7 Cicutos Del Bucket y Boom Stick PDF

SERV1852-02
August 2008
GLOBAL SERVICE LEARNING
TECHNICAL PRESENTATION
320D-336D HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS -

TIER III ENGINES
BOOM, STICK, AND BUCKET CIRCUITS
Service Training Meeting Guide

(STMG)
320D-336D HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS -
TIER III ENGINES
BOOM, STICK, AND BUCKET CIRCUITS
AUDIENCE
Level II - Service personnel who understand the principles of machine systems operation,
diagnostic equipment, and procedures for testing and adjusting.
CONTENT
This presentation provides an introduction and describes the components and systems operation
of the 320D-336D implement circuits - boom, stick, and bucket. Additional presentations will
cover the machine walkaround, engines, pilot system, main control valve group, implements,
swing system, travel system, and tool control systems in more detail. This presentation may be
used for self-paced and self-directed training.
OBJECTIVES
After learning the information in this presentation, the technician will be able to:
1. identify the correct operation of the boom, stick, and bucket on the 320D-336D hydraulic
excavators, and
2. diagnose problems in the boom, stick, and bucket circuits.
REFERENCES
320D Hydraulic Excavator Specalog AEHQ5856
323D L and 323D LN Hydraulic Excavators HEHH3327
Machine Monitoring System - Systems Operation RENR8068
Self-study "300D Series Hydraulic Excavators, 345C Hydraulic Excavator,
and 365C & 385C Large Hydraulic Excavators SERV7032
iTIM " '300C' Series Hydraulic Excavators-Electronic Control Systems" SERV2693
iTIM "325C Hydraulic Excavators-Hydraulic Systems" SERV2701
325D Hydraulic Schematic KENR6157
Estimated Time: 1 1/2 Hours

Illustrations: 44
Form: SERV1852-02
Date: August 2008
2008 Caterpillar
SERV1852-02 -3- Text Reference
08/08 Implements
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................5
Boom Circuit...........................................................................................................................8
Stick Circuit .........................................................................................................................34
Bucket Circuit .......................................................................................................................52
Cylinders ...............................................................................................................................53
CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................................55
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PREREQUISITES
"Fundamentals of Mobile Hydraulics Self Study Course" TEMV3002
"Fundamentals of Power Train Self Study Course" TEMV3003
"Fundamentals of Electrical Systems Self Study Course" TEMV3004
"Fundamentals of Engines Self Study Course" TEMV3001
NOTES
Nomenclature Change: During the fourth quarter of 2008, the 325D and 330D
nomenclature changed. The 325D became the 329D and the 330D became the 336D for
most arrangements.
The exceptions are as follows:
- The nomenclature for the 325D MH and 330D MH did not change.
- The nomenclature for the 325D FM and 330D FM did not change.
- The 325D HD HW did not change into 329D HD HW. This model is being discontinued.
However, the 330D HD HW changed to the 336D HD HW.
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IMPLEMENT CIRCUITS
Stick Cylinder
Bucket Cylinder Boom Cylinders
Swing Motor Travel Motors
Main Control Valve Group

Pilot
Control
Valves
Priority
Pilot Manifold Valves
Main
Pilot M
Hydraulic
Pump
Pumps
Fan
Fan Pump
Motor
Tank
The Fan Motor and Pump are only used on the 330D and 336D
INTRODUCTION
This presentation covers in more detail each implement circuit used for the 320D-336D
Hydraulic Excavators. The circuits to be covered include:
- boom
- stick
- bucket
The idler pump provides oil to the boom 2 and stick 1 control valves. The drive pump provides
flow to the bucket, boom 1, and stick 2 control valves.
The boom, stick, and bucket control valves are shifted by pilot oil from the joystick pilot valves
when they are activated.
NOTE: The main control valve group and return system are covered in another
presentation. The attachment/auxiliary circuits will be covered in the electronic or tool
control section. The ISO schematics were created primarily from "325D Hydraulic
Schematic" (KENR6157). Hydraulic schematics for other 320D-336D excavators
may/will have variations from illustrations shown.
08/08 Implements
4 3
1 5
2
The boom circuit uses two control valves to control the boom operation, boom 1 (1) and boom
2 (2). Both spools shift when fast boom movement is required. Both pumps provide flow to
the boom for this condition. Boom 1 valve provides single pump flow, whenever the boom is
shifted for slow movement.
The stick circuit also uses to two control valves to control the stick operation, stick 1 (3) and
stick 2 (4). Both spools shift when fast stick movement is required.
The boom circuit and stick circuits also use regeneration valves and drift reduction valves. The
regeneration valves (not shown) provide improved efficiency and require less engine
horsepower for BOOM LOWER and STICK IN.
The drift reduction valves reduce cylinder drift when the boom or stick are in NEUTRAL.
Only one control valve is required to control the bucket. The bucket circuit is supplied with oil
only from the drive pump.
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1
2
The two joysticks in the cab are used to control the movements of the boom, stick, swing and
bucket circuits.
- right joystick (1) to control the bucket and boom (SAE excavator pattern)
- left joystick (2) to control the swing and stick (SAE excavator pattern)
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MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Boom

BOOM CIRCUIT COMPONENTS Cylinders
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Boom 2
Boom 1
NFC
Orifice Main
Relief
Boom Regen
Valve
Heavy Lift Idler Pump

Solenoid
Swing / Stick Boom / Bucket Pilot Pump
Pilot Valve Pilot Valve M
Drive Pump
Boom
Priority
Valve
AEC Pressure
Switch
Pilot Manifold
Boom Circuit
The boom circuit consists of the following major components:

- boom 1 spool
- boom 2 spool
- two boom cylinders
- drift reduction valve
- Heavy Lift solenoid
- boom priority valve (pressure reducing)
- boom lowering control valves (if equipped - not shown))
- boom regeneration valve
- SmartBoom (if equipped - not shown))
NOTE: 325D Hydraulic Schematic (KENR6157) was used to develop the ISO
schematics.
08/08 Implements
Boom 1 Spool: The boom 1 spool controls oil flow from the drive pump. The boom 1 spool
receives a BOOM RAISE pilot signal on the bottom of the valve, and a BOOM LOWER pilot
signal on the top of the valve.
Boom 2 Spool: The boom 2 spool controls oil flow from the idler pump. The boom 2 spool
receives a BOOM RAISE pilot signal from the joystick on the top of the valve stem, when
active. The boom 2 spool does not operate during BOOM LOWER. The boom 2 spool has no
provisions for return oil from the boom cylinders.
Boom Cylinders: The boom cylinders work in parallel to control the raise and lower
movement of the boom. When oil is supplied to the head end of the boom cylinders, the boom
will raise. When oil is supplied to the rod end of the boom cylinders, the boom will lower.
Boom Drift Reduction Valve: The boom drift reduction valve prevents oil from leaking from
the head end of the boom cylinders. For BOOM LOWER, pilot oil from the joystick is used to
unlock the lock check valve in the drift reduction valve.
Heavy Lift Solenoid: The heavy lift solenoid is activated to increase the maximum system
pressure for lifting. (Refer to the "Main Control Valve Group and Return Group" for more
details on Heavy Lift operation.)
Boom Priority Valve: The boom priority valve (pressure reducing) is used to reduce the pilot
pressure to the stick 2 valve whenever both the BOOM RAISE and STICK IN are activated at
the same time. The higher the boom pilot pressure to the boom priority valve the less pilot
pressure is available to shift the stick 2 control valve, resulting in more pump flow going to the
boom cylinders.
Boom Lowering Control Valves: The boom lowering control valves are infinitely variable,
pilot operated control valves that control the movement of the boom during lowering. The
boom lowering control valves prevent boom cylinder drift with valving mounted directly on
each of the boom cylinders, that controls boom cylinder head end oil flow.
Because the valves are mounted directly to each of the boom cylinders, the boom lowering
control valves will prevent the boom from falling, even if a hose becomes defective from the
main control valve to the cylinders.
The boom lowering control valves also work in conjunction with the SmartBoom system to
control the boom with the function active.
Regeneration Valve: The regeneration valve allows return oil from the head end of the boom
cylinders to be directed into the rod end of the cylinders when the boom is lowered fast.
SmartBoom: The SmartBoom attachment enhances operation of the boom function and
significantly reduces cycle times of the machine. The SmartBoom is essentially a boom float
attachment, which allows the operator to lower the boom under its own weight or for the boom
to raise up due to stick force. The SmartBoom attachment is typically used in EAME.
SERV1852-02 - 10 - Text Reference
08/08 Implements
Port A Port B CONTROL VALVE

NEUTRAL
Load
Check
Valve Line Relief
and Makeup
Valve
Pilot Pilot
Valve Valve
Control
Parallel Spool
Center
Feeder
Bypass
Passage
Passage
As previously discussed, the control valve operation is similar for all of the valves in the main
control valve group including the boom, stick, and bucket valves. Pump flow is provided by
the drive and/or idler hydraulic pump. Which pump is used depends on the circuit.
The centering spring force holds the valve spool to NEUTRAL when there is no pilot oil
pressure directed to shift the spool.
In NEUTRAL the valve spool allows oil to flow unrestricted through the center bypass passage,
which directs a high NFC pressure signal to the pump control valve. The high NFC pressure
causes the pump to destroke to a standby condition, as explained previously.
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MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

BOOM RAISE - SLOW SPEED
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Boom 2
Stick 2
Boom 1
NFC
Orifice Main
Relief
Boom Regen
Valve NFC
Orifice

Swing Solenoid
Swing / Stick Boom / Bucket Priority Pilot Pump
Pilot Valve Pilot Valve Valve M
Drive Pump
Boom
Priority
Valve
AEC Pressure
Switch
Pilot Manifold
When the boom joystick is moved less than half of the travel distance for BOOM RAISE, low
pilot oil pressure is supplied to the boom 1 control valve and the boom 2 control valve.
The force of the centering spring in the boom 1 control valve is less than the force of the
centering spring in the boom 2 control valve. When the boom is raised at a low speed, the
boom 1 control valve opens and the boom 2 control valve remains closed due to the low pilot
pressure.
The drive pump supply oil flows past the boom 1 control valve and unseats the check valve in
the drift reduction valve and flows to the head end of the boom cylinders.
Return oil from the rod end of the boom cylinders returns back to the tank through the boom 1
control valve.
With the boom valve partially shifted less oil is directed to the NFC relief valve. Less oil to the
NFC relief valve results in a reduced NFC signal to the drive pump. The drive pump control
valve causes the pump to upstroke to provide flow to operate the boom.
A BOOM RAISE operation at low speed is accomplished when only the drive pump is supplied
to the head end of the boom cylinders.
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BOOM 1 CONTROL VALVE

BOOM RAISE PARTIAL SHIFT
Boom Boom
Head End Rod End
Load NFC Signal

Check Valve
Parallel
Feeder
Passage
Joystick
Center
Bypass Boom
Passage Regen Valve
When the operator begins to move the joystick to shift the boom 1 control valve, metered pilot
pressure causes the control valve to shift slightly.
With the spool initially shifted, the center bypass passage is partially closed. This movement
causes NFC pressure to decrease, which signals the drive pump to begin to upstroke.
The load check valve prevents unexpected implement movements when a joystick is initially
activated at a low pump delivery pressure. The load check valve also prevents oil loss from a
high pressure circuit to a lower pressure circuit.
As the pump supply pressure increases, the load check valve opens to allow pump supply oil in
the parallel feeder passage to flow to the control spool.
The control spool meters pump supply oil to the head ends of the boom cylinders.
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BOOM RAISE - FAST SPEED
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Boom 2
Boom 1
NFC
Orifice Main
Relief
Boom Regen
Valve

Swing Solenoid
Drive Pump
Boom
Priority
Valve
AEC Pressure
Switch
Pilot Manifold
A BOOM RAISE operation at high speed is accomplished when supply oil from both the idler
pump and the drive pump is supplied to the head end of the boom cylinders.
Boom 1 control valve and boom 2 control valve are both shifted during high speed operation.
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BOOM RAISE FULL SHIFT
Boom Boom
Head End Rod End
Load
Check Valve
NFC Signal
Parallel
Feeder
Passage
Joystick
Boom
Regen Valve
Center
Bypass
Passage
As the operator moves the joystick farther, the pilot pressure on the end of the spool increases.
The increased pilot pressure causes the boom 1 spool to shift further to the right.
The center bypass passage is now closed, which blocks the oil flow to the NFC signal port on
the right pump control valve. When the NFC signal is reduced, the pump upstrokes and flow is
increased. The increased flow can no longer return to tank through the center bypass passage.
All oil now flows through the parallel feeder path.
The increased oil flow to the parallel feeder passage causes pressure to rise in the parallel
feeder passage. The increased oil pressure overcomes the force of the load check spring and
the boom head end pressure, which causes the load check valve to unseat. Oil flows out to
boom cylinders.
The oil returning from the rod end of the cylinders flows past the spool and returns to tank.
08/08 Implements
Variable Swing
Priority Valve BOOM 2 CONTROL VALVE
FAST BOOM RAISE
Swing Priority
Pressure
Reducing Valve
Boom Cylinder
Head End
Parallel Feeder
Passage Load Check
Valve
Center Bypass
Passage Control Spool
10
The pilot oil flow shifts the boom 2 control valve. The idler pump supply oil in the parallel
feeder passage flows past the check valve and flows out to the head end of the boom cylinders.
The idler pump supply oil combines with the drive pump supply oil at the boom drift reduction
valve (not shown) and flows to the head end of boom cylinders.
Return oil from the rod end of boom cylinders flows to the boom 1 control valve and then to
the tank. The boom 2 control valve does not handle any of the return flow for the boom circuit.
NOTE: The swing priority valve does not affect the operation of the boom 2 control
valve.
08/08 Implements

BOOM PRIORITY - BOOM RAISE AND STICK IN
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Stick Regen
Valve
Boom 2
Stick 2
Boom 1
Stick 1
NFC
Orifice Main
Relief
Boom Regen
Stick Unloading Valve
Valve

Swing Solenoid
Drive Pump
Boom
Priority
Valve
AEC Pressure
Switch
Pilot Manifold
11
During combined operations of BOOM RAISE and STICK IN, the boom raise pilot oil pressure
shifts the pressure reducing valve for the boom priority valve to reduce the stick in pilot
pressure for the stick 2 control valve. With the reduction in stick in pilot pressure to the stick 2
control valve, more pump flow is directed to the boom cylinders during this combined
hydraulic operation.
NOTE: For STICK IN, the stick circuit regeneration valve will shift to direct return oil
from the rod end of the stick cylinder to the head end of the cylinders.
When the joystick for the stick is moved to the STICK IN position, a portion of the pilot oil
from the pilot control valve for the stick flows through the pressure reducing valve for the
boom priority to the stick 2 control valve. As the joystick for the boom is moved farther for a
BOOM RAISE, pilot oil pressure from the pilot control valve for the boom increases. This
gradual increase in pilot oil pressure causes the spool in the pressure reducing valve for the
boom priority to gradually shift.
A portion of the pilot oil to the stick 2 control valve from the stick pilot control valve is
restricted by the boom priority valve. The pilot oil pressure acting on the stick 2 control valve
decreases.
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The stick 2 control valve shifts toward the NEUTRAL position. The amount of oil flow from
the main pumps to the stick hydraulic circuit decreases. This change causes a greater portion of
the oil flow from the main pumps to flow to the head end of the boom cylinders.
Since the pilot oil pressure from the boom pilot control valve directly corresponds to the
amount of movement or position of the boom joystick a gradual change to boom priority
occurs.
Thus, boom priority is controlled by the position of the joystick for the boom and boom priority
automatically activates when the joystick reaches a certain position during a BOOM RAISE
operation.
The above information describes the condition of BOOM RAISE and STICK IN. During any
combined function of BOOM RAISE and STICK IN, the pressure reducing valve for boom
priority reduces pilot pressure to the stick 2 control valve.
NOTE: If the joysticks are fully shifted for BOOM RAISE and STICK IN, stick in pilot
pressure on the bottom of the boom 2 cancels the boom raise pilot pressure on top of the
boom 2 spool. At the same time the boom priority valve prevents stick in pilot pressure
from going to the stick 2 control valve.
These two actions result in the drive pump supplying oil to the boom cylinders and the
idler pump providing oil to the stick cylinder.
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BOOM LOWER WITH REGENERATION
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Boom 2
Boom 1
NFC
Orifice Main
Relief
Boom Regen
Valve

Swing Solenoid
Drive Pump
Boom
Priority
Valve
AEC Pressure
Switch
Pilot Manifold
12
For BOOM LOWER only the boom 1 control valve is used. The drive pump partially strokes
to provide flow to the rod end of the boom cylinders.
When the joystick is shifted pilot oil moves the boom 1 control spool down, the regeneration
valve right, and unlocks the drift reduction valve. When the boom 1 control spool is fully
shifted, the center bypass valve is never fully closed off. By not closing off the center passage,
there is an NFC signal to the drive pump. The drive pump never fully upstrokes.
Due to the force of gravity, with the lock valve unlocked, the weight of the boom and the load
on the boom, force the return oil out of the cylinder head ends back to the regeneration valve
and the boom 1 control valve.
The boom 1 control valve restricts the return oil flow. Whenever the return oil pressure is
higher than the supply pressure in the rod end of the cylinders, the return oil from the boom
cylinder head ends unseats the check valve above the regeneration valve.
The return oil from the head end enters the supply passage to the rod end to help fill the
cylinders and prevent cylinder cavitation. The regeneration valve allows the excavator to
operate more efficiently. The main pump supply oil not required to lower the boom is available
to operate another circuit.
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BOOM LOWER
Load Check Head End Rod End

Valve
NFC Signal
Parallel
Feeder
Passage
Center Boom
Bypass Regen Valve
Passage
13
The boom pilot oil flow from shifts the boom control spool to the left against the force of the
centering spring. Supply oil from the drive pump in the parallel feeder passage flows past the
load check valve to the rod end of the boom cylinders.
Some of the oil in the center bypass passage flows past the center land to provide a reduced
NFC signal. The reduced NFC signal causes the drive pump to only partially upstroke.
Part of the return oil from the head end of boom cylinders flows to the boom drift reduction
valve.
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BOOM REGENERATION VALVE

Low Boom Down SLOW BOOM DOWN
Pilot Pressure
Check
Valve
From Boom
Spool
A A
To Boom
Spool
Regen Spool
A-A
14
The boom regeneration valve has two components, the boom regeneration valve itself and the
check valve.
During a slow BOOM DOWN, the low pilot pressure is not able to move the regeneration valve
down so return oil from the the boom cylinder head ends is not able to flow to the boom
cylinder rod ends.
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High Boom Down BOOM REGENERATION VALVE

Pilot Pressure
FAST BOOM DOWN
Check
Valve
From Boom
Spool
A A
To Boom
Spool
Regen Spool
A-A
15
When boom lower pilot pressure increases, the boom regeneration valve is pushed down, a
passage is opened allowing boom head end oil to flow to the check valve. If the boom rod end
pressure is lower than the boom head end oil pressure, then the check valve opens allowing
boom head end oil to be directed to the boom rod end.
The check valve closes if the boom rod end oil pressure is higher than the boom head end oil
pressure, such as when the boom is being powered down.
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BOOM DRIFT REDUCTION VALVE

BOOM RAISE
Manual Bleed
Valve
Line Relief
Valve B
Check Valve B
Boom 2
Shuttle
Valve
A-A
Boom 1
From Boom 1
And Boom 2
Control Valves
To Boom Cylinders Lock Check

Head End Valve
Shuttle Valve
A A
Line Relief Valve Line Relief Shuttle

Valve Valve
B-B
16
Boom Drift Reduction Valve: The boom drift reduction valve prevents oil from leaking from
the head end of the boom cylinders. The boom drift reduction valve is located on the main
control valve group. The boom drift reduction valve has the following components:
- shuttle valve
- lock check valve
- line relief valve
In NEUTRAL, the shuttle valve and check valve are closed by spring force. Oil is blocked
between the boom control valve and the boom cylinders.
For BOOM RAISE, the shuttle valve is closed by spring force. When closed, the shuttle valve
allows oil from the boom control valves to act on one end of the lock check valve.
Oil pressure from the boom control valves acts on the other end of the lock check valve. The
lock check valve opens (due to pressure differential on check valve) to allow oil flow to the rod
end of the boom cylinders.
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BOOM DRIFT REDUCTION VALVE

BOOM LOWER
Manual Bleed
Valve
Line Relief
Check Valve Valve B B
Boom 2
Shuttle To Tank
Valve
Boom 1
To Boom 1
Control Valve
From Boom Cylinders

Head End Check
Valve
Shuttle Valve
A A
Line Relief Valve Line Relief Shuttle

Valve Valve
B-B
17
For BOOM LOWER, the shuttle valve is opened by pilot oil from the joystick. The shuttle
valve allows oil from the spring end of the lock check valve to return to tank.
Oil pressure from the boom cylinder head end opens the lock check valve. The lock check
valve allows oil flow from the head end of the boom cylinders to return to the boom control
valve.
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5 4
2
6
18
Boom Lowering Control Valves: The boom lowering control valves (1 and 2) are mounted on
the head end of the boom cylinders. If the machines are equipped with the optional boom
lowering valves, the drift reduction valve for the boom is not installed on the machine.
The boom lowering control valves serve several purposes:

- prevent the boom from falling rapidly in case of hose failure
- provide BOOM LOWER control with SmartBoom (if equipped) activated
- prevent boom drift
The lowering control valves are equipped with head end line relief valves (3) to protect the
cylinders from sudden shocks.
A pilot line (4) directs pilot oil to unlock the lowering control valve so the boom can be
lowered.
The tube (5) provides supply oil from the boom control valve.
A hose (6) connects both lowering control valves. The line provides for equalization of
pressures in the head end of the cylinders when the boom is raised or lowered to provide
smooth movement.
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Boom
Down Pilot
BOOM LOWERING CONTROL VALVE
NEUTRAL
Boom Cylinder Head End

Line Relief Valve Tank
Boom Control
Valve Check Valve
Boom Control
Boom Lowering Valve
Control Valve
Equalization
Passage
Opposite
Cylinder
Manual
Lower
Boom Orifice Opposite

Down Pilot Cylinder
Boom Control
Valve
Head End
19
When the boom circuit is equipped with boom lowering control valves (or load control valves),
the lowering control valves are attached directly to each of the boom cylinders.
The following major components are used in the boom lowering control valves :
- boom head end line relief
- check valve
- boom lowering control valve spool
- orifice
- manual lower
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Boom Head End Line Relief: The boom head end line relief protects the boom head end
circuit from damage if the pressure in the circuit exceeds the line relief setting.
Check Valve: The check valve holds the high pressure of the boom cylinder head end
from leaking off. Because the weight of the boom, stick, and work tool are always applied
to the head end of the boom cylinder, the check valve is needed to prevent the high
pressure from leaking off and allowing the boom to drift. The check valve also provides
an unrestricted means for the high pressure/high flow oil from the main control valve to
enter the boom cylinder head end during BOOM UP.
Boom Lowering Control Valve Spool: The infinitely variable boom lowering control
valve spool controls the flow of oil exiting the boom cylinder head end. The top of the
spool receives pilot pressure from the boom lower joystick. When the valve opens, oil
flows from the head end back to the main control valve. Because the valve is infinitely
variable and controlled by boom lower pilot pressure, the speed that the boom lowers is
controlled by the boom lowering control valve spool.
Orifice: The boom lowering control valves on each cylinder are connected by a small
hose. The hose ensures that pressure is always equal in the two cylinders. The orifice in
each of the boom lowering control valves restricts the amount of oil that flows from one
cylinder to the other. The restriction created by the orifice will allow control over the
boom in the event that the hose ruptures. Under normal operation the orifice plays no role
in boom operation.
Manual Lower: Manual lower allows the boom to be lowered if the engine will not run.
The valve allows the oil pressure in the head end of the cylinder to bleed to the tank.
NEUTRAL: When no boom function is performed the boom lowering control valve is in
NEUTRAL. In NEUTRAL no oil flows to or from the boom cylinders, and the boom does not
move.
In NEUTRAL, the check valve is seated by the combination of the spring force and the high
pressure oil in the head end of the boom cylinders. The boom lowering control valve spool is
seated by spring force.
The boom lowering control valves have no effect on the flow of oil to/from the rod end of the
boom cylinders.
NOTE: Manual lower may be done differently depending on the lowering control
valves used. Some machines may have a manual lowering valve separate from the
lowering control valves.
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Boom Lowering
BOOM CIRCUIT WITH LOWERING Cont rol Valve
CONTROL VALVES
NEUTRAL
Boom Down
Pilot
Boom 1
Spool
Straight
Travel
Main
Boom 2 Relief
Boom Rod End
Spool
Line Relief Valve
Boom Regen
Valve
Boom Up Pilot Idler

Pump
M
Pilot Oil
Heavy Lift Drive
Solenoid Pump
20
The schematic above shows the two lowering control valves and the boom circuit control
valves in NEUTRAL.
Both pumps are destroked.
NOTE: The stick circuit may also be equipped with a single lowering control valve.
Operation of the stick lowering control valve will be similar. With only a single stick
cylinder there is no need for an equalization passage.
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Boom
BOOM LOWERING CONTROL VALVE Down Pilot
BOOM UP

Boom Control
Valve
Check Valve
Boom Control
Boom Lowering Valve
Control Valve
Equalization
Passage
Opposite
Cylinder
Boom
Orifice Opposite
Down Pilot
Cylinder
Boom Control
Valve
Head End
21
When BOOM UP is performed the boom lowering control valve allows oil to pass from the
main control valve to the head end of the boom cylinders.
High pressure oil from the main control valve enters the boom lowering control valve.
As the supply pressure increases, the check valve opens and allows oil to flow to the head end
of the boom cylinder.
The boom lowering control valve spool remains seated due to spring force.
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Boom Lowering
CONTROL VALVES
BOOM UP
Boom Down
Pilot
Boom 1
Spool
Straight
Travel
Main
Boom 2 Relief
Boom Rod End
Spool
Line Relief Valve
Boom Regen
Valve
Boom Up Pilot Idler

Pump
M
Pilot Oil
Heavy Lift Drive
Solenoid Pump
22
For BOOM UP, the pilot pressure shifts both boom spools.
Besides oil from the drive pump, supply oil may also be available from the idler pump for
raising the boom. Other circuits not shown, operating at lower pressures than the boom will
receive the idler pump flow first.
The regen valve has no affect on the operation of the lowering control valves for BOOM UP.
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Boom
BOOM LOWERING CONTROL VALVE Down Pilot
BOOM LOWER SLOW (METERED)

Boom Control
Valve Check Valve
Boom Control
Boom Lowering Valve
Control Valve
Equalization
Passage
Opposite
Cylinder
Orifice
Boom
Down Pilot
Boom Control
Valve
Head End
23
When the boom is slowly lowered, the boom lowering control valve allows oil to flow at a
controlled rate from the head end of the boom cylinders to the return system.
The boom lower pilot oil from the operator joystick enters the boom lowering control valve
above the boom lowering control valve spool. The pilot pressure moves the spool down against
the spring force.
The movement of the spool partially opens a passage to allow flow from the boom cylinder
head end to the return system. Since this flow is restricted by the spool, the boom lowers at a
controlled rate.
The farther the joystick is moved, the higher the pilot pressure on the spool, the greater the
movement of the spool, and the greater the flow from the boom cylinder head end to the tank
past the boom control valve.
The check valve remains closed.

08/08 Implements
Boom Lowering
CONTROL VALVES
BOOM DOWN SLOW
Boom Down
Pilot
Boom 1
Spool
Straight
Travel
Main
Boom 2 Relief
Boom Rod End
Spool
Line Relief Valve
Boom Regen
Valve
Boom Up Pilot Idler

Pump
M
Pilot Oil
Drive
Heavy Lift Pump
Solenoid
24
For a slow boom down, with boom lowering valves, the boom 1 spool is only partially shifted
by a reduced pilot pressure. The NFC signal to the pump is reduced, so the drive pump only
partially upstrokes.
The boom 2 spool does not shift.
As long as the pilot pressure does not move the regen valve to the right, regeneration does not
occur.
Oil metered through the lowering valves to tank flows back to the tank through the boom 1
spool.
08/08 Implements
Boom Lowering
CONTROL VALVES
BOOM DOWN FAST
Boom Down
Pilot
Boom 1
Spool
Straight
Travel
Main
Boom 2 Relief
Boom Rod End
Spool
Line Relief Valve
Boom Regen
Valve
Boom Up Pilot Idler

Pump
M
Pilot Oil
Drive
Heavy Lift Pump
Solenoid
25
For a full BOOM DOWN, the lowering control valve allows oil to flow with little restriction
from the boom lowering control valve.
The full boom lower pilot signal from the operator joystick enters the lowering control valve
above the boom lowering control valve spool. The pilot moves the spool fully down against the
spring force.
The movement of the spool fully opens the passage to allow oil to flow from the boom cylinder
head end to flow to the regen valve and to the boom control valve.
The check valve remains closed.

08/08 Implements
Boom Lowering
CONTROL VALVES
BOOM DOWN FAST
Boom Down
Pilot
Boom 1
Spool
Straight
Travel
Main
Boom 2 Relief
Boom Rod End
Spool
Line Relief Valve
Boom Regen
Valve
Boom Up Pilot Idler

Pump
M
Pilot Oil
Drive
Heavy Lift Pump
Solenoid
26
For a fast BOOM DOWN, the pilot pressure fully shifts the boom 1 spool, both lowering
control valves, and the regen valve.
With the regen valve shifted, head end return oil flows through the regen valve to mix with the
supply oil from the drive pump to fill the cylinder rod ends.
This action results in the boom lowering rapidly and more efficient operation of the excavator
due to only one pump is providing flow and by using the return oil to supplement the supply
oil.
08/08 Implements

STICK CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
Stick
Cylinder
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Stick Regen
Valve
Stick 2
NFC Stick Stick 1

Orifice Unloading Main
Valve Relief
Variable Swing
Priority Valve
Idler Pump
Swing Boom
Swing / Stick Boom / Bucket Priority Priority Heavy Lift
Pilot Valve Pilot Valve Valve
M Pilot Pump
Valve Solenoid Drive Pump
Pilot
Manifold
AEC Pressure
Switch
27
Stick Circuit
The stick circuit consists of the following major components:
- stick 1 spool
- stick 2 spool
- stick cylinder
- stick regeneration valve
- stick unloading valve
- stick lowering control valves (not shown)
- stick drift reduction valve
NOTE: The stick priority systems and the stick drift reduction valve will be discussed
in more detail later in this presentation.
08/08 Implements
Stick 1 Spool: The stick 1 spool controls oil flow from the idler pump. The stick 1 spool
receives a STICK OUT pilot signal on the bottom of the valve, and a STICK IN pilot signal on
the top of the valve.
Stick 2 Spool: The stick 2 spool controls oil flow from the drive pump. The stick 2 spool
receives a STICK IN pilot signal from the joystick on the top of the valve stem. The stick 2
spool receives a STICK OUT pilot signal from the joystick on the bottom of the valve stem.
Stick Cylinder: When oil is supplied to the head end of the stick cylinder, the stick will
extend for a STICK IN. When oil is supplied to the rod end of the stick cylinder, the stick will
retract for a STICK OUT.
Stick Regeneration Valve: The stick regeneration valve opens during STICK IN to allow
returning oil from the rod end of the stick cylinder to be directed to the head end of the stick
cylinders during STICK IN. Regeneration is used to reduce "stick wag" and increase the stick
in speed.
Stick Unloading Valve: The unloading valve allows the oil to return to the tank when
regeneration is not necessary.
Stick Drift Reduction Valve: The stick drift reduction valve is placed in the stick circuit
between the main control valve and the stick cylinder. The stick drift reduction valve prevents
oil from leaking from the rod end of the stick cylinder. The stick drift reduction valve also
incorporates the line relief valve for the rod end of the stick cylinder.
NOTE: Approximate spring setting values have been provided to use as reference
values only. The values have been provided to assist in explaining stick operation.
Different pilot pressures are required to shift the stick 1 and the stick 2 control valves.
08/08 Implements
MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Boom

STICK OUT Cylinders
Stick
Cylinder
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Stick Regen
Valve
Stick 2
NFC Stick Stick 1

Orifice Unloading Main
Valve Relief
Variable Swing
Priority Valve
Idler Pump
Swing Boom
Swing / Stick Boom / Bucket
Priority Priority Heavy Lift
Pilot Valve Pilot Valve M Pilot Pump
Valve Valve Solenoid Drive Pump
Pilot
Manifold
AEC Pressure
Switch
28
When the stick hydraulic circuit is operated independently of other hydraulic circuits, stick 1
control valve and stick 2 control valve are used for both the STICK IN and STICK OUT
operation. When the stick 1 control valve and the stick 2 control valve are shifted, the supply
oil from the idler pump and the drive pump is combined. The supply oil from both pumps
flows to the stick cylinder.
The supply oil from the drive pump flows through the parallel feeder passage in the main
control valve group to the stick 2 control valve. The supply oil from the idler pump flows
through the center bypass passage in the main control valve group to the stick 1 control valve.
When the joystick for the stick is moved to STICK OUT, the pilot oil flows from the pilot
control valve to the stick 1 control valve and the stick 2 control valve.
The pilot oil shifts the stick 1 and stick 2 control valve spools. Supply oil is directed from both
spools to the stick drift reduction valve. The lock check valve in the drift reduction valve shifts
and combined pump oil flows to the rod end of stick to retract the cylinder.
Return oil from the head end of the stick cylinder flows back to the stick 1 and stick 2 control
valves and to the tank.
08/08 Implements

STICK IN - SLOW WITHOUT REGENERATION
Stick
Cylinder
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Stick Regen
Valve
860 >600
kPa kPa
Boom 1 Stick 2
11270
kPa >900
NFC Stick 1 kPa
Orifice Main
Relief
Stick Variable Swing

Unloading Priority Valve
Valve
Idler Pump
Swing Boom
M Pilot Pump
Pilot
Manifold
AEC Pressure
Switch
29
Slow STICK IN - No Regeneration: Depending on the position of the stick, for a slow stick
in, regeneration may not be required due to the supply oil from the pump being able to fill and
pressurize the head end of the stick cylinder to force the stick in.
For a slow STICK IN the pilot signal is reduced and will only partially shift the stick 1 spool.
The stick 2 control valve may or may not shift. Shifting of the stick 2 spool is determined by
how high the pilot pressure to the stick 2 valve is.
Different minimum pilot pressures are required to shift the stick spools.
When pilot pressure is less than approximately 860 kPa (125 psi), the pilot oil is not able to
shift the regeneration valve to the left.
A reduced NFC signal is sensed at the idler pump, and the pump upstrokes to provide flow.
Most of the supply oil from the idler pump is directed to the stick cylinder head end through the
stick 1 control spool.
08/08 Implements
Return oil from the rod end flows to the drift reduction valve. The lock check valve in the drift
reduction valve is unseated and return oil flows back to the tank through the stick 1 control
valve.
Though the return oil is restricted through the stick 1 control spool, to provide precise control
of slow STICK IN.
08/08 Implements
STICK REGENERATION VALVE

Stick In REGENERATION OFF
Stick
Pilot
Regeneration
(<860 kPa)
Valve
From Stick
Control
Valve
Check
Valve Stick
Unloading
Valve
To Stick
Control
Valve
A A
A-A
30
The stick 1 spool restricts the return oil from the stick rod end. The restriction at the stick 1
spool creates a back pressure in the stick cylinder rod end return circuit. The restriction
prevents the stick cylinder from cavitating due to the force of gravity trying to lower the stick
when the stick is being moved from a raised stick out position to a lowered position.
Due to low pilot pressure the regeneration valve does not shift.
Since the regeneration valve has not shifted to allow rod end oil to flow to the check valve, the
check valve remains closed and the rod end and head oil does not mix. Regeneration does not
occur.
A drain passage in the stick regeneration valve vents the upper passage between the stick
unloading valve and the regeneration valve to the tank.
08/08 Implements

STICK IN - FAST WITH REGENERATION (BOOM UP ACTIVATED)
Stick
Cylinder
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Stick Regen
Valve
860 >600
kPa kPa Boom 1 Stick 2
11270
kPa >900
NFC kPa
Orifice Main
Stick 1
Relief

Valve
Idler Pump
Swing Boom
Swing / Stick Boom / Bucket
Priority Priority Heavy Lift Pilot Pump
Valve Valve Solenoid Drive Pump
Pilot
Manifold
AEC Pressure
Switch
31
Fast STICK IN - Regeneration: Pilot pressure is increased for a fast STICK IN.
The boom 1 circuit has been activated as well, to show the importance of the stick regeneration
valve. With the boom circuit activated the boom priority valve reduces the pilot pressure to the
stick 2 valve, preventing the stick 2 valve from shifting. Only one pump flow from the idler
pump is available to supply the stick 1 circuit.
The higher stick pilot pressure causes the regeneration valve to shift to the left. Return oil from
the rod end flows through the regeneration valve to the check valve. The check valve unseats
due to the return oil pressure being higher than the pump supply pressure from the stick 1
control valve.
When the check valve unseats, the return oil is added to the supply oil going to the head of the
stick cylinder.
The regeneration valve allows the excavator to operate more efficiently. The main pump supply
oil not required to shift the stick in is available to operate another circuit.
08/08 Implements

STICK IN - FAST WITH REGENERATION AND STICK 2
Stick
Cylinder
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Stick Regen
Valve
Blocked
860 >600
11270 >900
kPa kPA
NFC
Orifice Stick 1 Main
Relief

Valve
Idler Pump
Swing Boom
M Pilot Pump
Pilot
Manifold
AEC Pressure
Switch
32
If the boom circuit was not activated, higher pilot pressure available to the stick 2 valve would
cause the stick 2 control valve to shift.
The stick 2 control valve does not allow return oil from the rod end to return to the tank
through the stick 2 control valve.
Drive pump supply oil is now available to supply the stick cylinder as well as the idler pump
supply oil.
As long as the combined pump supply pressure does not exceed the spring pressure setting of
the unloading valve spring, the return oil from the rod end will be used to add to the two pump
flow.
08/08 Implements
Stick In
Pilot Stick
STICK REGENERATION VALVE
(>860 kPa) Regeneration REGENERATION ACTIVE
Valve Head End Pressure <11270 kPa
From Stick
Control
Valve
Check
Valve
Stick
Unloading
Valve
To Stick
Control
Valve
A A
A-A
33
When the pilot pressure increases to stick in fast, the regeneration valve moves down.
The restriction at the stick 1 spool creates back pressure in the stick cylinder return oil from the
rod end. Because the stick is moving fast, the back pressure is relatively high.
The return oil flows to the check valve between the rod end and head end circuits. The
returning oil pressure overcomes the combined force of the check valve spring and the pump
supply oil from the stick control valve. The check valve opens. Returning oil from the rod end
of the stick cylinder now is redirected to the head end of the stick cylinder.
The stick cylinder head end pressure is sensed by the stick unloading valve. Due to low head
end pressure, the valve remains closed, which blocks the passage to drain for the return oil from
the cylinder rod end.
08/08 Implements

STICK IN - FAST UNLOADING (AND STICK 2)
Stick
Cylinder
Drift
Reduction
Valve
Stick Regen
Valve
Blocked
860 >600
11270
kPa >900
NFC kPa
Orifice Main
Stick 1 Relief

Valve
Idler Pump
Swing Boom
Swing / Stick Boom / Bucket Priority Priority
Pilot Valve Pilot Valve Valve Heavy Lift M Pilot Pump
Pilot
Manifold
AEC Pressure
Switch
34
Fast STICK IN - Unloading: Whenever the head end supply pressure exceeds the setting of
the unloading valve spring [11270 kPa (1630 psi)] the unloading valve shifts and allows the
return oil from the cylinder rod end to flow directly to the tank.
Typically this will occur whenever the stick reaches the vertical position or as the stick moves
from the vertical position and in closer to the machine.
NOTE: If the stick 2 control valve is also supplying drive pump oil to the stick circuit
along with the idler pump supplying oil, the head end pressure may increase above
11270 kPa (1630 psi), prior to the stick reaching a vertical position to the ground, when
being lowered from a raised position.
08/08 Implements
Stick In STICK REGENERATION VALVE

Pilot Stick UNLOADING ACTIVE
(>860 kPa) Regeneration Head End Pressure >11270 kPa
Valve
From Stick
Control
Valve
Check
Valve Stick
Unloading
Valve
To Stick
Control
Valve
A A
A-A
35
Stick unloading occurs when the stick reaches vertical to the ground and as the stick moves
further in towards the machine. A pressure spike occurs which helps to open the unloading
valve to rapidly reduce rod end pressure. When the unloading valve opens, the oil flow to the
stick cylinder may be from one or both pumps. (Stick 2 flow depends on whether other circuits
are in operation at the same time.)
When the regeneration valve is shifted and the supply oil to the head end of the stick cylinder is
higher than the return oil from the rod end, the check valve will close. No return oil from the
rod end enters the passage to the head end.
At the same time the pressure in the head end of the cylinder increases and moves the
unloading valve down.
When the unloading valve moves down, most of the return oil from the rod end of the cylinder
returns to the tank past the unloading valve instead of through the stick 1 control valve.
When the stick unloading moves down, regeneration no longer occurs.

08/08 Implements
Summary of stick regeneration functions: The main purpose of the regeneration valve is to
allow smooth stick in operation, whenever the pump flow is also being used by other circuits.
Typically, the operator will use the stick, boom, swing, and bucket circuits simultaneously for
some applications. The regeneration valve will actually allow the stick to lower for a stick in
operation with little or no additional pump flow.
Stick regeneration allows the returning oil from the rod end of the cylinders to combine with
main pump flow to move the stick cylinder out.
The regeneration valve also prevents cylinder cavitation, which prevents swing wag from
occurring.
NOTE: If both pump flows were are available for the stick cylinder, the regen valve
would have limited use. The back pressure valve and the makeup valve would probably
be sufficient to prevent swing wag, except for when there is an extremely heavy
suspended load on the stick circuit.
The unloading valve allows a means to relieve the back pressure from the returning rod end oil,
when the oil is no longer needed for regeneration.
08/08 Implements
STICK DRIFT REDUCTION VALVE

A
From Stick 1 NEUTRAL

and Stick 2
Control
Valve
B To Stick
Cylinder
Rod End
To Stick
Cylinder
Rod End
From Stick 2
Control
A Valve
From Stick 1
From Stick 1 Control
and Stick 2 Valve
Control Stick In
Valve Pilot Shuttle
Pressure Valve
Lock Check
Valve
Drain
To Stick
Cylinder
Rod End
B-B
Stick Out
Line Relief
Valve
36
The stick drift reduction valve is located in the stick circuit on the main control valve group as
part of the stick 1 spool. The stick drift reduction valve prevents oil from leaking from the rod
end of the stick cylinder. The stick drift reduction valve has the following components:
- shuttle valve
- lock check valve
- line relief valve
In the NEUTRAL position, the shuttle valve and lock check valve are closed by spring force.
Oil is blocked between the stick control valve and the stick cylinder.
08/08 Implements

A
From Stick 1
STICK OUT
and Stick 2
Control
Valve
B
To Stick
Cylinder
Rod End
To Stick
Cylinder
Rod End
From Stick 2
Control
A Valve
From Stick 1
From Stick 1 Control
and Stick 2 Valve
Control Stick In
Valve Pilot Shuttle
Pressure Valve
Lock Check
Valve
Drain
To Stick
Cylinder
Rod End
B-B
Stick Out
Line Relief
Valve
A-A
37
For STICK OUT, the shuttle valve does not shift. The shuttle valve allows oil from the stick
control valves to act on one end of the lock check valve.
Oil pressure from the stick control valves acts on the other end of the check valve. The check
valve opens (due to the pressure differential on the check valve) to allow oil flow to the rod end
of the stick cylinder.
08/08 Implements
A
To Stick 1 STICK IN
To Stick 1
Control
Control
Valve
Valve
B From Stick
Cylinder
Rod End
From Stick
Cylinder
Rod End
To Stick 2
To Stick 1 Control
Control Valve
A Valve
To Stick 1
Stick In Control
Pilot Shuttle Valve
Pressure Valve
From Stick Drain

Cylinder
Rod End
B-B
Stick Out
Line Relief
Valve
A-A
38
For STICK IN, the shuttle valve is moved down by pilot oil from the joystick.
The shuttle valve allows oil in the lock valve spring chamber to flow to the tank.
Return oil from the stick cylinder rod end moves the lock check valve to the left against the
lock check valve spring.
The open lock check valve allows oil flow from the rod end of the stick to return to the stick 1
control valve and the regeneration valve.
08/08 Implements
Stick
Cylinder
STICK HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
WITH LOWERING CONTROL VALVE
NEUTRAL
Stick Lowering
Control Valve
Stick Regen
Valve Check
Valve
Straight
Travel
Boom 2 Stick 1 Stick 2

Spool Main
Relief
Stick Unloading Stick Out

Valve PRV1
Stick Pilot Oil M

In Heavy Lift
Solenoid
39
The stick circuit can be equipped with a boom lowering control valve (or load control valve),
which is attached directly to each of the boom cylinders. For 325D and 300D MH (material
handlers), these machines are equipped with two cylinders, with lowering control valves for
each cylinder.
When the machine is equipped with a lowering control valve, the drift reduction valve is not
required.
The schematic above shows the lowering control valve and the stick circuit control valves in
NEUTRAL. Both pumps are destroked.
NOTE: Operation of the stick lowering control valve is similar to the boom lowering
valve. The stick regen valve will also affect the stick in operations of the stick circuit.
Refer to the cutaway illustrations of the boom lowering control valves shown earlier in
the presentation as needed.
08/08 Implements
STICK LOWERING CONTROL VALVE GROUP
NEUTRAL STICK OUT STICK IN WITH

REGENERATION
Line Relief and Check Line Relief and Check Line Relief and Check
Makeup Valve Valve Makeup Valve Valve Makeup Valve Valve
Boom Lowering Boom Lowering

Control Valve Control Valve
Spool Spool
Manual
Stick Control Lower Stick Control Stick Control
Valve Valve Valve
Stick In Stick In Stick In

Pilot Pilot Pilot
Stick Control Stick Control Stick Control

Valve Valve Valve
40
The components of the stick lowering control valve are much the same as for the boom
lowering control valve and include:
- rod end line relief and makeup valve
- check valve: which provides as the similar function
- stick lowering control valve spool
- manual lower
These components provide a similar function as they did on the boom lowering control valve.
When no stick function is performed the stick lowering control valve is in NEUTRAL. In
NEUTRAL no oil flows to or from the boom cylinders, and the boom does not move.
08/08 Implements
In NEUTRAL, the check valve is seated by the combination of the spring force and the high
pressure oil in the rod end of the stick cylinder. The lowering control valve spool is seated by
spring force.
The boom lowering control valves have no effect on the flow of oil to/from the rod end of the
boom cylinders.
NOTE: Manual lower may be done differently depending on the lowering control
valves used. Some machines may have a manual lowering valve separate from the
lowering control valves.
When STICK OUT is performed the lowering control valve allows oil to pass from the main
control valve, through the check valve, and to the rod end of the stick cylinder.
High pressure oil from the main control valve enters the lowering control valve. As the supply
pressure increases, the check valve opens and allows oil to flow to the rod end of the stick
cylinder. The boom lowering control valve spool remains seated due to spring force.
For STICK IN, pilot pressure is required to unseat the lowering control valve spool to allow
return oil from the rod end of the stick cylinder to return to the main control valve group.
Depending on how high the pilot pressure is will determine whether the lowering control valve
fully shifts or partially shifts.
Depending on the position of the stick and how slow or fast of a STICK IN is being done, will
determine whether the regen valve is open or closed, as well as whether the unloading valve
shifts.
- For a metered STICK IN, the regen valve and unload valve are closed.
- For a fast STICK IN the regen valve will shift and allow return oil from the rod end to be
used as additional supply oil for the head end of the cylinder.
- If the pressure increase in the head end is high enough, the unloading valve will shift and
the return oil from the rod end will flow through the unloading valve to the tank.
During STICK in the check valve remains closed.

08/08 Implements

BUCKET CLOSE
Bucket
Cylinder
Bucket
NFC
Orifice Main
Relief

Solenoid
Swing / Stick Boom / Bucket Pilot Pump
Drive Pump
AEC Pressure
Switch
Pilot Manifold
41
Bucket Circuit
The bucket circuit control valve operates as previously discussed. Two line relief valves and
makeup valves are used to protect the lines from high pressures.
The bucket is only supplied by the drive pump. Pilot oil from the joystick is directed to the
bucket control valve to shift the control spool.
When the control spool shifts, the NFC signal to the drive pump is reduced and the pump
upstrokes to provide flow.
For BUCKET CLOSE, the return oil from the rod end of the cylinder is restricted by the
control spool to control the bucket speed.
08/08 Implements
Boom
Cylinder
Snubber Snubber
Stick
Cylinder
Bucket
Cylinder
42
Cylinders
The boom, stick, and bucket use dual acting cylinders. The boom has a snubber for the rod
end, while the stick uses snubbers on the rod and head end.
Snubbers slow the speed of the cylinder as the cylinder reaches the end of the cylinder stroke.
08/08 Implements
SNUBBER OPERATION Passage Snubber
BOOM AND STICK CYLINDER

EXTENDING ROD
Snubber Passage
STICK CYLINDER
RETRACTING ROD
43
As the boom or stick cylinder moves to the end of the extension stroke, oil in the passage will
be restricted by the snubber, which will slow the extension of the cylinder.
As the stick cylinder moves to the end of the retraction stroke oil in the passage will be
restricted by the snubber, which will slow the retraction of the cylinder.
08/08 Implements
44
CONCLUSION
This presentation has provided information for the 320D-336D Caterpillar Hydraulic
Excavators.
This section of the presentation covered the boom, stick, and bucket circuits.
When used in conjunction with the service manual, the information in this package should
permit the technician to do a thorough job of analyzing a problem in these systems.
For service repairs, adjustments, and maintenance, always refer to the Operation and
Maintenance Manual, Service Manuals, and other related service publications.

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SERV1852-02

GLOBAL SERVICE LEARNING

320D-336D HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS -

Service Training Meeting Guide

Estimated Time: 1 1/2 Hours

The exceptions are as follows:

Swing Motor Travel Motors

Main Control Valve Group

MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Boom

Heavy Lift Idler Pump

The boom circuit consists of the following major components:

Port A Port B CONTROL VALVE

MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Heavy Lift Idler Pump

BOOM 1 CONTROL VALVE

Load NFC Signal

MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Heavy Lift Idler Pump

BOOM 1 CONTROL VALVE

MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Heavy Lift Idler Pump

MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Heavy Lift Idler Pump

BOOM 1 CONTROL VALVE

Load Check Head End Rod End

BOOM REGENERATION VALVE

High Boom Down BOOM REGENERATION VALVE

BOOM DRIFT REDUCTION VALVE

To Boom Cylinders Lock Check

Line Relief Valve Line Relief Shuttle

- lock check valve

- line relief valve

BOOM DRIFT REDUCTION VALVE

From Boom Cylinders

Line Relief Valve Line Relief Shuttle

The boom lowering control valves serve several purposes:

Boom Cylinder Head End

Boom Orifice Opposite

- boom head end line relief

- boom lowering control valve spool

Boom Up Pilot Idler

Both pumps are destroked.

Boom Cylinder Head End

BOOM CIRCUIT WITH LOWERING Cont rol Valve

Boom Up Pilot Idler

BOOM LOWER SLOW (METERED)

Boom Cylinder Head End

The check valve remains closed.

BOOM CIRCUIT WITH LOWERING Cont rol Valve

Boom Up Pilot Idler

The boom 2 spool does not shift.

Boom Up Pilot Idler

The check valve remains closed.

Boom Up Pilot Idler

MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

NFC Stick Stick 1

The stick circuit consists of the following major components:

- stick regeneration valve

- stick unloading valve

- stick lowering control valves (not shown)

- stick drift reduction valve

MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Boom

NFC Stick Stick 1

STICK DRIFT REDUCTION VALVE

STICK DRIFT REDUCTION VALVE