ABB Switzerland Ltd, ATBS, 2013

H621/H623 Curso de Capacitacin

GMD
Capitulo 03 Repaso electrnica de
potencia
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 1

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Objetivos de aprendizaje

Al completar este capitulo usted ser capaz de:

Comprender como funciona un rectificador de 6 pulsos
Comprender y entender la secuencia de disparo de un
tiristor
Identificar que tiristores disparan en un periodo de tiempo
u ngulo de conduccin determinado en una configuracin
de 6 pulsos y de 12 pulso

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 2

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Convertidor esttico

Los trminos son:

Cyclo = Cicloconvertidor
SG = Switchgear (celda de media tensin)
Tr = Transformador
SM = Motor sncrono
UN = Voltaje de red

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 3

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Caracterstica de conmutacin de un semiconductor

Caractersticas Diodo Tiristor

K G

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 4

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Convertidor esttico

Smbolo de tiristor

Circuito funcional completo

del tiristor

Construccin de
mdulos de tiristores

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 5

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Convertidor esttico

Enfriado por agua Enf. por Vista

aire posterior

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 6

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Convertidor esttico

Dispositivo de presin Pila de tiristores con disipadores

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 7

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Convertidor esttico

Parte de potencia barras de conexin

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 8

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Convertidor esttico

Corriente y voltaje del

I1+ grupo de vlvulas son
i 2 i mltiplos de aquellos de
una sola vlvula.
1 2

V1
V1+2

V2

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 9

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Convertidor esttico

i1+2
i1 i2

V1

V1+2

V2

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 10

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Convertidor esttico

Para disparar un tiristor

2 condiciones son necesarias:
Voltaje positivo A-K
Corriente de puerta positiva

Para abrir un tiristor disparado:

La corriente tiene que ser cero por un tiempo

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 11

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Sistema trifsico AC

URT = 3 x UR 30

120

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 12

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Sistema trifsico AC

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 13

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 Switching

Prepared By G.Wilsenach

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 Switching

Prepared By G.Wilsenach

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 Switching

Prepared By G.Wilsenach

We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained herein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. ABB (Switzerland) Ltd 2014 property
 Switching

Prepared By G.Wilsenach

We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained herein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. ABB (Switzerland) Ltd 2014 property
 Switching

Prepared By G.Wilsenach

We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained herein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. ABB (Switzerland) Ltd 2014 property
 Switching

Prepared By G.Wilsenach

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Rectificador trifsico

1 3 5 1
6 2 4 6
t
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 20

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Sistema trifsico AC rectificador trifsico

R+
Un ciclo = 360

S- T-
Cada tiristor conduce
por 120

Cada 60se produce

una conmutacin T+ S+
6 pulsos cada ciclo

R-
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 21

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Sistema trifsico AC 2 x rectificador trifsico 0& 30

R+
Un ciclo = 360 S-
30 R+
30

Cada tiristor conduce

por 120
T+
30 T-
30

Cada 60se produce
una conmutacin T+ S+
12 pulsos cada R- S+
ciclo 3 0 30

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 22

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Salida de voltaje de un rectificador controlado de 3 fases

Alfa=0
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 23

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Salida de voltaje de un rectificador controlado de 3 fases

Alfa=30
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 24

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Salida de voltaje de un rectificador controlado de 3 fases

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540

Output
TH1
TH2
TH3
TH4
TH5
TH6
Theta []

Alfa=60
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 25

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Salida de voltaje de un rectificador controlado de 3 fases

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540

Output
TH1
TH2
TH3
TH4
TH5
TH6
Theta []

Alfa=90
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 26

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Salida de voltaje de un rectificador controlado de 3 fases

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540

Output
TH1
TH2
TH3
TH4
TH5
TH6
Theta []

Alfa=120
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 27

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Salida de voltaje de un rectificador controlado de 3 fases

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540

Output
TH1
TH2
TH3
TH4
TH5
TH6
Theta []

Alfa=150
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 28

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Salida de voltaje de un rectificador controlado de 3 fases

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540

Output
TH1
TH2
TH3
TH4
TH5
TH6
Theta []

Alfa=180
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 29

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Salida de voltaje de un rectificador controlado de 3 fases para una carga inductiva

Ud alpha = Udi0 x cos(a)

rectifier operation
= 1,35 x Uv x cos(a)

IAC = 0.817 x IDC

IDC = 1.22 x IAC

inverter operation

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 30

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Principio de conmutacin
Alfa=30 U13

Voltaje Lnea U13

Volt

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540

Conmutacin
Th5 -> Th1
The ta []

I5
I1

U13

I5=I
d

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 31 I6=Id

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Principio de conmutacin
U13
Alfa=30 Volt

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540

Conmutacin
Th5 -> Th1
The ta []

I5
I1

I1=Ik
U13=0V Ik I5=Id-Ik

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 32 I6=Id

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Principio de conmutacin
U13
Alfa=30 Volt

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540

Conmutacin
Th5 -> Th1
The ta []

I5
I1

I1=Id

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 33 I6=Id

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Principio de conmutacin

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 34

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Principio de conmutacin

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 35

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Principio de conmutacin

1 3 5 1
6 2 4 6
1 t=> 3 5 1
6 2 4 6
X
ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 36

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Topologa cicloconvertidor

f1 f2
6-pulsos

f1 f2
30
12-pulsos

puente A puente B

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 37

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Topologa cicloconvertidor

Diagrama bsico de un motor sncrono Lado de alimentacin

alimentado por cicloconvertidor (Parte
de potencia) Mx. cos phi de red 0.84
sin F&C
S = Interruptor
T1, T2= Transformadores
n1= Cicloconvertidor
n2= Convertidor de excitacin
SM = Mquina sncrona
A, B = Puentes trifsicos

Accionamiento de
velocidad variable
Velocidad = f2 / p

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 38

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Control cicloconvertidor

En el rango de operacin de una maquina con flujo

constante, el motor sncrono requiere de tensiones de
estator UR, US, UT el cual aumentara en proporcin de la
frecuencia f2.
El cicloconvertidor de la figura anterior esta compuesto por
3 convertidores estticos reversibles, conmutados por la
lnea en una configuracin estrella, sin corrientes
circulantes.
Dado a que son convertidores line-commutated, se pueden
utilizar tiristores normales.
La tensin del estator es producida en forma directa de la
tensin principal de entrada, en funcin del control del
ngulo de conmutacin, de tal forma de obtener una
tensin de salida sinusoidal. Ambas variables (tensin,
frecuencia) son ajustables.

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 39

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Control cicloconvertidor

Se usan dos diferentes modos para controlar el

cicloconvertidor dentro de todo el rango de velocidad
Operacin sinusoidal
Operacin trapezoidal
El equipamiento de control regula las tres corrientes del
estator IR, IS, IT y la corriente de excitacin Ie, de modo
que el comportamiento de todo el sistema est optimizado
esttica y dinmicamente sobre todo el rango de
frecuencia.

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 40

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Metodos de control del molino

Modo de operacin sinusoidal

Modo sinusoidal es para los rangos menores de
velocidad, las tensiones de la maquina y por ende las
tensiones a ser generadas por el cicloconvertidor son
bajas (sinusoidal).

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 41

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Metodos de control del molino

Modo de operacin trapezoidal

Modo trapezoidal es para los rangos menores de
velocidad, las tensiones de la maquina y por ende las
tensiones a ser generadas por el cicloconvertidor son
bajas (sinusoidal).

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 42

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Formas de onda tpicas de corriente y tensin

El cicloconvertidor produce el voltaje del

estator directamente del voltaje de red
por medio del control del ngulo de
fase. El ngulo de control del
convertidor es ajustado de tal modo que
el voltaje de salida del convertidor
Puente A
resulte con una caracterstica media
Puente B
sinusoidal. Tanto la frecuencia como la
amplitud son ajustables.
e = Tiempo para cambio de corriente (aprx. 5ms)
f2 = Frecuencia de salida del convertidor
1 = Voltaje trifsico de entrada con frecuencia de red
2 = Valor medio del voltaje de salida

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July 18, 2013 | Slide 43

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Formas de onda tpicas de corriente y tensin

Puente A Puente B

A
B

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 44

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Formas de onda tpicas de corriente y tensin

Con la finalidad de mejorar el factor de potencia de red, el

modo trapezoidal es aplicado en el rango superior de
velocidad, donde el cicloconvertidor tambin tiene que
suministrar mayor voltaje de salida. En el modo trapezoidal
el convertidor opera con su ngulo de disparo lmite para
rectificador, tanto como sea posible en el ciclo de baja
frecuencia 1/f2.

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 45

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H623 Repaso electrnica de potencia
Formas de onda tpicas de corriente y tensin

Puente A Puente B

A A

BB

ABB Group
July 18, 2013 | Slide 46

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We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained herein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. ABB (Switzerland) Ltd 2014 property