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TABLE1
SHOWING RESULTS OF RELIABLITY ANALYSIS OF INSTRUMENT TABLE2
S. Total Cronbach Reliability SHOWING MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF SAFETY
Dimension CLIMATE DIMENSIONS OF PLANT A&B
NO items s alpha
Management Good Sample
1 commitment to 12 0.899 Standard
Dimensions Plant Size Mean
safety Deviation
(N)
2 Safety training 4 0.746 Good Management A 121 4.1132 0.56774
Safety priority Acceptable commitment to
3 4 0.624 B 105 4.3104 0.63606
over production safety
Workers attitude Good Safety training A 121 4.0967 0.58849
4 6 0.805
towards safety B 105 4.0333 0.68031
Safety Good Safety priority over A 121 4.0612 0.55428
5 6 0.716
communication production B 105 3.8643 0.75402
Safety Good Workers attitude A 121 4.2835 0.46104
6 6 0.720
knowledge towards safety B 105 4.3597 0.57714
7 Work 4 0.763 Good A 121 4.1231 0.52293
4
TABLE4
5
SHOWING RESULTS OF INDEPENDENT SAMPLES t-test must have to place safety as the top priority in any kind of
circumstances. Moreover, all other six dimensions do not
differ from each other, shows a similar kind of workers
perception. There is only one self-reported accident on plant
A and no accident on plant B during period of previous one
year which is the indication of the fact that good safety climate
which is reflected in safety climate scores and also reflected
through dependent variable - self-reported accidents. This
further indicates the predictive validity of the instrument as
good safety climate score means good safety performance
which is indicated by self-reported accidents. Lesser number
of accidents is an indication that safety procedures are
practically followed during work.
This research has some limitations as well. As this research is
limited to food industry, further studies can be carried out to
validate the reliability of instrument and measurement of
safety climate in different industries like oil and gas, chemical
processing industries, and manufacturing etc. industries of
P<0.05 are marked with * indicating the diffrence between two
Pakistan.
plants(A&B) is significant It can be concluded that workers of both the plants have
positive perception about safety at their work. The instrument
developed for this research, validates the above statement as
safety climate scores of both plants are good so very little
IV. CONCLUSIONS number of self-reported accidents has been found at both
plants. The same instrument can be used in variety of
industrial applications. Furthermore, safety climate has a
As mentioned earlier that perception of workers about safety direct relationship with safety performance. There are two
at their workplace was measured by using a five point likert factors that are needed further improvement, management
scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree. It has been noted commitment and safety priority over production. However,
that safety climate at both plants is good as the mean score of still there is a need to explore how workplace safety at
safety climate is 4.19 and 4.16 out of 5, for plant A and B developing countries can be improved by exploring the
respectively. These statistics are an indication of workers underlying factors associated with this.
positive perception about safety practices at their workplace.
As we know that in this research, safety climate has been
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APPENDIX start of work.
Items used in the questionnaire are given below and five point Workers attitude towards safety
likert scale (complete agree, agree, nether agree/nor
disagree, disagree, complete disagree) has been used in the 21-Workers feel that safety is first priority for them and for
questionnaire. Workers are instructed to record the extent of coworkers.
their agreement or disagreement with the safety measures 22-Workers feel that to act upon safety rules is compulsory
given below about each safety dimension. Following are the for them.
items used in the questionnaire to assess safety climate 23-Workers help their coworkers to improve safety in their
work area.
Management Commitment 24-Workers feel the responsibility to inform management
about hazards and risks in their work area.
1- Management continually assesses safety hazards and 25-Workers feel that to participate in safety training is
risks in the organization. compulsory for them.
2- Management continually reacts and takes actions on 26-Workers feel that complete knowledge of safety is
outcomes of safety (accident rate). urgent for them.
3- Management guides workers about implementation
of action plans on safety problems. Safety communication
4- Management rewards workers who are excellent in
implementation of safety rules. 27-Supervisors gives complete information to management
5- Management takes effective countermeasures to about hazards and risks present in work environment.
avoid repeating of accidents. 28-Workers are regularly informed about equipment and new
hazards in their work area.
7
Supervisor commitment
Respondents information
Have you suffered an accident during period of last twelve
months?
Yes No
a)One shift b) More than one day c)More than three days