Republic of the Philippines

Pangasinan State University

Urdaneta City Campus
School of Advance Studies

Mark Joseph N. Cometa

Doctor of Education-Major in Educational Management
EDF 304- Perspective of Education 2

1. What are your Perspective in teaching as a secondary teacher?

I have been in the service for almost half a decade teaching secondary students at Don
Alipio Fernandez Sr. Integrated School. I was tasked to teach Science from Grade 7-10. It seems
to be a tough responsibility but I took it a challenge as an educator with my own perspective in
teaching.

TRANSMISSION: Effective teaching requires a substantial commitment to the content

or subject matter. Effective teaching means having mastery of the subject matter or content.
Teachers primary responsibilities are to represent the content accurately and efficiently.
Learners responsibilities are to learn that content in its authorized or legitimate forms. Effective
teachers take learners systematically through tasks leading to content mastery: providing clear
objectives, adjusting the pace of lecturing, making efficient use of class time, clarifying
misunderstandings, answering questions, providing timely feedback, correcting errors, providing
reviews, summarizing what has been presented, directing students to appropriate resources,
setting high standards for achievement and developing objective means of assessing learning.
Effective teachers are enthusiastic about their content and convey that enthusiasm to their
students. For many learners, effective teachers are passionate presenters of their content.

Effective teaching of the content of the subject matter to the students is the main goal of
every teacher. Being a Science teacher in a small school with only a limited resources and tools
in teaching to be used, it is a big challenge on my part on how to impart to my students the
competencies they need to attain in every topic we have. In order to achieve this perspective, I
tried to localize and contextualized the lesson and the materials to be used in teaching Science
without sacrificing the competencies to be attained by the students. Through this, I can assure
that my student will be able to gain the enough knowledge, skills and attitudes they need to
possess.

APPRENTICESHIP: Effective teaching is a process of socializing students into new

behavioral norms and professional ways of working. Effective teachers are highly skilled
practitioners of what they teach. Whether they are in classrooms or in clinical settings, effective
teachers are recognized for their professional knowledge and expertise. Effective teachers take
time to reveal the inner workings of their skilled performance and translate that into language
that is meaningful and accessible to learners. They also give students an opportunity to be
involved in the work through an ordered set of tasks which usually proceed from simple to
complex, allowing for different points of entry depending upon the learners capability. Effective
teachers within this perspective know what their learners can do on their own and where they
need guidance and direction; they engage each learner within his or her zone of development.
As learners mature and become more competent, the role of a teacher changes; they offer less
direction and give more responsibility as students progress from dependent learners to
independent workers.
 As the saying goes; The function of a leader is to produce more leaders, not more
followers. I always believe that there is something on every students where we, teachers, need
to discover. During my classroom discussions in Science, I usually used discovery method in
teaching. Through this, students are more exposed in practical learning most specially in
teaching Science. Hands-on learning is one of the best methods in imparting Science concepts to
the students.

DEVELOPMENTAL: Effective teaching must be planned and conducted from the

learners point of view. From this perspective, effective teachers must understand how their
learners think and reason about the content to be learned. The primary goal is to help learners
develop increasingly complex and sophisticated cognitive structures related to the content. The
key to changing those cognitive structures lies in a combination of two skills: (1) teaching that
engages learners with content while also challenging them to move from relatively simple to
more complex forms of thinking, and (2) parking their own answers in order to allow learners
time to construct their own understanding of the content. Questions, problems, cases, and
examples form bridges that these teachers use to transport learners from simpler ways of thinking
and reasoning to new, more complex and sophisticated forms of reasoning. It is crucial,
particularly in the initial stages of learning, within this perspective, that teachers adapt their
professional knowledge to learners levels of understanding and ways of thinking.

Learners learn in various ways. As Edward Gardner said, Learners learn in multiple
ways. Teachers must be able to adjust on every learner they faced because learners learn in
different ways from each other. The best way for a person to learn depends on the person, of
course. It is well known that people have different learning styles that work best for them. The
best approach for an instructor to take is to address a variety of learning styles with their teaching
plan. It is also helpful to encourage students to understand their preferred learning style. By the
time students reach the college level it is often assumed that they have figured out the best and
most productive way to study to retain information. Of course, this is not a correct assumption.
Teachers should make students aware of the various learning styles and encourage them to
consider their preferred style as they complete their studies.

NURTURING: Effective teaching assumes that long-term, hard, persistent effort to

achieve comes from the heart as much as it does from the head. Within this perspective, teachers
believe that people become motivated and productive learners when the standards for
achievement are clear and accompanied by a balance of academic and emotional support.
Effective teachers, therefore, create a learning environment that provides challenging yet
supportive conditions in which learners feel a sense of control over their education, work
collaboratively with others, believe their work will be considered fairly and honestly, and receive
feedback in advance of any high stakes judgement of their efforts.

Within this perspective, effective teachers do not lower their standards; nor do they
excuse learners from doing what is required. Rather, effective teachers help learners set
challenging but achievable goals, reinforce effort as well as achievement, and acknowledge
individual growth as well as absolute achievement as might be indicated on standardized
examinations. They believe strongly that learning is diminished when the learners self-concept
is threatened.

SOCIAL REFORM: Effective teaching seeks to change society in substantive ways.

Teachers in this perspective are concerned with changing the social norms of society or a
profession. From this perspective, effective teachers awaken students to values and ideologies
that are embedded in texts and common practices within their discipline or profession. It is the
teachers responsibility to challenge the status quo and encourage students to consider how they
are positioned and constructed within particular discourses and practices. To do so, teachers help
learners analyze and deconstruct common practices for ways in which such practices perpetuate
conditions that are unacceptable.

Students are encouraged to adopt a critical view in order to take social action to improve
their own lives and the lives of others. Critical deconstruction, though central to this view, is not
an end in itself. The goal is not just to learn about the world, but to change it.

2. What are your expectations in the class?

My expectations for this subject are that I would be able to learn everything that is
needed in this subject and that I would likewise be able to make use of them in the future. I am
also expecting that the professor is kind and understanding, but not in a way that would warrant
him spoon-feeding but instead would really utilize effective teaching methods that would both
engage us to do our best and lead us to learning without being overly strict.

I expect that the activities and discussions wouldnt be too hard and would be finished
well given enough preparation and study. I expect that taking up this subject would inculcate
values and knowledge to me and the rest of the class. I expect that the work well do would be
fruitful and would form camaraderie alongside the pursuit of knowledge as regards the subject. I
expect that before we do our activities, the professor would give us adequate instructions and tips
so that we could do them without much ado