Spie Hse Training

BASIC HSE TRAINING
TOTAL E&P YEMEN, July 2007
Ludovic ROUGEAN 16/07/07 BASIC HSE TRAINING
SCHEDULE OF THE WEEK
INTRODUCTION TO HSE
RISK ASSESSMENT
INVESTIGATION / REPORTING
PERMIT TO WORK / LOCKOUT / TAGOUT
MAIN HAZARD REVIEW
2
DEFINITIONS
HSE: Health Safety & Environment
Health and safety is a condition

free from risk of injury or threat to
our health and well-being.
It is an objective to be achieved,
not a natural state
of affairs.
3
1 1
DEFINITIONS
ACCIDENT:
An unplanned and undesired event that leads to injury,
damage or other loss.
You want to avoid it, but you do not know when it will happen,
so you have to work on potential hazards.
HAZARD:
A Hazard is a situation which poses a level of threat to life,
health, property or environment. Most hazards are dormant or
potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm, however, once a
hazard becomes 'active', it can create an emergency situation.
4
DEFINITIONS
RISK:
The likelihood that the harm from a particular hazard is realized.
The extent of the risk covers the number of people affected and
the consequences for them. Therefore risk reflects both the
likelihood and severity of the harm.
5
DEFINITIONS
RISK ASSESSMENT (Module 2)

Employers can only take action to prevent dangers and hazards if
they are aware of them however this does not mean that ignorance
can be used as a defence if the employer fails to exercise his duty
of care.
The responsible employer therefore seeks to become and remain
aware of dangers, hazards and risks by carrying out a formal risk
assessment at the place of work and thereafter monitoring the
situation on an ongoing basis.
Having identified the risks and hazards that exists action can be
taken to:
9 Eliminate them (the best option)
9 Reduce them if elimination is not possible
9 Protect against them (the last resort)
6
2 2
DEFINITIONS
REASONABLY PRACTICABLE:
The risk should be set against the effort required to remove it.
It is not reasonably practicable if the

cost of removal of risk is
disproportionately high
It is reasonably practicable if a risk

can be removed at minimal cost and
effort
7
DEFINITIONS
Major injury is the tip of the iceberg.
There are also:
Minor injury
Incident
Near miss
Anomalies
8
DEFINITIONS
What is an ANOMALY?
A Departure from Normal Conditions which has the Potential to
Lead to an Incident
Any examples ???
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3 3
Unsafe act
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Unsafe conditions
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DEFINITIONS
Any examples ???

What is a NEAR MISS?
The incidents with no injury or damage are referred to as Near

Misses and many of these incidents may have the potential for
serious injury or loss.
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4 4
DEFINITIONS
What is an ACCIDENT?
An occurrence were people have been injured, or property
damaged.
Any examples ???
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ACCIDENT
14
MOTIVATIONS FOR HSE?
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5 5
FUNDAMENTAL MISCONCEPTIONS
Frequently quoted misconceptions about health and safety are that:
accidents cannot be prevented
safety is expensive
we are insured anyway
safety takes too much time
safety is fine for other people
safety is for beginner
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ACCIDENTS CANNOT BE PREVENTED?
Acts of God
2% Unsafe Conditions
20%
Unsafe Acts
78%
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THE COST OF FAILURE
Failure to manage health and safety can result in:
prosecution, fines and imprisonment

compensation claims for damages
loss of output or service
replacement costs
delays
loss of reputation
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6 6
THE COST OF FAILURE
Insured costs:
Covering injury,
ill-health, damage
Uninsured costs:
Product and material damage, tool and equipment damage, legal costs,
expenditure on emergency supplies, cleaning site, production delays,
overtime working and temporary labour, investigation time, supervisors
time diverted, clerical effort, fines, loss of expertise/experience.

Accident OHT
19 6
THE COST OF FAILURE
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STANDARDS, PRACTICES AND

REGULATIONS
DEMANDED BY LAW / CLIENTS / PUBLIC
OSHA
OSHA was created by the US Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970, and is the
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. This body mandates various standards and
conducts mandatory inspections.
COSHH
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health regulation is the main piece of legislation covering
control of the risks to employees and other people arising from exposure to harmful substances
generated out of or in connection with any work activity under the employer's control.
BS 8800 (British standard)

BS 8800 is a guide to occupational health and safety management systems and is a first step in
helping to establish and maintain an environment that is good for both staff and business.
OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series)

This is an international occupational health and safety management system specification,
embracing BS8800, AS/NZ 4801, NSAI SR 320 and a number of other publications.
ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company)

They have developed their own standard and act as reference for local Oil & Gas companies
working in UAE.

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7 7
STANDARDS, PRACTICES AND
REGULATIONS
Any companies of more than 5 employees must have health and

safety policy.
Standards are just guidelines, company must then develop their
own HSE system that will be audited by third party company.
- Write and communicate HSE Policy
- Appoint responsibilities
- Write and communicate Procedures / Instructions
- Keep records to show evidences
- Audit our own system
- Decide corrective actions for improvement
- Plan and implement
- Measure and review performance
Keep improving !!!
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GENERAL DUTIES OF AN EMPLOYER

(HSWA, Health and Safety at Work Act)
provide safe place of work
provide safe plant and equipment
provide safe systems of work
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GENERAL DUTIES OF AN EMPLOYEE

(HSWA, Health and Safety at Work Act)
to take reasonable care
to co-operate with the employer
not to interfere with safety arrangements
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GENERAL DUTIES OF AN EMPLOYEE
To be more specific (according to Company policy):
Personal Behaviour: standard of dress, communication,

timekeeping, initiative
Hygiene: wash hands, clean clothes
Discipline: no drugs / alcohol, horseplay, disobedience of
reasonable instructions, absence without permission, sleeping
on duty, damage to company properties
Safety: must wear PPE, must report observed accidents,
incidents, near miss, must work in a way to ensure his own
safety and safety of people around
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QUIZZ
If I am injured during my work, then my employer is liable to pay me compensation.
False. The employer may be liable if their negligence can be shown to have been a cause of the
injury.
The law requires every person to be trained in the health and safety requirements of their work.
True. This is a general requirement of the HSWA and more specific requirements are laid down in
the Management Regulations.
A client can be held responsible for accidents caused by a contractor doing specialised work on their
premises.
True. The law treats a contractor as an invited guest, working on behalf of the client.
The law requires an employer to do whatever is reasonable to ensure safety.

False. Reasonable is the standard of common law. The HSWA requires a higher standard to do
what is reasonably practicable.
A factory inspector may prohibit any activity which may cause serious injury even if no law is being
broken.
True. To issue a prohibition notice they must be of the opinion that there is a risk of serious injury.
(But an improvement notice cannot be issued unless there is a breach of statutory duty.)
The law requires procedures for bomb threats, flooding or any other emergency that may arise.
True. The Management Regulations require arrangements for any situation giving rise to
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RESPONSIBILITY, CAUSES AND

CONSEQUENCES
Bill is driving his forklift down a steep slope when he discovers

that his brakes are not working.
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9 9
What could happen?
Near-miss Minor injury
Major injury Death
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Who is responsible ?
Bill was guilty of bad driving and failing to perform daily checks
(including brake checks).
The previous driver did not report the problem.
Bills supervisor did not notice the problem.
The site management failed to provide Bill with training and applied
time pressures.
The maintenance contractor did not fix the brakes properly.
The site designer put a steep slope where the forklift trucks are to be
used.
The safety officer for allowing the incident to happen.
accident is always the result of a combination of several factors,

a chain of undesirable events
To analyze this chain is called Accident Investigation (module 3)
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DOMINO EFFECT
The chain of
causation /
accidents as
failures of
management
control.
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10 10
Causes and Consequences of Accidents
Causes of accidents can be direct or indirect.

The direct cause of a train crash could be that a wire was left in place to
show the wrong instruction (signal) but indirect causes could be lack of
training, too much overtime, poor supervision, etc.
Direct causes unsafe acts, omissions, unsafe conditions, etc.
Indirect causes personal factors, skills gap, motivation, incapacity,
management, design, third parties, etc.
The consequences of accidents can also be shown as direct or indirect.

Direct consequences pain, suffering, etc.
Indirect consequences - loss of income, family problems, etc.
Remember: the result of an accident is not just confined to work; it follows
people into their homes and social life.
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11 11
MAJOR ACCIDENTS
PIPER ALPHA
How anomalies lead to accidents
The Piper Alpha Oil Platform catastrophe occurred in the North
Sea, UK in July 1988
167 people died and a billion dollar platform was totally destroyed
2
PIPER ALPHA
Platform exporting Oil & Gas to UK
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12 1
PIPER ALPHA
Anomalies and Pre-conditions:

A new compartment treating gas installed close to the control
room and the oil compartment with just a firewall in between (no
change management procedure)
4
PIPER ALPHA
Anomalies and Pre-conditions:

Platform connected to 2 other platforms
Fire protection system set to manual as divers were regularly
present close to water intake
Recent audit performed enlightening good HSE performance but
poor PTW system and emergency exercises.
Platform 1
Platform 2, Piper
Alpha
Platform 3
5
PIPER ALPHA
The Trigger:
PTW issued to remove valve of Pump A for maintenance
Removed for
maintenance
Pump A
Pump B
18:00 As workers did not get all the equipment, they get
permission to leave the work until next day. The permit to work
is returned to control room. But instead of handed over the PTW
to the person in charge, it is left on the table.
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13 2
PIPER ALPHA
The accident:
At 22:00, the pump B stops. The manager decides to activate
the pump A, not knowing the valve was removed.
Pump A Gas leak, then

explosion
Pump B
The fire walls collapse as they cannot stand the blast, control
room and radio room are damaged, the fire extends to the oil
compartment.
7
PIPER ALPHA
The worsening effects:

People are not properly trained, they dont know were to go,
communication within the platform does not work anymore. So most of
them gather at a muster point inside.
The platform 1 sees the fire, but does not know what to do. They do not
want to stop production without agreement from management on the
shore back flow fire extends
Platform 1
Still producing
Valve cannot
be operated Platform 2,
Piper Alpha
Fire system did not Back flow
work as it was shut off

Platform 3
8
PIPER ALPHA
The conclusion:
62 people survived as they jumped in the water contradicting basic
trainings !
All the others died: 167
2,8 billions $ paid to the victims families + loss of the platform + loss of
production + reputation
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14 3
TEXAS REFINERY, BP
The cost of negligence
On the 23/03/05, during the start-up of the isomerization unit
(increase octane rating), an explosion killed 15 people, injured 170
and destroyed the refinery.
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BP Texas City Refinery
Third largest U.S. refinery

Prior to January 1999 owned
by Amoco
30 process units
Produces gasoline, jet fuels,
diesel fuels, and chemical
feed stocks
1600 BP employees and
hundreds of contractors
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Incident Summary
March 23, 2005
Flammable vapor
cloud, explosions,
fire, and toxic
release
15 deaths
170 injuries
Offsite property
damage
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15 4
Incident Summary
Occurred during
startup
Tower overfilled and
overpressured
Blowdown drum
filled
Vapor cloud formed
Trailers too close to
blowdown drum
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Catalyst Temp
Storage Office
Warehouse Trailers
Line of Parked
Cars
Edge of Unit
Where cloud drifted
Damaged
Offices
Totally
Destroyed
Offices
Burnt
Cars
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Buildings with Broken Windows
N
1-mile radius
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4 3
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12 10 2
18 13 1
BP Complex
Incident
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Ludovic ROUGEAN 16/07/07 BASIC HSE TRAINING site
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Key Safety Issues
PRE-CONDITIONS
z The unit should not have been started up with existing malfunctions of the level indicator, level
alarm, and a control valve
z The raffinate splitter tower had a history of abnormal startups
z The day of the incident, an unsafe blowdown drum vented highly flammable material to the
atmosphere; the drum was never connected to a flare since its construction in the 1950s despite
several occasions
z Between 1995 and March 23, 2005, there were four other serious releases of flammable material
from the ISOM blowdown drum and stack
z In 1992 OSHA cited a similar blowdown drum and stack at the refinery as unsafe, but the citation
was dropped and the drum was not connected to a flare system
z No supervision the day of the start-up. Supervisor had family emergency. Operations personnel
did not open the tower level control valve at the time specified in the start-up procedures; the
operator did not balance the flow of hydrocarbons in and out of the tower. The procedure was not
very explicit.
z Trainings were superficial. They did not include adequate simulation of off nominal situations.
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Key Safety Issues
TRIGGER
z Car engine left running inside the plant
WORSENING EFFECT
z Trailers were placed in an unsafe location, too close to a process
unit handling highly hazardous materials
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Conclusion
z 15 died
z 170 injured
z BP had to pay US$50 million fine
z They pay US$1,6 billion to the victims
z They replace all similar blow-down drum in all their facilities
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17 6
BHOPAL
When consequences never stop
Accident occurred in Bhopal, India on the 03/12/84.
15,000 people died during the first month, 100,000 suffered
permanent light or severe injuries.
19
BHOPAL
The plant was producing a pesticide: Carbaryl.

MIC (Methyl Isocyanate was used in the process instead of less toxic
but more expensive material.
20
BHOPAL
PRE-CONDITIONS
MIC (Methyl Isocyanate) was used in the process instead of less

toxic but more expensive material.
The plant was located in a populated area (less expensive)
Due to cost cutting measures, staff was reduced and under
qualified, refrigeration unit was not functioning,
Some serious incidents already happened in the past, but safety
measures have not been re-enforced (cow poisoning, several
releases, workers injured, fires)
Few large storage tanks instead of plenty small ones
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18 7
BHOPAL
THE TRIGGER
Water entered the MIC tank Exothermic reaction
Not working for 5

months
Connections are the
same
22
BHOPAL
WORSENING FACTORS
Population and workers did not know how to behave
Doctors were not informed of treatment to provide
Alarm system has been activated then shut off to avoid panic
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Other lessons learnt
Movie 1, 2:00
- Respect procedures and process design
Movie 2, 6:41
- Understand what you are doing and manipulating
Movie 3, 11:55
- Take emergency exercise seriously, you have to be prepared and
ensure people around know what to do.
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19 8
RISK ASSESSMENT
SCHEDULE OF THE WEEK
DEFINITIONS
HOW TO REDUCE THE RISK
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK CONTROL
REPORTING (Previous modules)
2
DEFINITIONS
ACCIDENT:
An unplanned and undesired event that
leads to injury, damage or other loss.
You want to avoid it, but you do not know

when it will happen, so you have to work on
potential hazards.
HAZARD:
A Hazard is a situation which poses a level of threat to life, health,
property or environment. Most hazards are dormant or potential, with
only a theoretical risk of harm, however, once a hazard becomes
'active', it can create an emergency situation.
3
20
DEFINITIONS
RISK:
The likelihood that the harm from a particular hazard is realized. The
extent of the risk covers the number of people affected and the
consequences for them. Therefore risk reflects both the likelihood and
severity of the harm.
4
DEFINITIONS
RISK ASSESSMENT
- To determine the 2 dimensions for each hazard and decide whether
the risk is ACCEPTABLE or NOT ACCEPTABLE.
- Speaking of High and Low risk does not mean anything.
- To find mitigation and prevention measures in order to move the
risk from an UNACCEPTABLE zone to the ACCEPTABLE zone
Not acceptable
Hazard identified
5
DEFINITIONS
REASONABLY PRACTICABLE (ALARP):

The risk should be set against the effort required to remove it.
It is not reasonably practicable if the

cost of removal of risk is
disproportionately high
It is reasonably practicable if a risk

can be removed at minimal cost and
effort
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21
HOW TO REDUCE THE RISKS?
Oil & Gas sites are places where you will face high level of threat
for your life and life of your colleagues.
Your safety shall be a constant concern in your mind. You want to

come back safe to your home and see your families or your friends,
so you have to reduce the risks surrounding you and work in safe
place.
7
HOW TO REDUCE THE RISKS?
For this purpose on your day-to-day work, 4 Steps you shall follow:
1.Hazard Identification
What are the hazards?
2.Risk Assessment
Is the hazard acceptable or not? Is it reasonably practicable?
3.Risk Control
If the hazard is not acceptable, what can I do reduce the risk linked to
this hazard so it will become acceptable?
4.Reporting & Communication
I am not working alone, I must inform people around me, so they will
not be hurt and people around will inform me as well. We learn from
others. If an accident occurred, I must understand what happened.
HSE is first of all: COMMUNICATION !!!
8
- This is the first step before starting any work. Thinking before acting.
- What are the hazards present around me?
Whats
wrong ?
9
22
WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN WORKING

ENVIRONMENT ???
- OFFICE ?
- SITE ???
10
FIRE
ELECTRICITY
TRANSPORTATION
TRIP HAZARDS
NATURAL PHENOMENOM
POLITICAL CRISIS Office + Site
DUST / ALLERGY
STRESS
MANUAL HANDLING Health
ERGONOMICS
FOOD / HYGIENE
H2S
CHEMICAL
CONFINED SPACE
ROTATING / CUTTING EQUIPMENT
VIBRATING EQUIPMENT
WORKING AT HEIGHT Site
NOISE
HEAT STRESS
ELECTRIC ARC / FLAME
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
PRESSURE
EXPLOSION
11
RISK ASSESSMENT
- Is the risk acceptable or not ?
Not acceptable
Hazard identified
I can not work !!!
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23
What is the risk?
13
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK ASSESSMENT FORM
Formal way to assess risks (to remain in your mind if not on the paper)
Activity/plant/ Persons in Severity Likelihood Measures/

No. Hazard Rate Result*
materials, etc Danger 14 14 Comment
* Key to Result T = Trivial risk A = Adequately controlled N = Not adequately controlled U Unable to decide. Further information required.
14
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX
15
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16
Risk Assessment Exercise
Activity and Hazards involved ?

People at risk ?
Likelihood assessment
Severity assessment
Rating = Likelihood x Severity
Acceptable ?
If no: Control measures ?
Re-assessment
Acceptable ?

17
RISK CONTROL
RISK CONTROL :
- How to reduce the risk to become acceptable?
Hazard
? identified
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25
RISK CONTROL
RISK CONTROL : PREVENTION
TECHNICAL
Can the Hazard be removed or substituted ?
Can the Activity be eliminated ? Is it really necessary ?
If the Activity is required, can its frequency be reduced ?
Can the scale of exposure of our assets to the Hazard be reduced ? I.e. number of people, number of units, volume
of material, etc.
Can the design or ergonomics be improved to remove or reduce human/environmental exposure to the Hazard ?
PROCEDURAL
Are standards defined to address this Risk ?
Is appropriate competence assurance in place ?
Are procedures and/or work instructions in place as applicable ?
Would a checklist be useful ?
BEHAVORIAL
Are systematic inspections completed ?
Are systematic Unsafe Act audits completed ?
Are Observations completed ?
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RISK CONTROL
RISK CONTROL : MITIGATION
TECHNICAL
Safety Guards, safety nets, bunds, /berms, catch-alls, rollcages in place ?
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Spill Kits, First Aid kits, eye wash stations, etc
Restraints, safety lines, etc
Alarms, detector, sirens
PROCEDURAL
Emergency Response Plans
Emergency response training
Emergency response drills
Signs, posters
Checklists
BEHAVORIAL
Inspection and testing of equipment and PPE
Unsafe Act Auditing
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26
REPORTING
MODULE 3
1
REMINDER
On your day-to-day work, 4 Steps you shall follow:

1. Risk Identification
2. Risk Assessment
3. Risk Control
4. Reporting / Communication
2
REPORTING
Any employees is responsible of 2 kind of reporting:
Anomalies / Near Misses
Accidents / Incidents Investigation
Whos who?
3
27
REPORTING
REPORTING: Reactive Method

- If I identify unsafe situation I must report it to take corrective actions
Correction / Corrective ?
Correction = short term solution
Corrective = long term solution
I definitively solve the problem
I inform others so if they meet such situations they know how to act properly
(= I keep records)
- Most of the accidents happen when risk assessment has not been carried
out properly. If an accident happens once it shall not re-happen again.
4
REPORTING:
Anomaly / Near Miss Identification
USA 1969 Serious or Disabling Injury

1
Statistics by Mr BIRD
Minor Injuries
based on 10
1.8 Million accidents
Damage Accidents
which occurred in 30
21 different activities Accidents with no Injury or
600 Damage the Near Miss Accidents
(3x109 man-hours)
UNSAFE ACTS AND
CONDITIONS
FAILURES, ERRORS...
If 600 near misses are identified and

corrected, 1 major accident is avoided !!! 5
REPORTING:
DOMINO EFFECT
The chain of
causation /
accidents as
failures of
management
control.
6
28
REPORTING:
CHAIN OF EVENTS
7
REPORTING :
Note: Accidents and near misses have basically

the same causes,
what makes the difference is the

actual damage severity.
It depends on :
worsening factors
effectiveness of protective measures
and luck
8
REPORTING :
You have to fill

Observation Cards
whenever and
wherever you observe
a near miss or an
anomaly.
Its your duty !
9
29
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS NEED YOUR
ACTIVE PARTICIPATION
ACT
YOU ARE THE ONE IN CHARGE
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11
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30
REPORTING :
Accident Investigation
There are three major reasons why all accidents should be reported:
Accidents should be reported because it is a legal requirement. More

serious accidents requiring time off work (more than 3 days) are reported
to the authorities for investigation and for their statistics.
Accidents should be reported to prevent accidents because lessons can

be learned from each accident. By understanding the root causes of
some of the minor accidents some of the major ones can be eliminated
before people get hurt.
Accidents should be reported in order to identify trends. For example, if

you cut your finger on a door handle and do not report it then the fact that
nine other people have experienced the same accident after you will be
an accident that could have been prevented.
13
REPORTING :
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS FOLLOWING ANY ACCIDENTS
To take pictures immediately after the accident

To interview employees injured, witnesses and supervisors (to record full
names, contact numbers, position, employer name, backgrounds,
qualifications) and get precise chronology of the events prior to, and
following the accident
To get CVs and background of people involved in the accident.
To gather faulty equipment (if any)
To get, if permitted by the client, maximum objective evidences such as
authorization signed, permit to work, procedures, certificates,
accreditation,
To get the organization chart of the structure
14
REPORTING :
Accident Investigation (analyse of the root causes)
FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA)
DEFINITION:
It is a deductive analysis method that begins with an undesirable event and
then attempts to determine the root causes of this event. FTA is a simple and
powerful investigation tool to analyze accidents and take appropriate corrective
actions to avoid reappearance.
REQUIREMENTS:
To be done the soonest possible after the accident

To build a team with witnesses, client and subcontractor representatives (the
representatives must have a proper technical background pertaining to the
accident type)
The fault tree analysis must be factual
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REPORTING :
To start by the last undesirable fact

Ex: Employee burnt on the face
To ask the following questions for each fact and get the immediate causes:
1 - What happened just before to get this fact ?
2 - Is it necessary ?
3 - Is it sufficient ?
To check
When we follow the tree from the root causes to the last undesirable fact we should follow a
logical way: one fact or a combination of facts resulting necessarily in the next fact
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REPORTING :
Electrical flashover
in the cubicle
Employee burnt
He was working
in the cubicle on the face
Wearing a mask was not required

by the standard procedures He was not wearing Undesirable fact
a mask
No risk assessment performed
prior to this specific job
First causes
Root causes
Working direction: from the events to the root causes
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REPORTING :
THE ACTION PLAN
The fault tree analysis and the interviews will enlighten the lacks or
failures in the system.
All these findings shall be recorded and discussed in a meeting in order
to propose corrections and avoid reappearance of such event.
The action plan shall precise target dates and pilots
The action plan shall be signed by all parties
A regular follow-up of the action plan shall be performed by all parties
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Example of corrective action
19
REPORTING :
Electrical Flash, Oman, 2005, Employee burnt on the face
20
COMMUNICATION
HSE is first of all matter of communication. It improves through

lessons learnt. An accident could happens once somewhere, but shall
not happen anywhere a second time!!!
Main tools for communication:

HSE Board in the office entrance (to regularly look at it)
Safety Feedback / Lessons learnt (to carefully read them)
ToolBox Talks (to participate to all of them to share point of views)
Others:
- Website / Newsletters / HSE Passport /
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PERMIT TO WORK
MODULE 4
1
PERMIT TO WORK DEFINITION
PTW is a formal written and authorising document:

Approved by management,
Describing the work to be carried on
Identifying the potential hazards or interacting activities that can
take place
Specifying the requirement, precautions requested to work in
safe condition
2
PERMIT TO WORK PURPOSE
To ensure:
All work activities, hazards and precautions are defined prior to
the execution of the work
Proper planning and consideration
Communication between installation management, supervisors
and operators and those who carry out the work.
Monitoring and auditing to ensure safe system of works.
3
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PERMIT TO WORK PURPOSE
Remember :
This is a legal document.
document.
When you sign it,
you can be held responsible
if something goes wrong
4
What work requires Permit?
Mis-conception that the PTW system should control all of the work carried out at
a facility can lead to an overload of the PTW system, which prevents proper
attention given to activities with a higher hazard potential.
1. PTW is appropriate to non-routine activities which may require some form of Job
Safety Analysis prior to work commencing.
2. PTW is required for Maintenance work carried out by plant operators.
3. Use a PTW when two or more groups of people (different trades), need to co-
ordinate their activities to ensure that their work is completed safely.
5
Types of Main Permit
Hot Work Permit

Cold Work Permit
Isolation Certificate
Excavation Certificate
In complement of
Vehicle / Equipment Entry Certificate Hot and Cold
permit
Confined Space Entry Certificate
Certificates are Not Permits!!

They are Added to Permit to Confirm Isolation status of an Equipment
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35
What is a Hot Work?
Any work involving equipment giving rise to a Definite source of ignition, such as:
use of equipment for oxy-acetylene burning,
gas welding, electric-arc welding,
propane torch heating and burning,
grinding or use of a hot-air gun.
Any work involving, or giving rise to, a Potential source of ignition, such as:
using non-certified electrical equipment not controlled by an Electrical Permit (e.g.
power tools etc)
grit-blasting
work on non-intrinsically safe equipment
spray painting
7
What is a Cold Work?
Any task, or the use of any tool or equipment that will not produce a source of ignition. Such as:
use of tools for erection, dismantling and cleaning, which are not liable to produce sparks,
Pressure testing of plant and equipment
Disconnection or opening up of any closed pipeline or vessel
Spading and de-spading of hydrocarbon line
Chemical cleaning
Handling of hazardous substances, e.g. radioactive source, toxic / corrosive chemicals,
asbestos, etc
8
Confined Space Entry Definition
Any
Any work
work involving
involving the
the need
need to
to enter
enter aa
confined
confined space
space such
such asas tanks,
tanks, towers,
towers,
separators,
separators, drums,
drums, furnaces,
furnaces, pipes,
pipes,
sumps,
sumps, drains
drains and
and excavations
excavations over
over 44
feet
feet in
in depth.
depth.
9
36
Excavation Definition
Any
Any work
work involving
involving the
the need
need to
to dig
dig aa
hole,
hole, trench
trench or
or foundation.
foundation. (A (A
Confined
Confined Space
Space Entry
Entry Certificate
Certificate
may
may also
also be
be required)
required)
10
Isolation Definition
Any
Any work
work involving
involving the
the need
need to
to
isolate
isolate plant
plant and
and equipment
equipment toto
protect
protect against
against the
the hazards
hazards of
of the
the
system
system oror process.
process.
11
Vehicle / Equipment Entry Definition
Any
Any work
work involving
involving the
the
entry
entry into
into aa known
known
hazardous
hazardous area
area of
of aa
vehicle
vehicle oror plant
plant
equipment.
equipment.
12
37
Emergencies
In
In the
the event
event of
of an
an emergency
emergency or or plant
plant upset
upset all
all permits
permits are
are
suspended
suspended until
until the
the all
all clear
clear is
is announced.
announced.
The permits must be re-validated before work resumes.
The permits must be re-validated before work resumes.
13
Procedure
INITIATION / PREPARATION OF PERMIT TO WORK
LIST OF EXTERNAL REQUIREMENTS SUCH AS: SAFETY

EQUIPMENT, STATUS OF PLANT, NEED FOR
COMPLEMENTARY PERMITS ETC.
PERMIT AUTHORISATION, ISSUE AND ACCEPTANCE FOR

WORK TO START
REVALIDATION AT THE START OF EACH SHIFT
PERMIT CANCELLATION ON COMPLETION OF WORK
14
Procedure
15
38
Responsibilities
Contractor Foreman
He is in charge of the work performance. He is present on the installation or in the
immediate vicinity for the entire duration of the work.
Operating Authority
The Operating Authority is directly responsible for acceptance of permits at the planning
stage for operations of which he is in charge.
Performing Authority
TOTAL E&P YEMEN personnel authorized to carry out works on TOTAL E&P YEMEN
installation. He is responsible to initiate Work Permit under his trade supervision.
Requestor
Performing Authority, TOTAL E&P YEMEN personnel, in charge to initiate the Work Permit
process.
RSES
Site Safety & Environment Manager.
Safety Watcher (SW)

For specific hazardous tasks, or for coordinating the interference between multiple tasks, a
Safety Watcher is nominated by the RSES (or RSESD). He may be a TOTAL E&P YEMEN
staff or a contractor staff but in any case he is experienced regarding the on-going
operations. He is entitled to stop the works whenever a HSE problem occurs.
16
PTW is all about
9 Planning the tasks

9 Responsibilities (Authorisation Supervision)
9 Understanding jobs
9 Hazards and Control Measures
9 Communication
9 Briefing
9 Implementation
9 Verification
17
39
LOCKOUT / TAGOUT
MODULE 5
1
Purpose
The purpose of lockout/tagout/verify is to prevent energy from

accidentally being released while a machine or equipment is being
serviced.
The ultimate goal of lockout/tagout/verify is to protect the safety and

health of employees.
Secondary is the protection of equipment from damage.
2
General
Procedures and color code will vary, depending upon whether the
source of hazardous energy is electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic,
mechanical, thermal or chemical, and how many employees are
affected.
Employees have to be aware of the procedure on site
3
40
De-energizing equipment
1. Complete the Permit To Work procedure with the Isolation

Certificate
2. Notify all "affected employees" that the equipment will be
shut down.
3. Shut down the equipment by normal stopping procedures.
4. "Isolate" all the equipment's energy sources.
5. Lock out and/or tagout the energy isolating devices with assigned,
individual locks.
6. Release or restrain any stored energy by grounding, blocking, bleeding
down, etc.
7. Assure that no personnel are exposed, then test the equipment to
assure that it will not operate.
4
Restoring Equipment to Service
1. Check to assure that all employees have been safely positioned or

removed from the area.
2. Verify that equipment controls are in neutral.
3. Remove lockout devices and/or tags and re-energize the machine
or equipment.
4. Notify affected employees that servicing is complete and the
equipment is ready for use.
5. Complete PTW procedure.
5
41
Personal Protective Equipment
MODULE 6
1

General Safety Equipment
Overalls
Helmet
Safety Shoes / Boots
Safety glasses
- Sun
- Electric Arc
2
Specific Safety Equipment

Gloves
Ear Protection
Safety Goggles
BA Set
Face Visor
Harness
Gas detector

3
42
Different types of gloves for different uses
Chemical Gloves
Rigging Gloves
Welding
Gloves
4
Hearing Protectors
To be used if noise >85 dB or sign present on site
Ear Plugs - preferred (NRR* 20-30 dB)

Ear Muffs - 2nd choice (NRR 15-30 dB)
Double Hearing Protectors (plugs and muffs) (NRR 30-40 dB) used
for levels over 115 dB
(*NRR = Noise Reduction Rating - an approximate decibel reduction provided by the
protector in lab conditions. Subtract 7 dB for approximate real world attenuation)
5
43
SIGNS
MODULE 7
1
Prohibitory signs
Prohibitory signs are round and predominantly red

and white. They mean that you MUST NOT do
something. The following is an example.
No smoking

Induction OHT2 1
Warning signs
Warning signs are triangular in shape and are yellow and

black. They warn of a specific danger through displaying a
picture, eg industrial vehicles. They may also display an
exclamation mark with written details of the particular
danger below. The following are examples.
Industrial vehicles Flammable material or

high temperature

Induction OHT3 2
44
Mandatory signs
Mandatory signs are round and are always blue and white. It
is obligatory to do what the sign specifies, eg wear ear
protection. The following is an example.
Ear protection must be worn

Induction OHT4 3
Emergency/First-aid signs
These signs are usually rectangular and square-shaped and are
always green and white. They give information for emergencies,
eg about escape routes and first-aid facilities. The following are
examples.
Emergency exit/Escape route First-aid post

Induction OHT5 4
Fire-fighting signs
These signs are rectangular or square-shaped and are red and

white. They give details of fire equipment. The following is an
example.
Fire extinguisher

Induction OHT6 5
45
FIRE FIGHTING
MODULE 8
1
The three elements of fire
If you remove just one them No Fire !!!

2
Sources of ignition (1)
3
46
Sources of ignition (2)
4
5
FIRE FIGHTING
ONLY 3 REASONS TO FIGHT FIRE:

A very small starting fire
You need to clear your way
You need to clear the way of someone else
6
47
FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE FIGHTING:
7
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIRES
ESSENTIAL TO KNOW ABOUT FIRES:
4 types of fire: Class A, B, C, D
Class A: Ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth
Class B: Flammable liquids such as gasoline, paint, oil
Class C: Electrical fire
Class D: Metal fire
8
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXTINGUISHERS
ESSENTIAL TO KNOW ABOUT EXTINGUISHERS:

Several types of extinguishers:
CO2, Foam, Dry Powder, Halon, Water
Each of them can extinguish only specific fires:
CO2: fire class B, C, D (!!! CO2 is freezing when depressurized !!!)
Foam: fire class A, B, D (!!! Never on electrical fire !!!)
Powder: fire class A, B, C, D
Extinguishers need to be inspected every year
9
48
Some of the procedures and controls that can
act on fire prevention
Improve housekeeping methods and keep combustible materials away from sources
of ignition.
Check electrical appliances for signs of damage, wear and tear and overheating,
especially the mains lead.
Make sure appliance plugs have the correct fuse.
Keep all flammable materials stored safely away when not in use.
Check that visitors and contractors obey site rules and are aware of fire risks.
Keep doors and windows shut to prevent the spread of fire.
Do not prop open fire doors or interfere with fire extinguishers and fire hoses.
Always use chemical substances as indicated and dispose of remains properly.
Ensure premises are secure against unauthorised entry and possible arson attack.
Prepare a fire action plan in case a fire does occur.
The above list is not an exhaustive list and could be added to, dependent on the
circumstances
10
49
ELECTRICITY
MODULE 9
1
DANGERS OF ELECTRICITY
The main dangers of electricity are:
electric shock
electric burns
fire (and possibly explosion)

Electricity OHT 1b
2
THE BASIC CHECKS
Am I working alive? (= current circulating)
Are there signs of damage to the casing or cable?
the outer covering of the cable is securely gripped

where it enters the plug.
Im using compatible plugs with earth on them.
Im using compatible plugs size with proper appliance, or Im not putting too many
appliances on the same plug.
Am I isolated from the ground (ex: bare foot)? Is there humidity or water close to
the plug?
3
50
FIRST AID
Don't touch him/her !!!
Unplug the appliance or turn off the power at the control panel.
Call the Emergency number, indicate the precise location.

Do not hang up before being told to do so.
Is the victim conscious ? If not, try to awake him/her !! (speak loudly, pain)
If the victim remains un-conscious: CPR for first-aiders otherwise loosen the tie, the collar,
the belt and put him/her on the side to free airways and allow drainage of fluids.
CPR: 30/2, always use a resuscitation mask if not relatives.
Use gloves if the victim is bleeding (Protect yourself first !!!)
Dont touch burns, break blisters, or remove burned clothing.
Electrical shock may cause burns inside the body, so be sure the person is taken to a doctor.
4
Do and Dont - Electrical Safety
No!
Do not pull the power cord! Do not touch a naked wire

it could be energised!
5
No!
No!
Do not replace a fuse Protect electrical equipment

Report to the electrician when cleaning!
6
51
No!
DIY No!
Guide
No Water on electrical fire! Not trained? Dont open

Use CO2 extinguishers! electrical equipment!
7

No!
No!
Never leave equipment Never leave extension

energised, even for a wire connected
short time!
8
Yes!
No!
The good reaction: Do not touch broken

Cut the power! electrical lines!
9
52
NO No!
SMOKING
No!
Do not enter hazardous

area with unprotected Do not pull on electrical
portable lights wires!
10

ells g!
Sm rnin
bu
Refer to the electrician Report any problem

in case of problem (smell, etc..)
11
No!
Protect electrical wires

Dont open electrical Dont do anything that
cabinets! could damage them
12
53
No!
Beware of live electrical lines.

Make sure no metal enters in contact!
13
No!
Protect yourself from electrical cables before any work!
14
54
TRANSPORTATION
MODULE 10
1
DRIVING
Accidents are caused by threats created by

(In order of importance):
The driver
The other road users
The roads and the environment
The transport operation
The vehicle and its load/passengers
2
What to focus on
Do not drink alcohol or do not take any drugs prior to driving

Check your tyres (flat or worn)
Check your lights
Put always your belt
Adjust properly your seat
Check rear-view mirror and wing view mirror
Keep safe distance with previous vehicle
Do not use your mobile while driving
Go to the maintenance whenever required
3
55
Did you know?
When driving on a road that is new to you:

- You eyes tend to scan the road from left to right which is an excellent driving
habit.
- We tend not to scan when in familiar territory.
How closely can you safely follow another car?
- We tend to follow based on how much of the road we can see
A long hood causes us to follow at a greater distance (since you have to look over
the hood to see the street).
Drivers with shorter hoods tend to follow more closely
- Use the 2 or 4 second rule
Good driving conditions, keep a 2 second distance behind
Poor driving conditions, keep a 4 second distance behind
4
56
MANUAL HANDLING
MODULE 11
1
Important to know
)25% to 30% of All

Injuries as well as
22000 Back Injuries
Have Been Reported to
Be Due to Manual
Handling!
2
MANUAL HANDLINGS
Main points:
Keep your back straight
Keep your head upright
Keep arms close to the body
Do not twist your body
Use your legs to lift up, not your back
Good Practice
To avoid
3
57
Guidelines for lifting and lowering

Handling OHT4 2
Keep in mind all that you can do

with your hands
5
Hand injuries can be very bad
6
58
7
Hands : most exposed part of

human body
Other Eye Back

4% 7% Feet
7%
7% Arm
Leg 19%
15%
Head
15%
45%
Hand
26%
From TOTAL
injuries records
8
Daily work Potential for hand injuries
Hand injuries often happen during one of the

following activities:
Handling and lifting activities

Drilling and Marine activities
Construction & maintenance activities
Electrical work
Using Hand tools
Working with rotating machinery
Handling of chemical products
Working on hot engine, frozen pipe
Working in the kitchen
etc etc.
9
59
Remember : You can prevent hand accidents
Most accidents can be avoided with simple common
sense precautions:
Wear your Personal Protective Equipment.
Be professional: you have been trained to work safely, just do it
Use your common sense
Look carefully at your work environment prior to starting the job
10
Wear the proper gloves
11
Remember
Risk assessment takes only 5 minutes

Injuring your hand can cause permanent damage
No job is worth a hand
12
60
CHEMICAL HAZARD (COSHH)
MODULE 12
1
Effects of Hazardous Substances
The range of hazardous substances is not limited to the obvious, but

includes many everyday items often taken for granted such as gloss paint,
flour and even water.
Examples:
Solvents: de-fat the skin leading to skin disease and dermatitis.

Acids: burns the skin
Flour: can lead to asthma
Asbestos: can lead to lung cancer
Lead: causes poisoning (lead is not always in metal form)
Water: can contain biological hazards, which can cause diseases like
Legionnaires Disease.
Mercury can affect the central nervous system causing mental illness
2
Health effects
There are both short term and long term consequences of exposure to
hazardous substances. The health effects are as follows;
Short-term:
skin/eye irritation
headaches
dizziness
nausea
unconsciousness
Long-term:
cancer
lung disease
liver/kidney dysfunction
skin disease

COSHH OHT3 2
61
Routes of entry

COSHH OHT4 3
Substance label

COSHH OHT5 4
Hazard symbols
Read the warnings

and safety advice.

COSHH OHT6 5
62
Material safety data sheet (MSDS)
Suppliers of hazardous substances

are required to supply their
customers with a Material Safety
Data Sheet. This sheet describes
the characteristics of the
substance in 18 categories.
Companies will compile and make
available to all employees a
reference book of these safety
sheets, abbreviated as S.H.O.C.
7
Material safety data sheet example

SAFETY DATA SHEET MERCK 1038600 Acetonitrile AnalaR
1. Identification of the substance/preparation and of the company/undertaking Suitable extinguishing media:
Identification of the product Foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide or vaporizing liquids
Catalogue No: 10386 ID No: 1038600 6. Accidental release measures
Product name: Acetonitrile AnalaR Shut off all sources of ignition. Inform others to keep at a safe distance.
Manufacturer/supplier identification Wear appropriate protective clothing.
Company: Merck Ltd, Merck House, Poole, Dorset, England BH15 1TD If local regulations permit, mop up with plenty of water and run to waste, diluting
Telephone: 01202 669700 Telefax: 01202 665599 greatly with running water. Otherwise absorb on an inert absorbent, transfer to
Emergency telephone: 01202 669700 container and arrange removal by disposal company. Ventilate area to dispel residual
2. Composition/information on ingredients vapour.
Chemical characterization For large spillages liquids should be contained with sand or earth and both liquids and
Organic solvent solids transferred to salvage containers. Any residues should be treated as for small
Product name: Acetonitrile spillages.
CAS: No: 75-05-08 EC-No: 200-835-2 7. Handling and storage
Handling:
3. Hazards identification Take precautions against static discharge: all electrical equipment must be flame-
Highly flammable. Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. proofed.
Storage:
4. First aid measures Store at room temperature (15 to 25C recommended). Keep well closed and
Eye contact: irrigate thoroughly with water for at least 10 minutes. protected from direct sunlight and moisture. Store small containers in suitable
OBTAIN MEDICAL ATTENTION. flammable liquid storage cabinets when not in use. Larger drums (200 litres) must be
Inhalation: remove from exposure, rest and keep warm. In severe cases, or if exposure kept in purpose-built stores.
has been great, OBTAIN MEDICAL ATTENTION. 8. Exposure controls/personal protection
Skin contact: drench the skin thoroughly with water. Remove contaminated clothing and As appropriate to quantity handled.
wash before re-use. Unless contact has been slight, OBTAIN MEDICAL ATTENTION. Respirator: self-contained breathing apparatus
Ingestion: wash out mouth thoroughly with water and give plenty of water to drink. Ventilation: fume cupboard, flameproof
OBTAIN MEDICAL ATTENTION Gloves: nitrile
Eye Protection: goggles or face-shield
5. Fire-fighting measures Other Precautions: plastic apron, sleeves, boots if handling large quantities
Special risks: 9. Physical and chemical properties
Highly flammable. May evolve toxic fumes in fire Form: liquid

COSHH OHT 6a
8
Material safety data sheet example (cont)

COSHH OHT 6b
9
63
NFPA Diamond
(National Fire Protection Association)
10
Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment must:
be suitable for the hazard
be looked after and maintained
be suitable for the users
be used by trained workers
be worn!

COSHH OHT
11 9
Summary
COSHH (Control of Substance Hazardous to Health) is designed to protect

people from hazardous substances used at work by:
assessing the risk of harm to people
controlling exposure to the substance
making sure the control measures are suitable
introducing health surveillance procedures, as necessary
providing information, instruction, training and supervision

COSHH OHT1212
64
MODULE NOISE HAZARDS
Ludovic ROUGEAN
What is noise?
Sound is the sensation produced through the ear which

results from the fluctuations in the pressure of the air.
Noise is defined to mean any
audible sound.
2
Emetteur date nom du document
How Is Noise Hazardous?
- Noise can result in temporary or permanent hearing loss

- It can cause you to misunderstand communication
- It can cause you to miss important safety warnings
- It can create unhealthy stress
3
65 1
The ear
4
Hearing Damage
Immediate effects:
Damage to the ear-drum at very high sound
pressure
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
Temporary Threshold Shift
Permanent effects:
Permanent threshold shift
Noise-induced hearing loss is different from normal

hearing loss expected with age
5
Age-related deafness
dB
6
66 2
Noise-induced hearing loss
7
Noise Measurement
To reduce this to a practical range we use a logarithmic scale

expressed in Decibels.
An increase of 10 decibels represents a 10 times increase in
noise energy, so 90 decibels is 10 times louder than 80
decibels.
Noise exposure is related to both the level and duration of
noise.
A simple rule is that an increase of 3dB is approximately TWICE
the noise level, so for an equivalent exposure, the duration must
be HALVED.
8
Typical Sound Levels
Source Sound pressure (Pa) Decibels (dB)

Chain saw 20 120
Noisy factory 2 100
Ice cream van at 3m 0.2 80
Speech level at 1m 0.02 60
Quiet office 0.002 40
Threshold of hearing 0.00002 0
9
67 3
Estimating Noise Levels
Probable noise level Assessment
required if noise
continues more than
Noise is intrusive but 80dB 6 hours
conversation is possible
You have to shout to talk 85dB 2 hours
to someone 2 metres
away
You have to shout to talk 90dB 45 minutes
to someone 1 metre
away
10
Noise Exposure Action Levels
The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005

Lower Exposure Action Level
- Daily (or weekly) personal exposure of 80dB(A)
- Peak sound pressure of 135dB(C)
Upper Exposure Action Level

Exposure limit values

11
Action to be taken
In every workplace:
ensure that exposure to noise is eliminated or reduced as far as reasonably
practicable
When noise exceeds the LOWER daily, weekly or peak Action Levels:
conduct a noise assessment
make hearing protection available
When noise exceeds the UPPER daily, weekly or peak Action Levels:
control exposure by technical means
provide hearing protection
designate Hearing Protection Zones
When noise exceeds an exposure LIMIT value:
immediately reduce exposure
investigate reasons and take remedial action
12
68 4
Noise Control Measures
Eliminate at source
Reduce as far as reasonably practicable by:
- changed working methods
- quieter work equipment
- design of the workplace
- information and training
- technical control measures
- maintenance programmes.
A formal programme to reduce exposure must be implemented

BEFORE considering the use of hearing protection.
13
Ear protection zones
14
Hearing Protection Use
- Voluntary use if exposed to an 8-hour TWA of 80-85 dB

- Mandatory use when:
Exposed to an 8-hour TWA of 85 dB
Exposed to an 8-hour TWA of 80 dB and have suffered an STS
(hearing loss) or have not had a baseline hearing test
- Hearing protection devices must reduce employee noise

exposure below an 8-hour TWA of 85 dB
- Employees with STS, noise exposure reduced below an
8-hour TWA of 80 dB
15
69 5
Hearing Protection DevicesEarplugs
and Canal Caps
- Must be properly inserted

to seal the ear canal
Slowly roll and
compress foam into
cylinder
Insert into ear canal
while compressed
- Keeps noise from
reaching the eardrum
- Cotton is not an earplug
Image Credit: State of WA-WISHA Services
16
Hearing Protection Devices

Earmuffs
- Sealed against head with
ears fully enclosed
- Hair out from muffs
- Glasses and caps do not
interfere with seal
- Headband adjusted so
cushions exert even
pressure
- Cleaned with warm,
soapy water and rinsed
17
Key Things to Remember
- Hearing is a very important sense dont lose it

- Noise exposure over 85 dB can cause hearing loss
- Hearing loss cannot be cured or repaired
- Hearing tests are conducted annually and can detect
hearing loss
- Hearing protection devices must be worn in high-
noise areas
18
70 6
CONFINED SPACE
MODULE 13
1
Confined space accidents
HSE Survey of Accidents 1986 1992:
total 456
major injuries 157
over-three-day injuries 200
fatalities 99
On average 15 people die every year.

Confined Spaces OHT2 3
What is a confined space?
A confined space is:

any place, including any chamber, tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe, sewer,
flue, well, or other similar space in which, by virtue of its enclosed
nature, there arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk

71
The hazards
Hazards in confined spaces are:

flammable substances
oxygen enrichment
toxic gas, fume or vapour
oxygen deficiency
ingress or presence of liquids
solid materials that flow
excessive heat
other, eg access

Gas hazards in confined spaces
Gas hazards in confined spaces are:
Flammable (eg methane 5% Lower Flammable Limit)
Toxic
Oxygen
23% increased fire risk
21% normal
>19% acceptable
<17% leads to disorientation

Some common gas hazards (1)
Common gas hazards include:

hydrogen sulphide
colourless, rotten eggs smell,
heavier than air, flammable,
very toxic, kills sense of
smell
methane
colourless, odourless, lighter
than air, very flammable
petroleum vapour
colourless, smell, heavier
than air, very flammable,
toxic (narcotic)

72
Some common gas hazards (2)
Common gas hazards include:

carbon dioxide
colourless, odourless, heavier
than air, non-flammable, toxic,
oxygen displacer
carbon monoxide
colourless, odourless, lighter than
air, flammable, toxic
chlorine
yellow-green, choking odour,
heavier than air, non-flammable,
oxidiser, very toxic

Work in confined spaces
no person to enter, work in or leave a

confined space except in accordance with
a system of work to make the work safe
and without risks to health
The safe system of work:
needs to be in writing
sets out work to be done and precautions to be taken
is a formal record that all foreseeable hazards and risks have been
considered in advance, and includes all appropriate precautions taken in
the correct sequence

Confined Spaces OHT 12
8
Risk assessment to take account of: (1)
The risk assessment is to take account of the general condition

of the confined space including:
previous contents
residues
contamination
oxygen deficiency or enrichment
physical dimensions
Hazards from the actual work:

cleaning chemicals
sources of ignition

Confined Spaces OHT 15
9
73
Risk assessment to take account of: (2)
The risk assessment is to take account of the need to isolate, to

prevent the danger from outside of:
ingress of substances
heat
electrical or other energy to moving parts
It should also take account of requirements for emergency rescue

arrangements.

Confined Spaces OHT1016
Example of confined space problems
Entry into a vacuum tanker (eg gulley cleaner) would include problems
as follows:
varied use hence range of contents and residues
requires knowledge of loads carried
cleaning prior to entry
testing
External dangers from a vacuum tanker include:

work on the outside of the tanker that has carried
flammable liquids (or other hazard) may be a risk

Safe system of work (1)
A safe system of work involves:

1) Supervision.
2) Competence.
3) Communications.
4) Testing/monitoring of atmosphere.
5) Gas purging.
6) Ventilation.
7) Removal of residues.
8) Isolation from gases, liquids, other flowing materials.
9) Isolation from mechanical and electrical power.
10) Selection and use of suitable equipment.

74
Safe system of work (2)
A safe system of work also involves:

11) PPE and RPE.
12) Portable gas cylinders and internal combustion engines.
13) Gas supplied by pipes and hoses.
14) Access and egress.
15) Fire prevention.
16) Lighting.
17) Static electricity.
18) Smoking.
19) Emergencies and rescue.
20) Limited working time.

Typical precautions
Typical precautions include:

special access equipment
special protective clothing and equipment
respiratory protective equipment including
breathing apparatus where necessary
specially designed work tools,
eg non-sparking spanners
lighting
additional ventilation
methods of communication
first-aid provisions

Permit-to-work
A formal written system is usually required where there is a reasonably

foreseeable risk of serious injury entering or working in a confined space.
It is an extension of the safe system of work, not a substitute.

75
Permit-to-work contents (1)
Permit-to-work contents include:

identification of the confined space
description of work to be done
time limits of start/finish of entry
results of gas testing
record of isolation
record of ventilation
PPE and RPE required

Permit-to-work contents (2)
Permit-to-work contents also include:

restrictions on work methods
confirm communications
systems work
confirm that emergency equipment
and personnel are available
authorisation to enter
acceptance of the permit by the
person entering
confirmation of completion of work
cancellation of the permit

Emergency arrangements (1)
Emergency arrangements (EAs) must:

be made before entry
reduce risks to those using them so far as reasonably
practicable
consider all stages of work
ensure all those involved are trained
involve providing and maintaining resuscitation equipment if
necessary
be put into immediate operation when needed

76
Emergency arrangements (2)
Emergency arrangements need to consider:

rescue and resuscitation equipment
raising the alarm and rescue
safeguarding the rescuers
fire safety
control of plant
first-aid
emergency services
training of those to be involved

77
WORKING AT HEIGHT
MODULE 14
1
What is working at height?
Work at any place from which a person could fall a distance

liable to cause injury
Work at height excludes:

use of a permanent staircase for
access
work by the crew of a ship under the
direction of the master, unless others
are exposed to the risk
instructing or leading adventure
activities

Height OHT2 1
What are the hazards?
falls of persons
falling objects injuring those below
falls from collapsing structures (eg fragile roofs)
access to hazards normally out of reach, eg power cables

Height OHT3 2
78
What are the risks?
Work at height accident statistics:

68 fatalities*
4000 major injuries*
they account for 25% of all fatal accidents
60% of all major injuries caused by falls from heights of
less than 2m
(*HSE statistics 2001/2002)

Height OHT4 3
Hierarchy of control measures
avoid: eliminate the need for work at height

prevent: combat the risks at source, use physical safeguards
mitigate: collective safeguards, personal fall protection systems

Height OHT5 8
Working at height: safe systems of work
fixed access gantries

scaffold platforms
mobile elevating work platforms
scaffold towers
platform steps and stepladders
ladders
Ladders are only intended as a means of

access they are not places of work!
Ludovic ROUGEAN 16/07/07 BASIC HSE TRAINING Height

6
OHT 9
79
Working at height: fall arrest equipment
Where physical safeguards are not

reasonably practicable, use:
collective protection measures,
eg safety nets, mats or inflatable
mattresses
personal protection equipment, eg
safety harnesses and lanyards
attached to suitable fixing points
All equipment must be inspected
after a fall.
Beware:
a falling person may be seriously
injured striking against objects
and structures
in a full body harness, falls must
be restricted to 1.8m to limit the
force on the body

Height OHT 11
7
HARNESS
8
80
HEAT STRESS
MODULE 15
1
INTRODUCTION
Since 1936, according to the National Safety Council, 30,000

people have died from heat related illnesses.
On the average, 384 people die each year from heat stroke.
Heat related injuries seem to occur often with the

elderly; people who are not in good physical condition; or
acclimatized to the heat.
2
GENERATION OF BODY HEAT
There are two main ways in which our

bodies produce heat:
Metabolic Heat - the body generates heat

through the digestion of food, work and
exercise.
Environmental Heat - body absorbs heat

from the surrounding environment,
whether it is the hot sun or a hot room.
3
81
THE BODYS COOLING SYSTEM
There are three methods in which our

bodies can be cooled.
Convection - is the transfer of heat through the

circulation of air.
Evaporation - process which occurs when a

liquid changes into a vapor.
Radiation - heat is naturally emitted from the

body surface.
4
CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE COOLING

SYSTEM
Acclimation - the biological process through which our bodies

adapt to the environment -- basically getting used to the heat.
Air Temperature - heat flows from warmer objects to cooler
objects.
Air Movement - moving air speeds the evaporation process.
5
CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE COOLING

SYSTEM
Humidity - the amount of water vapor in the air affects the rate
of evaporation.
Clothing - the type of clothing affects the amount of heat our
bodies absorb and retain.
6
82
HEAT RELATED HEALTH PROBLEMS
Heat Rash - also known as Prickly Heat, occurs in

hot, humid environments where sweat can't easily
evaporate from the skin.
- This condition produces a rash which in some cases
causes severe pain.
- The procedures to prevent or minimize this condition
is to rest frequently in cool places and bath regularly
ensuring to thoroughly dry the skin.
7
Heat Cramps - painful muscle spasms that result

from the loss of salt and electrolytes due to
excessive sweating.
- The cramps will usually affect the stomach, the arms
and legs.
- This condition can be treated by drinking fluids
containing electrolytes such as calcium, sodium and
potassium.
- This condition usually precedes heat exhaustion.
8
Heat Exhaustion - is a state brought on by the loss of

fluids lost during excessive sweating.
- Individuals with heat exhaustion still sweat, but they
experience extreme weakness and may even collapse.
- They may experience nausea and headache. Their skin
is clammy and moist, their complexion is usually pale
and the body temperature is usually normal or slightly
higher.
- This condition is best treated by taking the patient to a
cool place, applying cool compresses, elevating the feet
and giving the individual plenty of fluids.
9
83
Heat Stroke - is a severe medical emergency which

could result in death.
- Heat stroke results when the body's core temperature
gets too high and the body is no longer able to cool
itself.
- An individual suffering from heat stroke will have hot
and dry skin, their pulse will be high and their blood
pressure will fall.
- This condition must be treated by immediately cooling
the victim's body with water or wrapping them in cool
wet sheets. Immediately seek medical attention.
10
PREVENTING HEAT-RELATED HEALTH

PROBLEMS
Acclimation - accustom yourself to the weather prior to long

durations of physical activity.
Maintain Body Fluids - Fluid intake must be maintained

throughout the course of physical activity.
- Do not rely on thirst as an indicator of dehydration because
your body loses water faster than you realize.
- Alcohol should be avoided because it is a diuretic, which
increases dehydration and can interfere with heat loss.
11

PROBLEMS
Proper Diet Eat light and stay away from heavy

foods. They increase metabolic heat production and
also increase water loss. Eat smaller, well-balanced
meals more often.
Rest Periods - Pace your work activities at a

slower rate during high temperatures and
take frequent rest periods in a shaded area
and drink plenty of fluids.
12
84
PROBLEMS
Dress Light Lightweight, light-colored clothing

reflects heat and sunlight and helps your body
maintain normal temperatures.
Wear loose-fitting clothes such as cotton which lets
air move over your body.
Wide brimmed hats should also be worn.
13
85
SPILL PREVENTION
Ludovic ROUGEAN 10/05/07 AUH-QSE-REC-CAT-07009a - SPILL PREVENTION
Definition
Spill:
Unintentional release of hazardous liquid such as hydrocarbons
into the environment.
2
Why to prevent spills?
Water is essential to life but spillages on the ground soaks

through and may contaminate drinking water or irrigation water.
Spillage could also be source of fire or explosion if flammable.
In some cases, spillage can make the ground slippery and
causes falls.
Spillage may require long term and very costly measures to
control it and restore the spill site to acceptable conditions.
3
1
86
Main sources of spillage
Process equipment may leak due to:
Corrosion
High Pressure Operations
Impact
Temperature Impacts
Rupture/Fatigue
Inadequate Installation
Infrequent Maintenance
Incorrect/Improper Design
4
Main sources of spillage
Human factor can also be an important source of spillage during

operations such as:
Refueling
Pound skimming
Handling / transport of containers
5
What happens when hydrocarbons

spill on the ground?
Will spread and flow outwardly.
May sink into the surface layer of soil.
Will usually saturate the first 10-20 cm of soil
Volatile hydrocarbons will evaporate in air.
There is a significant risk of fire/explosion
During rainy season hydrocarbons
will easily spill into wadis and
contaminate surface water,
a VERY significant concern.
6
2
87
What happens when chemicals spill
on the ground?
Smaller spills due to smaller containers

May react with soil/rock by emitting toxic fumes.
May react when contacts other chemicals.
7
Prevention
Proper storage of drums, in right position and if possible on

dedicated concrete area with drain.
Regular maintenance and visual inspection
Ensure that all leaking equipment is reported to maintenance
personnel for fixing
Check that all hoses / fuel lines are intact and in good condition.
Never leave refuelling or pound
skimming operations unattended
Lock-off diesel tank when not in
use
8
Spill response - STOP
Identify the source of the leak / spill

If it is safe to do so, stop the source of the spill
- Ex: shut off valve or the pump.
Always use the correct PPE. Hydrocarbons can be very toxic.
Ask for proper MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) if possible.
Isolate equipment
Eliminate sources of ignition (explosion proof equipment, avoid
vehicles passing by )
Never put yourself in danger!
9
3
88
Spill response - CONTAIN
Use Drip Trays / Buckets to contain leaks

Use Spillage Kits to contain spills
Ensure the is enough spill response material for the volume of
liquid on site! A grab pack is not sufficient for a drum of oil
- Absorbent granules
- Sand
- Booms / socks
- Absorbent pads
Protect watercourses
10
Spill response - NOTIFY
Major Spillage
- Notify Superintendent immediately
Minor Spillage
- Notify Supervisor and assist in clean up
All Spillages
- Ensure Superintendent has been given all relevant information
- Complete accident / incident form and report to SHE function
- Carry out incident investigation as required
- Share learning to prevent future occurrence
11
Spill response CLEAN-UP
Check if sources of the pollution have been stopped and are

contained.
Ensure that spill response material is collected and

bagged for correct disposal i.e. as hazardous waste
If any contamination to ground, ensure contaminated soil is

excavated and disposed (hazardous waste)
12
4
89
Spill response WHAT NEXT?
Investigate the cause of the spillage
Ensure measures are put in place to prevent re-occurrence
Communicate learning to all personnel

- Toolbox talks
- Extra training
- Site meetings etc
13
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENDANCE
14
5
90
Emergency Response Plan
Types of Workplace Emergencies
- Fires
- Explosions
- Natural disasters
- Toxic chemical releases
- Workplace violence
(riots)
- Terrorism
All these cases have

been anticipated and are
part of the Emergency
Evacuation Plan of the
company
2
Minimum Requirements
- Emergency Response Plan
Be familiar with the procedure
- Alarm systems
Know the sound and the meaning
How and where to activate?
- Exit routes
Make sure they are cleared
- Reporting systems
Know the emergency numbers
Report any anomalies, incidents
- Fire-fighting equipment
Know their location and how to use it
- Employee training
Actively participate whenever requested to the drills,
table top exercises, accident simulations and various
trainings such as Fire fighting, first aid.
3
91 1
Key Points to Remember
- Workplace disasters can strike any time and with very little warning
- Emergency response planning can save lives, reduce the number
of injuries, and prevent loss of property
- You need to know what to do during a workplace emergency
4
92 2
Invisible Energies
Mechanical energy : Stored energy + kinetic energy
Electrical energy
Pressurized energy
Chemical energy (hazardous substances)
Thermal energy
Radiant energy
Nuclear energy
Invisible Energies
2
Invisible Energies Mechanical energy - Gravity
Definition:
Mechanical energy
- The main source of stored energy is GRAVITY
Any object at the surface of earth is subject to a vertical downwards force

Gravity -
- The Weight (F) of an object is the measurement of that force
Tension & Compression F= Mass (kg) x 9.81 (N/kg)
Kinetic Energy Conclusion:
- Any object having a mass > 0 kg is due to fall !!
3 4
Mechanical energy - Gravity
1 . Walking, tripping
Hazard sources:
- Slippery surface
- Messy workplace
- Pits, traps, removed grating plates
- Excavations, trenching
Prevention:
- Good housekeeping
- Barricading holes, excavations
- Marking of tripping hazards
Awareness of Gravity ???
5 6
93 1
Mechanical energy - Gravity Mechanical energy - Gravity
2 . Working at height 3 . Overhead equipment

Hazard sources:
Hazard sources: - Equipment stored on racks, roofs or higher
- Ladders decks.
- Step ladders - Materials stacked on top of each other
- Scaffolding (erecting or dismantling)
- Working over the side of the platform/rig - Equipment left lying loose at higher levels
- Tubular on pipe racks
Prevention: - etc.
- Ladders fixed properly
- Scaffolds constructed by certified personnel only Prevention:
- Scaffolds inspected and tagged Safe for use
- Solid and stable racks, shelves
- PPE
- Special procedure to work overboard - Use strapping material, wedges
- Store equipment inside containers
- Solid packing material when stacking
- Avoid putting any part of the body at risk
- And also
7 8
Mechanical energy - Gravity Mechanical energy - Tension & Compression
4 . Lifting operations
Hazard sources:
- Failing lifting appliances or lifting gear
- Falling loads
- Material falling from lifted containers
Compressed springs
Prevention:
- Never stay underneath an elevated lift Cables, Tow lines under tension
- Check all offshore containers prior to
lifting
- All lifting appliances & gear inspected
and tested regularly, also checked
before use
- Operate within operating limits
9 10
Mechanical energy - Tension & Compression Mechanical energy - Kinetic energy
Definition:
Prevention:
- Beware of systems with internal energies - Kinetic energy of an object (mass m) is due to its motion :
- Work on compressed springs requires skilled KE = 1 m.V2 (Linear)

people and risk assessment
2
- No access on vessel deck while towing is
under progress
KE = 1 . I . 2 (Rotation)
- No access to drill floor during wire line/logging 2
activities I = moment of inertia
= angular velocity
- Careful when mooring and unmooring vessels
- It quantifies the amount of work the moving object could do
- It also quantifies the amount of damage it could do if it hits something
V
m
11 12
94 2
Awareness of kinetic energy ???
Mechanical energy - Kinetic energy
1 - Linear energy
Hazard sources:
- Driving cars, trucks, buses, forklifts
- Operating supply vessels, lifeboats
- Moving horizontally a cargo with a crane
Possible accidents and injuries:

- Ships collisions
- Vehicle collisions
Cuts, bruises, amputations
Fractures
Fatalities
- Squeezed arms, chests etc.
- Crew caught between containers
13 14
Mechanical energy - Kinetic energy Mechanical energy - Kinetic energy
Prevention: 2 - Rotational energy
- Defensive driving training for all drivers Hazard sources:

- Compliance with traffic regulations - Engines
- No work on deck under adverse - Moving parts
weather conditions
- Cranes operated by certified & skilled
crane drivers Preventive measures:
- Vigilant & trained deck crew - Protective covers around moving parts,
belts etc
- Protective plates in front of grinders
- Warning signs
15 16
Electrical Energy
Invisible Energies
Definitions
Voltage Intensity
Electrical Energy P2
Phase Q P
P1
Resistance
Neutral Earth
Voltage (V) is equivalent to Pressure (P2-P1)

Intensity (I) is equivalent to Flowrate (Q)
Resistance (R) is equivalent to Pressure losses (P)
17 18
95 3
Electrical Energy
Electrical energy
Effects on human body :

Electrical energy
up to 10 mA : no effect
Hazard sources:
25 mA : lungs tetanization - Electrical power generation (generators,
50 mA : cardiac arrest alternators, batteries etc)
- Electrical driven equipment (power tools,
pumps etc)
Remember : - Electrical installation, appliances
(switchboards, transformers, cables, lighting
Up to 50 V, the skin is a good penetration barrier (R = 5000 ) equipment etc)
I = 50 V / 5000 = 10 mA
Prevention:
At 220 V, the skin resistance drops down to 2000 - Only certified equipment allowed on site
I = 220 V / 2000 = 110 mA - Termination of wires according to
international standards
- Regular inspections
- Proper earthing of equipment
19 20
Awareness of electrical energy ???

Electrical energy
Invisible Energies
Pressurized energy
21 22
Pressurized energy Pressurized energy
Resulting Force = Pressure x Surface

3 cm cover
0.25 bar
(=0.25 kg/cm2)
Resulting force = 0.25 x x 3 2 / 4 = 1.8 kg
So at a given pressure, You can cope with that force

the LARGER the area
The LARGER the force
23 24
96 4
50 cm cover Conclusion : Can you get hurt with low pressure?

0.25 bar
(=0.25 kg/cm2)
ABSOLUTELY !
This is particularly true with large surfaces like access
hatch covers, even with very low pressures
Resulting force = 0.25 x x 50 2/ 4 = 490 kg
This amount of force will cause the cover to suddenly fly

open with great force if unsafely released.
Nobody can withstand such a force !

25 26
Hazard sources:
Internal container pressure = 0.20 bars - Hydro Carbon Process

- Compressed gas cylinders
Equivalent force on the door = 870 kg
- Utility compressed air
Door weight = 7 kg
7kg <<< 870 kg - Instrument air
When it came loose, the door slammed open - Water Injection
serious injury - HP testing or cleaning equipment
27 28
Pressurized energy
Pressurized energy
Possible injuries:
Pressurized liquids
eye and skin injuries
- Whipping coupling or hose,

- Sudden rupture of vessel, pipe, HP air hose,
- Release of trapped pressure,
- Flying missile :
injury / casualty
Socket
thermowell
29 30
97 5
Pressurized energy
Pressurized energy
Possible trapped pressure
31 32
Pressurized energy
Pressurized energy
33 34
Pressurized energy
Invisible Energies
Prevention:
- Do not operate valves if not authorized

Chemical energy
- De-pressurize system before work or
maintenance
- Use whip-checks on all pressurized

connections
- Do not pressurize systems not meant for

pressurizing
35 36
98 6
Chemical energy
Chemical energy
Hazardous substances :
Possible injuries:
- Chemicals (for drilling, production, painting etc)
- Chemical burns to skin, eyes
- Noxious atmosphere - Toxic effect if inhaled or swallowed (H2S,
benzene, solvents)
- Explosives - Asphyxiation
- Explosion and Fire
37 38
Chemical energy Chemical energy
Prevention:
- Procedure for the handling and storage of

chemicals
- Appropriate PPE
- Appropriate gas detectors
- Procedure for confined spaces
- Procedure for storage and use of
explosives
Example
39 40
Thermal energy
Invisible Energies
What is thermal energy ?

Thermal Energy
Thermal energy is Heat energy
It comes from the rapid movement of atoms and

molecules rubbing against each other in matter
41 42
99 7
Thermal energy
Invisible Energies
Hazard sources:
- Flow-lines
- Engines exhausts pipes and hot surfaces
- Steam systems Radiant Energy
- Open flame work
- Flares
- Cold surfaces (gas expansion)
- Kitchen ovens & grills
Prevention:
- Special protection for hot surfaces
- Suitable PPE for welding
- Area chained off
- Warning signs
43 44
Radiant energy
Radiant energy
Hazard sources:
Possible injuries:
- Visible sunlight
- Microwave oven
- Radio transmitter (antenna) - Burns, eyes damage
- GSM antenna
- Welding radiations - Skin cancer (long exposure)
45 46
Radiant energy Invisible Energies

Prevention
- Reduce skin exposure to sun

Nuclear Energy
radiation
- When welding use full appropriate
PPE
47 48
100 8
Nuclear energy Nuclear energy
Hazard sources: Possible injuries:
- Logging tools Effects depend on the radiation dose and

- Nuclear densimeters nature (, or ) :
- Nuclear tracers
- Nuclear equipment for NDT Skin burns,
Poisoning
Cancers
Mutagenic effects
Effects on the reproductive genetic
cells
49 50
Nuclear energy
Prevention:
- Work area chained off
- Warning signs
- Use by qualified technicians only
51
101 9
OMV Aktiengesellschaft
Health, Safety,
Security &
Environment Policy
Everyone who works with OMV should return home in good mental and physical health.
All accidents can be prevented.
The health of our employees is promoted by continuous improvement of their physical, psychological and
social working conditions.
All workplaces and processes must be safe and secure for OMV, its stakeholders and the environment.
Keeping risks as low as reasonably practicable is a priority.
We apply the best available economically viable technology.
HSE* matters have equal importance as all other critical business issues.
We strive for continuous improvement of our environmental, safety and security standards.
We establish specific goals based on international performance standards, and measure our progress on
a regular basis.
We actively strive to minimize our impacts on the environment, participate in climate protection measures
and support alternative energy sources.
HSE is a line management responsibility.

We expect commitment and leadership from our line managers.
All our employees are expected to play an active role in HSE and be competent in HSE matters.
We require our contractors to adhere to our policies and standards.
Our Group-wide HSE standards go beyond legal compliance.
We comply with all relevant legislation in everything we do.
We meet the high standards set by OMV wherever we operate, through the world.
* HSE = Health, safety, security and environment
Vienna, September 2006/June2007

102
EMPLOYEES' RESPONSIBILITY with regards to
OPERATIONS
BEFORE starting to work on a task: DURING the performance of a task:
Review the security procedures and norms specific to Observe exactly the work instructions and
the task you are about to perform; operational procedures they have been created to
Check your Individual Protection Equipment and USE ensure your safety and security;
IT; If the procedure or norm does not address a hazard
Check that the TOOLS and EQUIPMENT you are about you notice during the performance of a task, STOP
to use ARE APPROPRIATE for the task and the WORKING IMMEDIATELY and ask your direct
specific circumstances in which you are about to work supervisor or the local HSEQ responsible;
(inflammable atmosphere, heat or excessive cold, other PAY ATTENTION to the performed activity during
works involving other risks performed at your work the entire work period, CONSIDER THE HAZARDS
place or in your surroundings); and if something seems HAZARDOUS to you, it
probably is;
DON'T TAKE ANY RISK, this might be your last;
AFTER completing a task:
Review the specific security procedures and norms and check if they IDENTIFY and CONTROL ALL THE HAZARDS
involved by the task you have just completed;
If you discover any NONCONFORMITIES between the HAZARDS identified by you and the PROCEDURE or NORM,
REPORT THEM IMMEDIATELY to your superior or the local HSEQ responsible;
If any INCIDENTS occurred during the task performance, even if they HAD NO consequences, REPORT THEM
IMMEDIATELY to your superior or the local HSEQ responsible;
103
A workshop designed and delivered by
16 I 2008 HSEQ GENERAL AWARENESS
UNSAFE BEHAVIOURS Exercise
Comment the photos
In case of an accident
The sorrow and sadness affect more people than just the Are you ready to risk
victim your life for money?
It's not worth it !

WORK SAFELY ! WORK SAFELY !
For you and the loved ones
104
INCIDENTS & ACCIDENTS
YOUR ROLE in case of an Accident or Incident:
If you WITNESS an accident: If you are INTERVIEWED:
Provide immediate help in case of an accident, Tell ONLY THE FACTS, and THE ENTIRE
however, WITHOUT jeopardizing your life; TRUTH;
IMMEDIATELY contact the Unit Manager and DESCRIBE what you have seen, heard or felt and
the HSEQ Responsible (see contact details at NOT YOUR INTERPRETATION of such events;
the end of this material); Be as EXACT as possible regarding the
If you notice the presence of OTHER PEOPLE SEQUENCE and DURATION OF THE EVENTS
near the place of an accident that might be that preceded, happened during and after the
affected by the accident or its effects, WARN accident;
THEM and KEEP THEM AWAY from the DO NOT OMIT ANY FACTS in order to protect
hazardous area; your colleagues you only prevent the company to
When you witness an incident that did not implement the appropriate controlling measures;
cause any loss (e.g. One of your colleagues OMV adopted and promotes a NO-BLAME
slips on the ice without getting injured NEAR- POLICY regarding the investigation of accidents
MISS you must REPORT IT IMMEDIATELY and incidents their purpose is to identify and
this might save one of your colleague or even eliminate the causes of accidents and
yourself in the future; NOT TO BLAME PEOPLE
105
EMPLOYEES' RESPONSIBILITY regarding
NEAR-MISS (incident with no consequences) What IS IT?
It is an EVENT which, although IT TOOK PLACE, did not lead to any type of
loss (or a personal damage of a person, or a material damages, or a damage to
the environment and/or a damage to the company's reputation);
NEAR-MISS (incident with no consequences) What IT IS NOT?

It is NOT a HAZARD or RISK, not even potential;
It is NOT an INCIDENT (event which led only to the damage of
installations, environment or reputation) which PRODUCED damages,
irrespective of their nature;
It is NOT an ACCIDENT (event which led to the injury of a person);
106
NEAR-MISS EXAMPLES:
Slip on a wet stairway but try to grip the hand rail and you will
not be hurt;
Drive your service car during winter; in a turn the car drifts,
you drive on the opposite side of the road, but from the other
side another car appears and you manage to regain control on
the car without any damages;
Open the door of the car without paying attention, a car which
circulates on your driving side, passes in high speed very
close to the door ajar without hitting the door or you;
All such events must be promptly REPORTED
107

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BASIC HSE TRAINING

TOTAL E&P YEMEN, July 2007

Ludovic ROUGEAN 16/07/07 BASIC HSE TRAINING

SCHEDULE OF THE WEEK

HSE: Health Safety & Environment

Health and safety is a condition

RISK ASSESSMENT (Module 2)

It is not reasonably practicable if the

It is reasonably practicable if a risk

Major injury is the tip of the iceberg.

There are also:

Any examples ???

The incidents with no injury or damage are referred to as Near

MOTIVATIONS FOR HSE?

Frequently quoted misconceptions about health and safety are that:

accidents cannot be prevented

we are insured anyway

safety takes too much time

safety is fine for other people

safety is for beginner

ACCIDENTS CANNOT BE PREVENTED?

THE COST OF FAILURE

Failure to manage health and safety can result in:

prosecution, fines and imprisonment

Ludovic ROUGEAN 16/07/07 BASIC HSE TRAINING

THE COST OF FAILURE

STANDARDS, PRACTICES AND

BS 8800 (British standard)

OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series)

ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company)

Any companies of more than 5 employees must have health and

GENERAL DUTIES OF AN EMPLOYER

provide safe place of work

provide safe plant and equipment

provide safe systems of work

GENERAL DUTIES OF AN EMPLOYEE

to take reasonable care

to co-operate with the employer

not to interfere with safety arrangements

To be more specific (according to Company policy):

Personal Behaviour: standard of dress, communication,

The law requires an employer to do whatever is reasonable to ensure safety.

RESPONSIBILITY, CAUSES AND

Bill is driving his forklift down a steep slope when he discovers

Near-miss Minor injury

Major injury Death

accident is always the result of a combination of several factors,

Causes of accidents can be direct or indirect.

The consequences of accidents can also be shown as direct or indirect.

Ludovic ROUGEAN 16/07/07 BASIC HSE TRAINING

Platform exporting Oil & Gas to UK

Anomalies and Pre-conditions:

Anomalies and Pre-conditions:

Pump A Gas leak, then

The worsening effects:

work as it was shut off

All the others died: 167

BP Texas City Refinery

Third largest U.S. refinery

Buildings with Broken Windows

z The raffinate splitter tower had a history of abnormal startups

Key Safety Issues

The plant was producing a pesticide: Carbaryl.

MIC (Methyl Isocyanate) was used in the process instead of less