Generation to Climate Change
 9
2. Mitigation Strategy

Introduction
•Presidential Committee on Green Growth
- Coordinator of interests between relevant ministries
- Execution of the Basic Act for Low-Carbon Green Growth
- Setting up the national target
 10
2. Mitigation Strategy

The Basic Act for Low-Carbon Green Growth

•65 Articles for guiding general policies of mitigation

• Some transport related policies
- Promotion of environmentally-friendly vehicles (Article 47)
- Promotion of eco-friendly transport system in national scope
(Article 52)
- Formation of low-carbon transport system (Article 54)
: Setting a target for greenhouse gas emission in transport sector
: Promotion of railway oriented national trunk transport network
: Extending public transport provision
: Setting up a modal split target
: Facilitating domestic maritime transport
: Application of transport demand management measures
(congestion charge, exclusive bus lanes, and Intelligent Transport System)
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2. Mitigation Strategy

The Act for Sustainable Transport and Logistics Development(1)

• Guides for sustainable transport in 52 Articles (in force Dec. 2009)

- Sustainable transport and logistics development plans (Article 7, 9)
- Designation of sustainable transport and logistics areas (Article 12)
- Evaluation of sustainable transport performance measures (Article 14)
- Monitoring reduction in greenhouse gas emission (Article 16)
- Setting up reasonable modal split target (Article 19)
- Management of heavy goods vehicles (Article 20)
- Assistance of modal shift (Articles 21, 22)
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2. Mitigation Strategy

The Act for Sustainable Transport and Logistics Development(2)

- Adjustment of transport and logistics charge (Article 25)

- Promotion of environmentally-friendly transport technology (Article 27)
- Encouragement of environmentally-friendly transport mode (Article 28)
- Integration of transport and land use planning (Article 29)
- Restriction of car use (Article 30)
- Non-motorized transport mode (Articles 31, 32, 33)
- Assistance of inter-modal transport facilities (Article 34)
- Walking environment improvement plan (Articles 37, 38, 39, and 40)
- Special management areas (Articles 41, 42, 43, 44, 45)
- Promotion of eco-driving (Article 48)
 13
2. Mitigation Strategy

Strategy for mitigation of GHG in Transport sector

Vision Building
BuildingSustainable
SustainableLow
LowCarbon
CarbonGreen
GreenTransport
Transportsystem
system

33~37%
33~37%Reduction
Reductionof ofGHG
GHGemission
emissioninin2020
2020
Target based
basedononBAU
BAUat atTransport
Transportsector
sector
--20~24%
20~24%reduction
reductionbased
basedon
on2005
2005GHG
GHGemissions-
emissions-

Development of Modal shift to

Transport Eco-friendly Encouraging
Strategy Demand Low carbon human-powered
Transport transport
Management infrastructure & transport
& logistics
technology
3. Gaps for further Research
 14
3. Gaps for further Research

Basic statistics & GHG emission inventory

• Can conventional transport statistics be enough for GHG related research?
- Emission can be estimated by activity & emission inventory
- Conventional transport activity data & model (veh-km, trip based model)
- Transport activity has another dimension : ‘space’

• Level of GHG emission inventory

- Is Tier 1 level of emission inventory enough for transport sector?
- National transport GHG emission inventory
- Local transport GHG emission inventory
 15
3. Gaps for further Research

Measurement & achievement of GHG emission reduction potential

• To investigate cost-effectiveness, GHG emission reduction potential should be

estimated
- Can GHG emission reduction potential of every policy be estimated?

• To achieve the target, people should change their behavior.

- How could it be effectively changed?
- economic incentives or legal control?
감사합니다.
Thank you!