Bateria Terminada Listo

RESOLUCION DE LA BATERIA DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
PRACTICA 1
I.SOLUCIONES DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
1. Demostrar por sustitucin directa en la ecuacin diferencial, comprobando las constantes

arbitrarias, que cada primitiva da lugar a la correspondiente ecuacin diferencial.
SOLUCION:
a) y = 1 senx + 2 x es solucin de (1 x ctgx) - x + y = 0
Solucin:
y = 1 senx + 2 x
= 1 cosx + 2
= - 1 senx
(1 + x ctgx) = (1 + x ctgx) (- 1 senx) = - 1 senx + 2 x cosx (1)
-x = - x (1 cosx + 2 ) = -x 1 cosx - 2 x (2)
y = 1 senx + 2 (3)
Luego sumamos (1), (2) y (3)
(1 + x ctgx) - x + y = - 1 senx + 1 x cosx - 1 x cosx + 2 x + 1 senx + 2 x
(1 + x ctgx) - x + y = 0
b) y = 1 + 2 x + 3 + 2 2 es solucin de - - + y = 8
Solucin:
y = 1 + 2 x + 3 + 2 2
= 1 + 2 + 2 x - 3 + 4x + 2 2
= 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 x + 3 + 4 + 4x + 4x + 2 2
= 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 x - 3 + 4 + 4 + 4x + 4 + 4x
+ 4x + 2 2 (1)
- = - 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 x - 3 - 4 - 4x - 4x - 2 2 (2)
- = - 1 - 2 - 2 x - 3 - 4x - 2 2 (3)
y = 1 + 2 x + 3 + 2 2 (4)
1
Luego sumamos (1), (2), (3) y (4)
- - + y = 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 x - 3 + 4 + 4 + 4x + 4
+ 4 + 4x + 2 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 -2 x - 3 - 4 - 4x
- 4x - 2 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 x + 3 - 4x - 2 2 + 1 + 2 x
3 + 2 2
- - + y = 8
2. Demostrar que y = 2x + C es la solucin de la ecuacin diferencial, y - y = 2 2x
Hallar la solucin particular para x = 0, y = 3 (esto es la ecuacin de la curva integral que pasa por (0,3))
SOLUCION:
y = 2x + C
= 2 + C (1)
-y = - 2x - C (2)
Luego sumamos (1) y (2)
- y = 2 + C - 2x - C
- y = 2 2x
(x , y) = (0, 3) 3 = 2(0) + C C=3
La ecuacin de la curva integral es: y = 2x + 3
3. Demostrar que y = 1 + 2 2 + x es solucin de - 3 + 2y = 2x - 3 y hallar
La ecuacin de la curva integral que pase por os puntos (0,0) y (1, 0)
SOLUCION:
= 1 + 2 2 +
= 1 + 22 2 + 1
= 1 + 42 2 (1)
3 = 31 62 2 3 (2)
2 = 21 + 22 2 + 2 (3)
Luego sumamos (1), (2) y (3)
2
- 3 + 2y = 1 + 42 2 - 31 - 62 2 - 3 + 21 + 22 2 + 2x
- 3 + 2y = 2x 3
(x, y ) = (0, 0) 0 = 1 0 + 2 2(0)+ 0
0 = 1 + 2 2 = - 1
(x, y) = (1, 0) 0 = 1 1+ 2 2(1) + 1
0 = 1 e - 1 2 + 1 1 e(e 1) = 1
1 1
1 = (1) 2 = (1)
La ecuacin de la curva integral es:
2
Y = (1) (1) + x
4. La primitiva de la ecuacin diferencial x = y es y = Cx. Hallar la ecuacin de la curva

integral que pasa por el punto (1, 2)
SOLUCION:
= =
(, ) = (1, 2) 2 = (1) = 2
: = 2
5. Comprobar que y = 1 cosx + 2 senx, y = Acos(x+ B) son primitivas de + y = 0
Demostrar tambin que ambas ecuaciones son, en realidad, una sola.
SOLUCION:
= 1 + 2
= - 1 senx + 2 cosx
= - 1 cosx - 2 senx (1)
= 1 cosx + 2 senx (2)
+ y = - 1 cosx - 2 senx + 1 cosx + 2 senx
3
+ y = 0
= A cos(x+ B)
= - A sen(x+ B)
= - A cos(x + B) (3)
= A cos(x+ B) (4)
+ = - A cos(x+ B) + A cos(x+ B)
+ = 0
Ahora demostraremos que y = 1 cosx + 2 senx , y = A cos(x+ B) son, en realidad, una

sola.
y = A cos(x+ B)
y = A cosx cosB A senx senB
Como A cosB y A senB son constantes, pueden asumir el valor de
1 = A cosB y 2 = - A senB
y = 1 cosx + 2 senx = A cos(x+ B)
2
6. Demostrar que ln( 2 ) + ln( 2 ) = A + x se puede escribir as 2 = B
SOLUCION:
2
ln( 2 )+ ln( 2 ) = A + x
2
ln( 2 . ) =A+x
2
ln( 2 ) = A + x
+ = 2
. = 2
Como es una constante = B
Reemplazamos en . = 2
B = 2
7. Demostrar que arc senx arc seny = A se puede escribir as
4
x1 2 y 1 2 = B
SOLUCION:
arc senx arc seny = A
Derivamos:

=0
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
=0
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 = 0
Integramos:
1 2 - 1 2 = 0
x1 2 - y1 2 = 0
8. Demostrar que ln(1 + y) + ln(1 + x) = A se puede escribir como xy + x + y = C
SOLUCION:
ln(1 + y) + ln(1 + x) = A
ln(1 + y)(1 + x) = A
ln(1 + x + y + xy) = 0
= 1 + x + y + xy
1 = x + y + xy
Como 1 es constante, entonces puede tomar el valor
1 = C
x + y + xy = C
9. Demostrar que senhy + coshy = Cx se puede escribir como y =ln(x) + A
SOLUCION:
senhy + coshy = Cx
+
+ = Cx
2 2
= Cx
5
ln Cx = y
ln C + ln x = y
Como lnC es constante entonces le damos el valor de A= ln C
y = ln(x) + A
II.Origen de las ecuaciones diferenciales

Resolver:
1. Se define una curva por la condicin que cada uno de sus puntos (x, y) su pendiente es igual al doble de
la suma de las coordenadas del punto. Exprese
SOLUCION:

La pendiente es m =

= 2(x + y)

= 2x + 2y

= 2 2 + 2yx
2 2
= 12
4(12)2 2 (2)

= (12)2
4(1)

= (12)2
2. Cien gramos de azcar de caa que estn en agua se convierten en dextrosa a una velocidad
que es proporcional a la cantidad que an no se ha convertido. Hallase la ecuacin diferencial
que exprese la velocidad de conversin despus de t minutos.
SOLUCION:
Sea q la cantidad de gramos convertidos en t minutos, el nmero de gramos aun no

convertidos ser (100 q) y la velocidad de conversin vendr dada por
= k (100 q),
donde k es la constante de proporcionalidad.
3. Obtener la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva y = A 2 + Bx + C
SOLUCION:
= A 2 + Bx + C
= 2 Ax + B
6
= 2
= 0
4. Obtener la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva = () + ().
Siendo A y B constantes arbitrarias y a es una constante fija
SOLUCION:
= () + ()
= () + ()
= 2 () 2 () (1)
2 = 2 () + 2 () (2)
+ 2 = 0
5. Obtngase la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva = 2 + +
SOLUCION:
= A 2 + B + C (1)
Multiplicamos con la ecuacin (1)
y = A + B + C
Derivamos respecto a x
- y = A - C (2)
Multiplicamos con la ecuacin (2)
2 - y 2 = A C 2
Derivamos respecto a x
2 - 2 2 - 2 + 2 y 2 = 2C 2 (3)
Multiplicamos 2 con la ecuacin (3)
- 2 - + 2y = 2C
Derivamos
- 3 + 2 = 0
7
6. Obtener la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva y = 1 3 + 2 2 + 3
SOLUCION:
3 2 1 1 1
|| 3
3 2 2

| 6 3 2 1

= | |=0
9 3 4 2 | 9 4 1
27 3 8 2 27 8 1
6 (- 2 + 12 - 22 + 12y) = 0
- 2 + 12 - 22 + 12y = 0
- 6 + 11 - 6y = 0
7. Obtener la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva y = C 2 + 2
SOLUCION:
= C 2+ 2
= 2Cx
= 2C
= 0
8. Halle la ecuacin diferencial de la familia de circunferencia de radio fijo r cuyos centros

estn en el eje x.
SOLUCION:
( )2 + 2 = 2
x a = 2 2
8
1 2
10=2
2 2

1=
2 2
2 2 =
2 2 = 2 ( )2
(1 + ( )2 ) = 2
9. Hallar la ecuacin diferencial de la familia de parbolas cuyos focos estn en el origen y

cuyos ejes estn sobre el eje x
SOLUCION:
2 = 4p(x + a)
2
( + )
= 4p
Derivamos:
2( + )2
( + )2
=0
2( + ) 2 = 0
2 = 2( + )
PRACTICA 2
I.Separacin de variables.
9
Resolver:
1. 3 dx + (y + 1)2 dy = 0
SOLUCION:
3 + (y + 1)2 = 0
4 (y + 1)3
+ =
4 3
2. 2 ( + 1) + 2 ( 1) = 0
SOLUCION:
2 ( + 1) 2 ( 1)
+ = 0
( + 1)( 1) ( 1)( + 1)
2 2
+ = 0
1 +1
( 1)( + 1) ( + 1)( 1)
+ + +
( 1) 1 ( + 1) ( + 1)

( + 1) + + ( 1) + =
1 +1
2 2
+ + | 1| + + | + 1| =
2 2
3. 4 = 2
SOLUCION:
( 2 4) + = 0

+ 2 =0
( 4)

+ = 0
(( 2)2 22 )
1 4
|| + | |=
4
4. ( 3) = 4
SOLUCION:
( 3) 4
=

3 4
=

10
3|| = 4 +
3|| 4 =
5. ( 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
2 ( + 1) + 2 (1 ) = 0
2 2
+ = 0
1 1+
2 2
+ = 0
1 1+
[( 2 1) + 1] [( 2 1) + 1]
+ =
1 1+

( + 1) + ( 1) +
1 +1
2 2
| 1| + + | + 1| =
2 2
2 2 +1
( + ) + | |=
2 1

6. 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 =0

SOLUCION:
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 = 0
1 + 2 (1 + 2 )
+ = 0
(1 + 2 )(1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 )(1 + 2 )

+ = 0
1 + 2 1 + 2
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 =
7. (1 + 3 ) 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
2
=0
1 + 3
2
= 0 = 3 + 1 = 3 2 = 2
1 + 3 3
11

=
3

| 1| =
( 3 + 1)3
= 1 = 2
2
|23 | =
2
= |2|
3
3
= 4
3
= 4
8. + (1 + ) = 0
SOLUCION:
( + 1)
+ =0
( + 1) ( + 1)

+ = 0
+ 1
| + 1| || =
+ 1 + 1
| |= = = = 3, = 600

3 + 1
= = 2(1 + 3 )
600
9. + = 0
SOLUCION:

+ =0

+ = 0

+ || = = =

+ || =
|| =
= 1 = 1
12
= 1
=0
10. =
SOLUCION:
|| = ||
|| + || =
|||| = |||| =
=1 =0
1=
II.Reduccin de variable separable
Resolver:
1.( + ) + (3 + 3 4)
SOLUCION:
+ =

= 1

+ (3 4) = 0
(3 4) (2 4) = 0
(3 4)
= 0
2 4
(3 4)
= 0
2 4
1 2
( + 3) =
2 2
3
| 2| + =
2
2| + 2| + 3 + =
13
2. ( + )2 = 2
SOLUCION:

( + )2 = 2 + =

2 ( 1) = 2 = 1

2 ( ) = 2
2 = (2 + 2 )
2
=
2 + 2
2
=
2 + 2
2 2
( + 1 1) = + =
2 + 2 2 + 2
1 +
2 ( ) 1 ( ) + = + 1 ( )+ =

3. = 2 ( + + )
SOLUCION:
+ + =

+( )=

1
= ( )

= 2
1
( ) = 2

= 2
( + 2 ) = 0

= 0
+ 2
4. + 1 = ( + )
SOLUCION:
14

+1=
+

=
+
+
=

(1 + ) =
+1
+ = + =+
+1
( + )+1 ( + )+1
++ = + + =
+1 +1
5. 2 ( + ) = 2
SOLUCION:
2 2 + 3 = 2 =

2 + 2 = 2 =

( )
2
( ) + 2 = 2
2
()2
2 ( ) 3 + = 2 2

2 2 2 = 0
2 2 = 0
2 2 = 0
3 2 2
=
3 2
6. ( + 3 ) 3 2 = 0
SOLUCION:

() +1=0

+ = 0
( + 1) =
15

= = | + 1| =
+1
7. = ( + ) 1
SOLUCION:
1 = () 1 + =

= 0 = 1

= 0

|| =
|( + )| =
8. (6 + 4 + 3) + (3 + 2 + 2) = 0
SOLUCION:
(2(3 + 2) + 3) + (3 + 2 + 2) = 0
(2(3 + 2 + 2 2) + 3) + (3 + 2 + 2) = 0
2 3
3 + 2 + 2 = 2 3 + = =
2 2
(2 1) + = 0
3
(2 1) + ( )=0
2 2
3
(2 1) + ( )=0
4
(2 1)4 + 3 = 0
(5 4) =

=
5 4
1 5 1 5
= = ( + 1 1)
5 5 4 5 5 4
1 4
= [ + ]
5 5 4
4
= |5 4| +
5 5
9. cos( + ) = ( + ) + ( + )
16
SOLUCION:
cos( + ) = ( + )( + ) + =
cos(x + y) dy
=1+ = 1
xsen(x + y) dx
= 0

= 0

1
|| | |=

|( + )| =
10. ( + 1) + (1 + + 2 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:

= = = 2

( + 1) + (1 + + 2 ) = 0
( + 1)
+ (1 + + 2 ) =0

( + 1)
+ (1 + + 2 ) ( 2) = 0

( + 1) 3
+ (1 + + 2 ) ( ) ( + 1) ( ) = 0

3
(1 + + 2 ) ( ) = 0

3 (1 + + 2 )
(1 + + 2 ) = 0 =0
3
(1 + + 2 )
3
= 0

2
|| 1 =
2
1 1
|| 2 2 =
2
17
1 1
|| 2 2=
2
11. ( 2 ) ( + 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
(1 ) (1 + ) = 0 =
(1 )
= =
(1 + )

2
(1 ) ( )
( )= =
(1 + ) 2
(1 )
=
1+
2
=
1+
1 (1 + )
=0
2
1 (1 + )
= 0
2
1
|| (|| + ) =
2

| 1| =
2
2

| 1| =
2
()2
1
2
( ) =
2
12. (1 + 2 2 ) + ( 2 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
2
= = 2

3
(1 + + 2 ) + ( 2 ) = 0

(1 + 2 ) + 2 ( 1) = 0
18

(1 + 2 ) + 2 ( 1) =0

(1 + 2 ) + 2 ( 1) ( 2) = 0

(1 + 2 ) + 2 ( 1) ( 1) = 0

(1 + 2 ) + ( 1) ( 2 1) = 0
(2 ) + ( 1) = 0
1
+ = 0
2
1
+ = 0
2

+ = 0
2
|| + |2 | 2 = 0
|| + |2 | || = 0
1
| | + |2 | = 0

13. = 0 = 2
2
SOLUCION:

= 0 = = (2 + 1)
2

= (2 + 1)
2

= (2 + 1)
2

= (2 + 1)
2

= (2 + 1) +
2

14. = 1
SOLUCION:

= 1

= 0 =0 = 0

19
15. =
SOLUCION:
= +
16
16. 2 + 1 = 0 3
; +
SOLUCION:

2 + 1 = 0

2 + = 0

+ =0
2

+ = 0
2
1
=

3
16 1 3 1
( ) = =
3 2
17. =
SOLUCION:
1
= ln(1 + 2 ) +
2
20
PRACTICA 3
I.Funciones homogneas:
1. (, ) = 2 4 3
SOLUCION:
(, ) = ()2 () 4()3
= 3 ( 2 4 3 )
= 3

2. (, ) = 2 ()
SOLUCION:

(1, 1) = (1)2 ( ) = 12 2 ( )

= 2
3
3. (, ) = 3 3
SOLUCION:
3
(, ) = ()3 ()3
3
= 3 3
= 1
2 2
4. (, ) =

SOLUCION:
(1)2 (1)2 2 2
(1, 1) = = 10 ( )
(1)(1)
= 0
5. (, ) = 2 + .
SOLUCION:
6. (, ) =
21
SOLUCION:
(1, 1) = 1

7. (, ) =
SOLUCION:

(, ) = = 0 /
= 1
8. (, ) = ( 2 + 2 )3/2
SOLUCION:
3 3
(1, 1) = [(1x)2 + (1y)2 ]2 = 13 (x 2 + y 2 )2
= 3
9. (, ) = 5 + 6
SOLUCION:

10.(, ) =

SOLUCION:

(, ) = () ( ) () ( ))

(, ) = ( ( ) ( ))

(, ) = 1 (, )
= 1
II.Si (, ) + (, ) = 0 es homognea, demostrar que se separan las variables

consideremos una ecuacin diferencial ordinaria homognea.
SOLUCION:
(, ) + (, ) = 0 (1)
Entonces (, ) = (, ) (, ) = (, ) (2)
22
1
Esto es porque la ecuacin diferencial (1) es homognea, haciendo; = en la ecuacin (2) se
tiene:
1
(1, ) = (, ) (, ) = (1, )

(, ) = (1, ) = (1, ) = (), =

Es decir: (, ) = (), =

1
(1, ) = (, ) (, ) = (1, )

(, ) = (1, ) = (1, ) = (1, ) = (), =

Es decir: (, ) = (), = ()
Como = = +
Reemplazando (3), (4), (5) en (1) se tiene:
() + ()( + ) = 0
Simplificando:
() + ()( + ) = 0, Agrupando y separando la variable se tiene:
()
+ = 0, Que es una ecuacin diferencial de variable separable:
()+()
Anlogamente se hace para
1
= , =

III.Ecuaciones Diferenciales Homogneas:

Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales:
1.( 3 + 3 ) 3 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
= = +
( 3 + 3 ) 3 3 2 ( + ) = 0
3 ( + 1) 3 4 2 3 3 3 = 0
3 ( + 1 33 ) 3 4 2 = 0
2
3 =
(1 + 33 )
23
1 2 3
= + (1 3 )
2
2. 2 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
( + 2 + 2 ) = 0 ()
Sea: =
= +
En (a):
( + 2 + 2 ) ( + ) = 0
1 2 =

= +
1 2
= +

( ) =

( )
=

3. (2 6 + 3 ) 3 cosh = 0
SOLUCION:
= = +
(2 + 3) 3 2 . ( + )
2 3 2 . = 0
2
=
3
2
( ) =
3
4. (2 + 3) + ( ) = 0
SOLUCION:
= +
24
(2 + 3() + ( )( + )
( 2 + 2 + 2) + ( 1) = 0
( 1)
= 2 +
( + 2 + 2)
1
+ ( 2 + 2 + 2) = 2( + 1) =
2
2 + 2 + 2
( ) = 2( + 1)

+4
2 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 4 ( )

5. (1 + 2 ) + 2 (1 ) = 0 (1)
SOLUCION:

= . + =

De (1):
2 (1 + )
=
= +
(1 + 2 )
(1 + 2 )
=
(2 + )

[ (1 + 2 ) + (2 )] =

6. ( 2 + 3 + 2 ) 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
= +
( 2 + 3() + 2 2 ) 2 ( + ) = 0
( 2 + 2 + 1) =

= 2 +
( + 2 + 1)
1
+ =
+1

( ) + =0
+
25

= +
7. ( + 2 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
= = +
( + 2 1) ( + ) = 0

=
2 1
2
( + (( ) 1) =

8. ( + ) + ( ) = 0
SOLUCION:
= +
( ()) + ( + ) = 0
+ = 0

+ =

+ ( 1) =

( ) =

( )
= . ( )

9. ( ( )) + . ( ) = 0
SOLUCION:
= = +
( . . ) + ( + ) = 0

+ =

1 2
+ . ( ) (1 + ( ) ) =
2
26
10. / + / = 0
SOLUCION:
= = +
1
4 + ( + ) = 0
1
( + 2 ) + = 0

+ 1 =0

+ 2

= 1 =

+ 2

= 1
+ 2

11. ( ( )) + ( ) = cos ( )
SOLUCION:
= = +
( + ) = ( + )
= +

= , =

= ( )

IV.Ecuaciones diferenciales reductibles a homogneas:
Resolver:
1. (2 5 + 3) (2 + 4 6) = 0
SOLUCION:
2 5 + 3 = 0 =1

{ , ( , )
2 4 6 = 0 =1 11
=+ , =+
27
=+ , =+1
[2( + 1) 5( + 1) + 3] [2( + 1) 4( + 1) 6] = 0
: (2 + 5) (2 + 4) = 0
(2 5)
= . + =
(22 7 4)
1 1 1 4 1
+ [2 ( ) 7( ) 4] + [2 ( ) 4] =
2 1 1 5 1
2. ( 1) + (4 + 1) = 0 ()
SOLUCION:
: = 0 + ; = 0 + ; = 1 ; = 0
En (m):
(0 0 )0 + (0 + 40 ) = 0
: 0 = 0 = 0 + 0
(0 0 )0 + (0 + 40 )(0 + 0 ) = 0
(1 4 2 )0 + 0 (1 + 4)
0 (1 + 4)
+ =
0 (1 4 2 )
1 1 + 2 1
0 + ( ) (1 4 2 ) =
4 1 2 2
0
0 = (1 2 ( ))
0

= (1 2 ( )) + 1
1
3. ( 4 9) + (4 + 2) = 0
SOLUCION:
= 0 + , = 0 +
4 = 9
= 1 ; = 2 {
4 + = 2
(0 + 1 4(0 2) 9) + (4(0 + 1) + (0 2) 2) = 0
(0 40 ) + (40 + 0 ) = 0
0 = 0 0 = 0 + 0
28
(0 40 ) + (40 + 0 )(0 + 0 ) = 0
0 ( + 4)
+ 2 =
0 +1
1
0 + ( 2 + 1) + 4() = 0
2
+2
( 1)2 + ( + 2)2 = 4(1)
4. ( 1) ( + 3 5) = 0
SOLUCION:
( + 3 5) ( 1) = 0
= 0 + 2 ; = 0 + 1
(0 + 30 )0 (0 0 )0 = 0
0 = 0 0 = 0 + 0
(0 + 30 )0 (0 0 )(0 + 0 ) = 0
(3 2)0 + 0 ( 1) = 0
0 ( 1)
2 =
0 3
1 1 3
0 ( 2 3) ( ) =
2 6 3
0 = ( 3 2 + 9)1/3
1
2= [9( 2)2 ( 1) 6( 2)( 1)2 + ( 1)3 ]3
2
5. (4 2 ) + (3 2 1) = 0
SOLUCION:
= = ( 1 )
4 2 + (3 2 2)( 1 ) = 0
2 1 = 1 = 2
= 2 2 3
4 4 + (3 2 2 )(2 3 ) = 0
4. 2(3 2 2 ) = 0
= = +
4 2 (6 2 2 )(. + ) = 0
29
(22 6)
3
+ =0
(2 2)
1
1
1 1
+ (( 1)) 3
2 1

( )
6. ( 4 3 2 ) =
SOLUCION:
Sea = , = 1
Reemplazando en la ecuacin diferencial dada:
+ ( 1 3 2 1 ) = 0 (1)
Para que la ecuacin (1) sea homognea debe cumplirse:

1 1
1
Como = = 2 = 2 2 (2)
Reemplazando (2) en (1) y simplificando se tiene:
2 + ( 2 3 2 ) = 0 (3)
Que es una ecuacin diferencial homognea sea
= = + Reemplazando (4) en (3) simplificando y separando la variable.
2 3
+ 3 = 0

2 3 3
+ 3 = + ( 2 )=
1

Como = , = se tiene:
2 = 4 + 6
7. (2 2 + 3 2 7) (3 2 + 2 2 8) = 0
SOLUCION:
: 2 = ; 2 =
2 = ; 2 =
(2 + 3 7) (3 + 2 8) = 0
= 0 + 2 ; = 0 + 1
30
(20 + 30 )0 (30 + 20 )(0 + 0 ) = 0
2(1 2 )0 (2 + 3)0 = 0
0 (2 + 3)
2 + 2 =
0 +1
3 v1
20 + ln2 ( 2 1) + ln ( ) = LnC
2 v+1
(0 0 )2
= 2 =
0 + 0
2 2 + 1
=
2 + 2 + 3
8. 2 ( + ) = 0
SOLUCION:
= + = + = 0
2 ( ) = 0
2 =
1
2 =
2 4
4 2( + ) 2( + ) = 4 =
9. = ( 4)2
SOLUCION:
Sea 4 =
4 =
= 2
+ 4 = 2
= (2 4)
1
=
2 4
1 2
ln ( )=+
4 +2
1 4 2
ln ( )+ =
4 4 + 2
12. (2 2 + 3 2 7) (3 2 + 2 2 8) = 0
31
SOLUCION:
= 2 = 2 , = 2 = 2

(2 + 3 7) (3 + 2 8) =0
2 2
(2 + 3 7) (3 + 2 8) = 0
Sean:
1 = 2 + 3 7 = 0
2 = 3 + 2 8 = 0
2 + 3 7 = 0 =2
{ { (2, 1)
2 + 2 8 = 0 =1
= +2 , = + 1
(2 + 3) (3 + 2) = 0
Sean = = + reemplazando
2 2+3

+ 2 1 = 0 Integrando
2 2 + 3 3 1
+ 2 = 2 (2 1) + | |=
1 2 +1

Como = , = 1 = 2 1, = 2 = 2 2

3 2 2 + 1
| 4 4 + 4 2 2 2 3| + | 2 |=
2 + 2 3
PRACTICA 4
I. Demostrar que para la ecuacin diferencial
M(x;y) dx + N(x;y) dy = 0 sea exacta, una condicin necesaria y suficiente es
que:
M(x;y) N(x;y)
=
y x
SOLUCION:
(;) + (;) = 0
, ( )
32
(;) (;)
= (;) ; = (;)

(;)
= ( )

(;)
= ( )

(;) (;)
( )= ( )

(; ), :
(;) + (;) = 0

= .

(;)
= (;) (;) = (;) + ()
0
() ,

(;) =
(;)

(;) = ( (;) + () )
0

= + ()
0 (;)

= (;) + ()
0
33
(;) (;)
= :

(;) + () = (;) + ()
0 0

= (;) (0 ;) + ()
:

(;) = (;) (0 ;) + ()

() = (0 ;)
;

() = (0 ;)
0

(;) = (; ) + (0 ;)
0 0
(;) (;)
[0 ; 0 ] [; ],
II. Ecuaciones diferenciales exacta

Resolver:
1. (x 2 + y 2 + x)dx + x
SOLUCION:
: 4 3 3 2 =
3 4 2 2 =

= = 12 3 2 2

(;)
: =

(;) = (4 3 3 2) + ()
34
(;) = 4 3 2 + ()
(;)
= = 3 2 4 2 + () = 3 2 2 2

() = 0 () =
(;) = 4 3 2 +
2. (3 3x y 2x)dx + 3x dy = 0
SOLUCION:
= 3 3 2 ; = 3

= = 3 3

(;)
=

(;) = (3 3 2 ) + ()
(;) = 3 2 + ()
(;)
= = 3 + () = 3 =

() = 0 ; () = ()
(;) = 3 . 2 +
3. ( + ) + ( ) = 0
SOLUCION:
= + ; =

= =

(;)
=

(;) = ( + ) + ()
(;) = + + ()
(;)
= = + + () =

() = 0 ; () =
35
(;) = + +
2 2
4. (2 2) + = 0
SOLUCION:
2 2
= 2 2 ; =
2
= = 2

(;)
=

2
(;) = (2 2) + ()
2
(;) = 2 + ()
(;) 2 2
= = + () =

() = 0 ; () =
2
(;) = 2 +
5. (6 5 3 + 4 5 3 ) + (3 6 2 + 5 4 4 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
= 6 5 3 + 4 5 3 ; = 3 6 2 + 5 4 4

= = 18 5 2 + 20 3 4

(;)
=

(;) = (6 5 3 + 4 5 3 ) + ()
(;) = 6 3 + 4 5 + ()
(;)
= = 3 2 6 + 5 4 4 + ()

() = 0 ; () =
(;) = 6 3 + 4 5 +
6. (2 3 + 3) + (3 + 1) = 0
SOLUCION:
36
= 2 3 + 3 ; = 3 + 1

= =3

(;)
=

(;) = (2 3 + 3 ) + ()
1
(;) = 4 + 3 + ()
2
(;)
= = 3 + () = 3 + 1

2
() = 1 ; () =
2
4 2
(;) = + 3 + +
2 2
2 2
7. ( 2 + 4 3 ) + (2 3 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
2 2
= 2 + 4 3 ; = 2 3 2
(;)
=

2
(;) = ( 2 + 4 3 ) + ()
2
(;) = + 4 + ()
(;) 2
= = 2 + ()

() = 3 2 ; () = 3 +
2
(;) = + 4 3 +
8. (2 2 + 2) + (2 2 + 2) = 0
SOLUCION:
= 2 2 + 2 ; = 2 2 + 2

= = 4 + 2

(;)
=

37
(;) = (2 2 + 2 ) + ()
(;) = 2 + 2 2 + ()
(;)
= = 2 + 2 2 + () = 2 2 + 2

() = 0 ; () =
(;) = 2 2 + 2 +
9. ( 2) + ( + 2) = 0
SOLUCION:
= 2 ; = + 2

= = + 2

(;)
=

(;) = ( 2 ) + ()
(;) = 2 + ()
(;)
= = + 2 + ()

() = 0 ; () =
(;) = 2 +
10. (2 3 + ) + (3 2 2 + ) = 0
SOLUCION:
= 2 3 + ; = 3 2 2 +

= = 6 2 +

(;)
=

(;) = (2 3 + ) + ()
(;) = 2 3 + + ()
(;)
= = 3 2 2 + + ()

38

() = 0 ; () =
(;) = 2 3 + +
1 1
11. ( + + ) + ( + ) = 0

SOLUCION:
1 1
= + + ; = +

= = +

(;)
=

1
(;) = ( + + ) + ()

(;) = + + ()
(;)
= = + ()

1
() = ; () = +

(;) = + + +

12. (1+2 + ) + (1+2 + ) = 0
SOLUCION:

= + ; = +
1 + 2 1 + 2
1 1
= = +
1 + 2 1 + 2
(;)
=

(;) = ( + ) + ()
1 + 2
(;) = + + ()
(;)
= = + + ()
1 + 2
1
() = ; () = +

39
(;) = + +
III. Parte 3
Resolver:
1. ( 2 + 2 + ) + = 0
SOLUCION:
= 2 + 2 + ; =

= 2 =

2 1
= = ()

() = =
( 2 + 2 + ) + 2

= 2 = = 2

(;)
=

(;) = ( 3 + 2 + 2 ) + ()
4 22 3
(;) = + + + ()
4 2 3
(;)
= = 2 + () = 2

() = 0 ; () = +
4 22 3
(;) = + + +
4 2 3
2. (1 2 ) + 2 ( ) = 0
SOLUCION:
= 1 2 ; = 2 ( )

= 2 =

2 1
= = ()

40
1
() = =
2
1 1
2
(1 2 ) + 2 ( 2 3 ) = 0

= 1 = = 1

(;)
=

1
(;) = ( ) + ()
3
1
(;) = + ()

(;)
= = + () =

2
() = ; () = +
2
1 2
(;) = + +
2
3. (2 2 4 + 2 3 + ) + ( 4 4 2 2 3) = 0
SOLUCION:
= 2 2 4 + 2 3 + ; = 4 4 2 2 3
= 8 3 4 + 2 4 4 + 6 2 + 1

= 2 4 2 2 3

(8 3 4 + 2 4 4 + 6 2 + 1 2 4 + 2 2 + 3 4
2 4 3
= = ()
(2 + 2 + )
4 1

() = =
4
1 1
4
(2 4 4 4 + 2 3 + ) + 4 ( 2 4 4 2 2 3) = 0

= 2 2 2 3 4 = = 2 2 2 3 4

41
(;)
=

2 1
(;) = ( 2 + + ) + ()
3
2
(;) = 2 + + + ()
3
(;) 3 2 3
= = 2 4 + () = 2 2 4

() = 0 ; () =
2
(;) = 2 + + + +
3
y
4. x dx + (y 3 lnx)dy = 0
SOLUCION:
1 1
= =

1 2
= = = ()

2 1

() = =
2
1 1
2
. + 2 ( 3 ) = 0

1 1
= 2 = =
2
(;)
=

1
(;) = ( ) + ()

(;) = + ()

(;)
= = 2 + () = 2

2
() = ; () = +
2
2
(;) = + +
2
42
5. (2 3 2 + 4 2 + + 2 2 + 2 + 2) + 2( 3 + 2 + + ) = 0
SOLUCION:

= 4 3 + 4 2 + 4 + 4 3 + 2 = 4 + 2

2
() = 2 =
2 2
(2 3 2 + 4 2 + 2 2 + 4 + 2) + 2 ( 3 + 2 + ) = 0
2 2 2 2
= 4 3 + 4 4 3 3 + 2
2 2 2 2 2
= 4 3 + 4 2 4 + 4 3 + 2
(;)
=

2 2 2
(;) = ( 2 3 + 2 2 3 + 2 ) + ()
2
4 2
(;) = + 2 2 2 + 2 + ()
2
(;) 4
2
2
= = + 2 2 2 + 2 + ()
2
2 2 2 2 2
= 2 3 2 + 4 2 + 2 2 + 4 + 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
() = + + + 2
2 2 2 2 4
2 2
2
4
+ + +
2
2
4 2 2
(;) = + 2 + 2 + ()
2
IV. Factores integrantes por simple inspeccin:
1. + (1 3 2 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
2
+ 3 3 2 = 0 .
3
2 1
( + ) + 2 3 2 = 0
3 33
43
2 ( + ) 2 3 2
+ =0
3 33 33
2 ( + ) 2
+ =0
3 33
1 2
( ) + (2) =
3
1 1
+ 2 =
3 ()2
2. + + 4 3 ( 2 + 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
+ 4 3 ( 2 + 2 )
+ =0
( 2 + 2 ) ( 2 + 2 )
+
+ 4 3 = 0
( 2 + 2 )
1 ( 2 + 2 )
+ ( 4 ) = 0
2 ( 2 + 2 )
1 ( 2 + 2 )
+ ( 4 ) = 0
2 ( 2 + 2 )
1
| 2 + 2 | + 4 =
2
3. (1 2 ) = 0
SOLUCION:
(1 2 )
=0
2 2
1
2
( 2 1) = 0

1 1
2 2 +

2 1
++ =

4. + + ( 2 + 2 )2 = 0
SOLUCION:
1
: + = ( 2 + 2 )
2
44
+ ( 2 + 2 )2
+ =0
( 2 + 2 )2 ( 2 + 2 )2
1 ( 2 + 2 )
+ = 0
2 ( 2 + 2 )2
1 1
+ =
2 ( + 2 )
2
5. ( + ) + 1 2 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
( + ) 1 2 2
+ =0
1 2 2 1 2 3
1 ( + ) 1
+ ( ) =0
2 1
2 2 2
1 1
(1 2 2 ) 2 + =

1 ||
(1 2 2 ) 2 =
2
6. ( 3 + 2 ) + ( 3 + 2 + ) = 0
SOLUCION:
(( 2 + 2 ) ) + (( 2 + 2 ) + ) = 0

[( 2 + 2 ) ] + [ ( 2 + 2 ) + 1] = 0

( 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 + 2 ) + = 0

( + ) ( )
( 2 + 2 ) + =0

( 2 + 2 )( + ) + ( ) = 0
( )
( + ) + =0
( 2 + 2 )
1
( 2 + 2 ) + ( ) =
2
1 2
( + 2 ) + =
2
7. (4 + 2) + 3 (3 + 3) = 0
SOLUCION:
45
4 + 2 2 + 3 4 + 3 3 = 0
(4 + 3 4 ) + (2 2 + 5 3 ) = 0
(4 + 3 4 ) (2 2 + 5 3 )
+ =0

3 3 2
(4 + ) + ( + 5 2 ) = 0

5
4 + 3 3 + 2 + 3 =
3
PRACTICA 5
I. Ecuaciones lineales:
RESOLVER:

1. + 2 = 4
SOLUCION:
() = 2
() = 4
= () [ () () + ]
= 2 [ 2 4 + ]
2 2
= [ 4 + ]
2 2 2
= = 2 2 = 4
2
= [ 2 + ]
2 2
= [2 + ]
2
= 2 +

2. = + 3 + 3 2 2
SOLUCION:

= + 2 + 3 2

46
1
( ) = ( 2 + 3 2)

1
() =

() = 2 + 3 2
= () [ () () + ]
1 1
( ) )
= 2 [ (2 ( 2 + 3 2) + ]
= [ ( 2 + 3 2) + ]
= [ 1 ( 2 + 3 2) + ]
2
= [ ( 1 + 3 ) + ]

1
= [ 2 + 3 2|| + ]
2
1
= 3 + 3 2 2 +
2

3. ( 2) = + 2( 2)3
SOLUCION:

= + 2( 2)2
2
1
() = 2( 2)2
2
1
() =
2
() = 2( 2)2
= () [ () () + ]
1 1
( ) )
= 2 [ (2 2( 2)2 + ]
= ( 2) [2 ( 2) + ]
= ( 2)[ 2 4 + ]
= 3 6 2 + 8 + ( 2)
47

4. + = 5 ; = 2 , = 4
SOLUCION:
() =
() = 5
= () [ () () + ]
= [ 5 + ]
= || [ || 5 + ]
= [ 5 + ]
= =
= [5 + ]
= [5 + ]
= 5 +

= ; = 4
2
cos()
4 = 5 csc ( ) 2 + csc ( )
2 2
4 = 5 0 + . 1
4 = 5 +
=1
= 5 +

5. 3 + (2 3 2 ) = 3
SOLUCION:
2 3
+ ( 3 ) = 1

2 3
+ ( 3 ) = 1

2 3
() = ( 3 )

48
() = 1
= () [ () () + ]
2 3 2 3
( 3 ) ( 3 )
= [ 1 + ]
2 +3 2 3
= [ + ]
2 3 2
= [ 3 + ]
2 2 2
= = 2 3 = 3
2
2 1
= 3 [ + ]
2
2 1 2
= 3 [ + ]
2
1 2 2
= 3 2 + 3
2

6. ( ) =
SOLUCION:
= =
1
=1

= (1 )

(1 ) = ( )

=

1 2 1 2
= + 1
2 2
49
2 = 2 + / = 21
( )2 = 2 +

7. 22 = 1 22 22
SOLUCION:
22() = 1 2(2) 22
() = 2(2)
() = 1 2(2) 2 csc(2)
= () [ () () + ]
= 2(2) [ 2(2) (1 2(2) 2 csc(2)) + ]
= |2| [ |2| (1 2(2) 2 csc(2)) + ]
= (2) [(2 2 csc(2) (2) 2 2 (2)) + ]
1 1 1
= (2) [ |2| 2 ( csc(2)) 2 ( (2)) + ]
2 2 2
1
= (2) [ |2| + csc(2) + (2) + ]
2
1
= 2. |2| + cos(2) + + 1
2
1
= 2. |2| + cos(2) + / =+1
2

8. + 2 = 2 + 2
SOLUCION:
() = 2
() = 2 + 2
= () [ () () + ]
50
= 2 [ 2 ( 2 + 2) + ]
= 2 [ 2 ( 2 + 2) + ]
= 2 + 2 = (2 + 2)
1
= 2 = 2
2
1
= 2 [( ( 2 + 2) 2 ( + 1) 2 ) + ]
2
= + 1 =
1
= 2 = 2
2
1 1 1
= 2 [( ( 2 + 2) 2 ( ( + 1) 2 2 )) + ]
2 2 2
1 1 1
= 2 [ ( 2 + 2) 2 ( + 1) 2 + 2 + ]
2 2 4
1 3
= 2 [ 2 ( 2 + ) + ]
2 2
1
= ( 2 + 1) + 2
2

9. = 3 (3|| 1)
SOLUCION:
1 3|| 1
( ) = 2 ( )

1
() =

3|| 1
() = 2 ( )

= () [ () () + ]
1 1 3|| 1
= [ 2 ( ) + ]

51
3|| 1
= || [ || 2 ( ) + ]

1 3|| 1
= () [ ( ) 2 ( ) + ]

3|| 1
= () [ 2 ( ) + ]

3
= () [ ( ) + ]

3
= () ( + )
||
= 3 +

10. + () () () = 0

SOLUCION:
+ () = () ()
() = ()
() = () ()
()
= [ () () () + ]
= () [ () () () + ]
= () = ()
= () () = ()
= () [() () () () + ]
= () [() () () + ]
= () [ () (() 1) + ]
= () 1 + ()
1
11. = +22
SOLUCION:
52
= + 22
= 22 ( x)
() =
() = 22
= [ (22) + ]
= [ (22) + ]
= [4 + ]
= =
= =
= [4 (. . ) + ]
= [4. 4 . + ]
= [4. + 4 + ]
= [4 (1 ) + ]
= 4(1 ) +

= 82 ( ) + .
2
2
12. () = 2 2 / (2) = 4
+1
SOLUCION:
() = ()
() = 2 2
= () [ () () + ]
53
= () [ () (2 2 ) + ]
= || [ || (2 2 ) + ]
= () [()(2 2 ) + ]
(2 2 )
= () [ ( ) + ]

= ( 2 + + + )
= 2 + + 1 + .
2
= ; = +1
2 4
2 2
+ 1 = ( ) + + 1 + .
4 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
+1= + +1+
4 4 2

=
2

= 2 + + 1 +
2

13. (1 + 2 ) ln(1 + 2 ) 2 = (1 + 2 ) 2

SOLUCION:

2
2 1 2
( ) = ( )
(1 + 2 )(1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 )(1 + 2 )
2
() =
(1 + 2 )(1 + 2)
1 2
() = 2
( )
(1 + ) (1 + 2 )(1 + 2 )
= () [ () () + ]
54
2 2 1 2

= (1+ 2 )(1+ 2 ) [ (1+2 )(1+ 2 ) ( ) + ]
(1 + ) (1 + 2 )(1 + 2 )
2
2 )] 2 )] 1 2
= [(1+ [ [(1+ ( ) + ]
(1 + ) (1 + 2 )(1 + 2 )
2
1 1 2
= (1 + 2 ) [ ( ) ( ) + ]
(1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 )(1 + 2 )
1 2
= (1 + 2 ) [ ( ) + ]
(1 + )(1 + ) (1 + 2 )2 (1 + 2 )
2 2

= (1 + 2 ) [ ( ) + ]
(1 + 2 )

= (1 + 2 ) [ + ]
(1 + 2 )
= + (1 + 2 )

;
2

2 2
= ( )= =00
(1 + 2 )
=0
=

14. 2 = 2,
SOLUCION:
() = 2
() = 2
= () [ () () + ]
= 2 [ 2 ( 2) + ]
2 2
= [ ( 2) + ]
2 2 2
= [( 2. ) + ]
2 2
= [ ( 2) + ]
55
2 2
= 1 2. + .
1
15. =
SOLUCION:
+ =
() = 1
() =
= () [ () () + ]
= [ + ]
= [ 2 + ]
1
= [ 2 + ]
2
1
= +
2
II. Ecuaciones de bernulli:
Resolver:

1. = 5
SOLUCION:

5
5 = 5 5

5
4 = ()
Luego, hacemos:

= 4
= 4 5
1
4
= 5
Reemplazando en ()
56
1
=
4
+ 4 = 4
De la ecuacin general:
= [ + ]
= 4 [ 4 (4) + ]
= 4 [4 4 + ]
Integrando por partes:
= =
1
= 4 = 4
4
1 1
= 4 [4( 4 4 ) + ]
4 4
1
= 4 [ 4 + 4 + ]
4
1
= + 4 + 4
1
4 = + + 4
4

2.
+ 2 + 4 = 0
SOLUCION:
+ 2 = 4

4 + 2. 4 = 4 4

4 + 2 3 = ()

= 3 = 3 4

1
= 4
3
57
():
1
+ 2 =
3
6 = 3
= [ + ]
= 6 [ 6 3 + ]
2 2
= 3 [3 3 + ]
= 3 2 = 6
2 1
= 3 [3 ( ) + ]
6
2 1
= 3 [ + ]
2
2 1 32
= 3 [ + ]
2
1 2
= 2
+ 3
: = 3
1 2
3 = + 3
2
1 1
3.
+ 3 = 3 (1 2) 4
SOLUCION:
1 1
4 + . 4 = (1 2) 4 . 4
3 3
1 3 1
4 + = (1 2) ()
3 3

= 3 = 3 4

58
1
= 4
3
= [ + ]
= [ (2 1) + ]
= [(2 1) + ]
= 2 1 = 2
= =
= [(2 1) + 2 + ]
= [(2 1) 2 + ]
= 2 + 1 2 +
= 2 1 +
: = 3
3 = 2 1 +

4. + = 2 ( )

SOLUCION:

2 + . 2 = ( ) 2 . 2

2 + 2 = ( ) ()

= 1 = 2

= 2

():
59
+ 2 = ( )
= [ + ]
= [ ( ) + ]
= [( ) + ]
= [ + ]
= +
: = 1
1 = +
5. [ + 3 (1 + )] = 0
SOLUCION:

3 (1 + ) = 0

1
= (1 + lnx) 3
1
3 . 3 = (1 + lnx) 3 . 3

1
3
2 = (1 + lnx) ()

= 2
= 2 3
1
= 3
2
():
1 1
= (1 + )
2
60
2
+ = 2( + 1)

= [ + ]
2 2
= [ 2( + 1) + ]
= 2 [2 2 ( + 1) + ]
= 2 [2( 2 + 2 ) + ]
1
= = ( )

1
= 2 = 3
3
1 1 1
= 2 [2(3 3 9 3 + 3 3 ) + ]
2 4
= 2 [( 3 3 9 3 + )]
2 4
= + 2
3 9
2 2
= 3
( + 3) + 2
: = 2
2 2
2 = 3
( + 3) + 2
6. 2 + 2 = 3
SOLUCION:

2 + 2 = 3

1 3
+ ( ) =
2
1 1
3
+ () . 3 = 2 3 . 3
1 1
3 + ( ) 2 = ()
2
61

= 2
= 2 3
1
= 3
2
():
1 1 1
=
2 2
2
+ = 1

= [ + ]
2 2
= [ () + ]
= 2 [ 2 + ]
= 2 ( 1+C)
= + 2
: = 2
2 = + 2

7. = 2 +3
SOLUCION:
2 + 3
=

3
=

2 = 3 ()

= 2
= 2
1
=
2
62
():
1
= 3
2
2 = 2 3
= [ + ]
= 2 [ 2 2 3 + ]
2 2
= [(2 2 . )( ) + ]
= 2 = 2
2
= [()( )() + ]
2
= [ + ]
= =
= =
2
= [( 2 + ]
2 2 2
= [( 2 + )]
= 2 1 +
: = 2
2 = 2 1 +
8. 2 ( 6 2 ) = 2
SOLUCION:
( 8 2 2 ) = 2
2
= 8
2 2
63
2 8
+ =
2 2
2 2 8

+ 2
= 2
()

= 2 = 2

1
=
2
():
1 2 8
+ =
2 2 2
+ 2 = 8
= [ + ]
2 2
= [ 8 + ]
1 3 1 3

= 3 [( 6 . 2 ) ( 3 ) + ]
1
= 3 3 = 2
1 3

= 3 [(9 2 )( )() + ]
1 3
= 3 [9 2 + ]
1 3

= 3 [9 ( 2 2 + 2) + ]
1 3 1 3 1 2

= 3 [9 3 ( 6 3 + 2) + ]
9 3
1 3

= 6 6 3 + 18 + 3
: = 2
64
1 3
2 = 6 6 3 + 18 + 3
3
9. + ( 2
) =0
SOLUCION:

+ = 3
2
3
+ =
2
3
3 + 3 = 3
2
2 1
3 + = ()
2

= 2
= 2 3
1
= 3
2
():
1 1 1
2
+ = 2
2
+ =1

= [ + ]
2 2

= [ () + ]
= 2 [ ( 2 ) + ]
= 2 ( 1 + )
= + 2
: = 2
2 = + 2
10. 3 = (1 + 3 3 )
65
SOLUCION:
3 = [ + 3 4 ]
4
= +
3 3
1 4
( ) =
3 3
1 4 4
4 ( ) . 4 = .
3 3
1 3
4 ( ) = ()
3 3

= 3
= 3 4
1
= 4
3
():
1 1
3
(3 3
) =
1 3
+ ( ) =

= [ + ]
1 1 3
= () [ () ( ) + ]

3
= + [ + ( ) + ]

3
= 1 [( )( ) + ]

= 1 [3 ( ) + ]

= =
1
= 1 [3 ( () + ]

66
1
= 1 [3 ( () + ]

= = =
= 1 [3 2 () + ]
= 1 [ 3 + ]
= 1 2 + 1
: = 3
3 == 1 2 + 1
3
11. 3x
2 = 2
SOLUCION:
2 2 2
3 =
2 2 2 2
2 . 2 = .
3 3
2 3 2
2 = ()
3 3
1
= 3
= 3 2 3
= 2
():
1 2 2
3
+ 3 = 3
= [ + ]
2 2 2
= ( 3 [ 3 ( ) + ]
3
2 1 2
= 3 [ ( 2 ) ( 3 ) + ]
3
2 4
1
= 3 [3 3 + ]
67
2 1 3 7
= 3 [ . 3 + ]
3 7
2 1 7
= 3 [ . 3 + ]
7
2
1
= 7 3 + 3
: = 3
1 2
3 = 3 + 3
7
12. (2 3 ) + 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
+ 3 = 3
1
3 . 3 = 3 . 3
2
1 2
3 = 1 ()
2
Luego hacemos:
1
= 2
= 2 3 2
= 3
Reemplazando en ():
1 1
2
2 = 1
1
+ =2

= [ + ]
1 1
= ( [ (2) + ]
= 1 [2 + ]
= 1 [ 2 + ]
= + 1
: = 2
68
2 = + 1

13. 2 + 2 =
SOLUCION:
+ 2 = 2
.
+ =
2 2
1 1
+( ) 2 = ()
2 2
1
= 2
= 2 3 2
= 3
():
1 1 1
+( ) =
2 2 2
+ () =
= [ + ]
= [ () + ]
= [ + ]
= [ + ]
= ( + )
= +
: = 2
2 = +
1
14.
+ +1 = 2 ( + 1)3 2
SOLUCION:
69
. 2 1
2
+ +1 = 2
( + 1)3 2 2
1 1
2 +( ) 1 = ( + 1)3 ()
+1 2

= 1 = 2 = 2

():
1 1
+ (+1) = 2
( + 1)3
1 1
+( ) = ( + 1)3
+1 2
= [ + ]
1 1 1
= +1 [ +1 ( + 1)3 + ]
2
1
= ( + 1) [ ( + 1)2 + ]
2
=+1 =
1
= ( + 1) [ 2 + ]
2
1
= ( + 1) [ 3 + ]
6
1
= ( + 1) [ ( + 1)3 + ]
6
1
= ( + 1)4 + ( + 1)
6
: = 1
1
1 = 6 ( + 1)4 + ( + 1)
PRACTICA 6
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES DE ORDEN n
70
I.Independencia lineal de funciones.

En cada uno de los casos, averiguar si las funciones dadas son o no, linealmente
independientes. (Por definicin algebraica).
Resolver:
1. 1 () = , 2 () =
SOLUCION:
1 + 2 = 0 (1)
1 2 = 0 (2)
(1) + (2)
21 = 0
1 = 0
(2)
2 = 0
: 1 () , 2 () .
2. 1 () = , 2 () = 2 , 3 () =
SOLUCION:
1 + 22 + 3 = 0 (1)
1 + 2 2 3 = 0 (2)
(1) + (2)
21 + 42 = 0
1 + 22 = 0
3 = 0
3 = 0 1 2 0
1 (), 2 (), 3 () .
3. 1 () = , 2 () = 2 , 3 () = 2
SOLUCION:
1 + 2 2 + 3 2 = 0 (1)
71
1 + 2 2 + 2 3 = 0 (2)
2 3 = 0 (3)
3 = 0
1 + 22 = 0
1 2
1 (), 2 (), 3 () .
4. 1 () = () , 2 () = ()
SOLUCION:
1 () + 2 () = 0 (1)
1 () 2 () = 0 (2)
(1) ()
1 2 () + 2 () () = 0 (3)
(2) ()
1 2 () 2 () () = 0 (4)
(3) + (4)
1 2 () + 1 2 () = 0
1 (2 () + 2 ()) = 0
1
1
1
1 = 0
1
1 = 0 2 = 0
1 (), 2 () .
5. 1 () = 1 , 2 (), 3 () = 2
SOLUCION:
1 (1) + 2 () + 3 ( 2 ) = 0
72
2 + 23 = 0
3 = 0
2 = 0
1 = 0
1 (), 2 () , 3 .
6. 1 () = () , 2 () = ()
SOLUCION:
1 () + 2 () = 0
(1 () + 2 () = 0
1 () + 2 () = 0 (1)
:
1 () 2 () = 0 (2)
(1) ()
1 2 () + 2 () ()
(2) ()
1 2 () 2 () ()
(1) + (2)
1 (2 () + 2 ()) = 0
1 = 0
1 = 0 2 = 0
1 (), 2 ()
7. 1 () = , 2 () = , 3 () =
SOLUCION:
1 + 2 + 3 = 0
1 2 + 2 + 3 = 0
1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 2 = 0
( )(2) + 3
73
1 + 2 + 3 = 0
0 + 2 ( ) + 3 ( ) = 0
0 + 0 + 3 [( + )( + ) + ( 2 2 )] = 0
3 [( )( + + )] = 0
2 ( ) = 0
2 = 0
1 2 = 0 1 = 0
1 () 2 () . .
8. 1 () = ; 2 () = 3 () = 2
SOLUCION:
1 + 2 + 3 2 = 0
1 + 2 + 3 2 = 0
0 + 2 + 23 = 0
0 + 0 + 23 = 0
3 = 0; 2 = 0 1 = 0
1 (); 2 () 3 () . .
WRONSKIANO
I. Hallar el wronskiano de los siguientes conjunto de funciones:
Resolver:
1. 1, , 2 , , 1 / > 1
SOLUCION:

+
( )( )
74
0 0 0 6 .
= 1! 2! 3! . ( 1)! 0
0 0 0 0 0 ( 1)1!
1, , 2 , . 1
= ! ! ! ( )!

2. , ,
,
SOLUCION:
2
| | = (+) () = ( ) (+)

2
| | 0 , . . = ( ) (+)

3. , cosh
SOLUCION:

| | = 2 2 = 1 . . .

4. ,
SOLUCION:

| | = + 2 = 2
1 +

= 0 , . .
0 , . .
= 2
5. ,
SOLUCION:

| |
+

= 2 2 2 2 2
= 2 (2 + 2 ) = 2 0
2 , . .
= 2
75
6. 1 + 2, 2
SOLUCION:
|1 + 2 2 | =
22 2
= 2 22 + 22 2
= 2 22 + 22 2
= 2 (1 + 2 2 2 )
= 2( 2 + 2 + 2 2 2 2 )
=0
1 + 2; 2 . .
=0
7.
SOLUCION:

| | = 2 2 + 2 = 2

; . .
= 2
8. 1, , 2 2
SOLUCION:
1 2 2 1 2 2
|0 4 2 | = |
0 4 2 | = 12
0 8 2
0 0 12 2
1, 2 2 . .
= 12
9. 2, , 2
SOLUCION:
2 2
22
|0 22 | = 2 | |
42
0 42
= 2(42 22)
76
= 2(22 22 + 22)
= 2(2(2 + 2) + 22)
= 2(22 ) = 83 = (2)3 0
= 2; 2 . .
= (2)3
10. 3 2, 3 2
SOLUCION:
| 3 2 3 2 |=
3
3 2 + 2 3 2 3 3
2 + 2 3 2
= 3 6 2 + 2 2 6 22 3 6 22 2 6 2 2
= 2 6 (2 2 + 2 2) = 2 6 0
3 2; 3 2 . .
= 2 6
MEDIANTE EL WRONSKIANO, DEMOSTRAR QUE CADA UNA DE LOS SIGUIENTES CONJUNTOS

DE FUNCIONES SON L.I.
Para demostrar que son L.I. basta probar que la determinante es distinta de cero.
Resolver:
1. ,
SOLUCION:

| 1 | = 2 + = 2 0
+ 1

. .
2. 1, , 2 2
SOLUCION:
1 2 2 1 2 2
|0 4 2 | = |
0 4 2 | = 12 0
0 8 2 0 12 2
3. ,
SOLUCION:
77
1 1
2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
|1 1 1 1 | = 3 6 2 6 = 6 6 0 0
2 3
2 3
4. , / 0
SOLUCION:

| |=
+ +
2 2
= (2 + 2 ) = 0
5. 1, 2 , 1
SOLUCION:
1 2 1
2
|0 2 | = | |
22
0 2 2 22
= 2 22 + 22 2 2 2 + 123 =
23 0 ,
6. ln( 1) ln( + 1) , 1
SOLUCION:
ln( 1) ln( + 1) 1 1 1 11
| 1 1 |= =
0 +1 1 ( + 1)( 1)
1 +1
2
= 0; 1 1
( + 1)( 1)
7. 1 2 ,
SOLUCION:
1 2 2 1 2 + 2 1
|21 2 | = 1 2 + = =
1 1 2 1 2 1 2
2
0; 1 1
8. /2, 2
78
SOLUCION:

2 1
2
|1 | = 2 2 cos 2
2 2
cos /2 2
2

2 . .
2
9. 2 , 4 , 8
SOLUCION:
2 4 8 2 4 8 2 4 8
|2 4 3 8 7 |=|
0 2 3 6 7 |=|
0 2 3 6 7 |
2 12 2 56 6 2 12 56 6 0 10 2 56 6
2 4 8
=|0 2 3 6 7 | = 48 6 3 2 = 48 11
0 10 2 24 6
10. , , 2
SOLUCION:
2 2
| +

2 + 2 |=|0 2 |
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 0 2 2 + 4

2
=|0 2 | = 2 = 2 3 0
0 0 2
, , 2 . .
DEMOSTRAR QUE LAS FUNCIONES DADAS SON LINEALMENTE INDEPENDIENTES Y SU

WRONSKIANO ES CERO(GRAFICARLOS)
Resolver:
2 , 1 < < 0 0, 1 < < 0

1. 1 () = { 2 () = {
0, 0 < < 1 2 , 0 < < 1
SOLUCION:
1 1 + 2 2 = 0 1 = 2 = 0 [1,0]
1 0 + 2 2 = 0 2 = 0
Luego como 1 = 2 = 0
Consideremos el wronskiano w en [1,0]y en [0, 1]

2
= | 0| = 0 = |0 2 | = 0
2 0 0 2
79
Por lo tanto [1 , 2 ] = 0 en [1, 1]
0, 0 < < 2 (x 2)2 , 0 < < 2

2. 1 () = { 2 () = {
(x 2)2 , 0 < < 4 0, 2 < < 4
SOLUCION:
[0, 2] 1 1 () 2 2 () = 0
1 0 + 2 ( 2)2 2 = 0 1 2 .
[2, 4] 1 1 (0) 2 2 () = 0
1 ( 2)2 + 0 1 = 0
Wroskiano en [0, 2]
0 ( 2)2 ( 2)2 0
=| |=0 =| |=0
0 2( 2) 2( 2) 0
3 , 2 < < 0 0, 2 < < 0

3. 1 () = { 2 () = { 2
0, 0 < < 1 , 0 < < 1
SOLUCION:
1 () + 2 () = 0 = = 0 [2, 0] Entonces.
3 + 0 = 0 = 0 < 0, 1 > Entonces.
0 + 2 = 0 = 0 Por lo tanto = = 0 entonces
80
1 (), 2 () :
Consideremos el wronkiano en <

2, 0 > y en < 0, 1 >
3 2
=|2 0| = 0 = |0 2 | = 0
3 0 0 2
Por lo tanto (1 , 2 ) = 0
4. 1 () = 2 , 2 () = ||, 1 < < 1
SOLUCION:
2 , 1 < < 1
2 () = || = {
2 , 0 < 1
Por demostrar que:
1 () + 2 () = 0 = = 0 < 1, 0 >
Entonces:
81
2 + ( 2 ) = 0 = 0 < 0, 1 > :
2 + 2 = 0 + = 0
= 0
{ =0 =0
+ = 0
1 2 . .
< 1, 0 >
2
= | 2 | = 2 3 + 2 3 = 0 = |
2
2 | = 2 3 2 3 = 0
2 2 2 2
=0
Por lo tanto: (1 , 2 ) = 0
DEMOSTRACIONES:
1. Demostrar que la ecuacin II I 2 = 0 Tiene dos soluciones distintas a la forma =

1
SOLUCION:
II I 2 = 0
2 2 = 0
2
1
( 2)( + 1) = 0
=2
= 1
= 1 + 2 2
3. Demostrar que IV III 3 II + 5 I 2 = 0 nicamente tiene dos soluciones

linealmente independientes de la forma =
SOLUCION:
4 3 3 2 + 5 2 = 0
1 1 3 5 2
1 1 0 3 2
1 0 3 2 0
1 1 1 2
1 1 2 0
1 1 2
1 2 0
82
( 1)3 ( + 2) = 0
1 = 1, 2 = 1, 3 = 1, 4 = 2
0 = 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 4 2
PRACTICA 7
I. Ecuaciones diferenciales lineales homogneas.
Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales.
a) Races reales distintas

Resolver:
1. II + 2 I 15 = 0
SOLUCION:

2 + 2 15 = 0 ( 3) ( 5) = 0
3 = 3 = 5
5

= 1 3 + 2 5
2. III + II 2 I = 0
SOLUCION:

3 + 2 2 = 0
( 2 + 2) 1 = 1, 2 = 0, 3 = 2
+2
1
( + 2)( 1)

= 1 1 + 2 0 + 3 2
= 1 + 2 + 3 2
3. II = 0
SOLUCION:

2 1 = 0
( 1)( + 1) = 0 . = 1 = 1

= 1 + 2 +
83
4. II + I 6 = 0
SOLUCION:

2 + 6 = 0
+3 1 = 2, 2 = 3
2
( + 3)( 2) = 0

= 1 2 + 2 3
5. II 3 I + 2 = 0
SOLUCION:

2 3 + 2 = 0
2 1 = 2, 2 = 1
1
( 2)( 1)

= 1 2 + 2
6. III 2 II I + 2 = 0
SOLUCION:

1 = 2, 2 = 1, 3 = 1
3 2 2 + 2 = 0
( + 1)( 1)( 2) = 0

= 1 2 + 2 + 3
7. III II 12 I = 0
SOLUCION:

= 3 2 12 = 0
( 2 12) = 0 1 = 4, 2 = 0, 3 = 3
84
4
3
( 4)( + 3) = 0

= 1 4 + 2 0 + 3 3
= 1 4 + 2 + 3 3
8. III II + 11 I 6 = 0
SOLUCION:

3 6 2 + 11 6 = 0 ( 1)( 2)( 3) = 0
= 1, = 2, = 3

= 1 3 + 2 2 + 3
9. II 4 I + = 0
SOLUCION:
2 4 + 1 = 0
(4) (4)2 (1)(1)

= = 2 + 3 = 2 3
2(1)

= 1 (2+3) + 2 (23)
10. 2 III 7 I 2 = 0
SOLUCION:

2+2 22
= 2 3 7 2 = 0 1 = 2, 2 = 2
, 3 = 2

85
2 2 0 7 2
0 0 4 8 +2
0 2 4 +1 0
( 2)(2 2 + 4 + 1)
4 16 4(2)(1)
=
2(2)

2+2 22
( 2 ) ( 2 )
2
= 1 + 2 + 3
b) Races mltiples
Resolver:
1. III 3 II + 3 I = 0
SOLUCION:

3 3 2 + 3 1 = 0 ( 1)3 = 0 , = 0 , 3

= 1 + 2 + 3 2
2. IV + 6 III 2 II I + 2 = 0 = 3 2
SOLUCION:

= 2 + 6 + 9 = 0
( + 3)2 = 0

= 1 3 + 1 3
3. IV III 9 II 11 I 4 = 0
SOLUCION:

4 3 9 2 11 4 = 0 ( + 1)3 ( 4) = 0, = 1,
= 4
86

= 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 4 4
5. 6 + 12 8 = 0
SOLUCION:

4 6 3 12 2 8 = 0 ( 2)3 () = 0
( 3 6 2 12 8) = 0 = 0, = 2

= 1 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 2
6. II 4 I + 4 = 0
SOLUCION:
= 2 2
= 2 4 + 4 = 0
( 2)2 = 0

= 1 2 + 2 2
7. III + 3 II + 3 I + = 0
SOLUCION:

3 + 3 2 + 3 + 1 = 0
3 + 1 + 3( + 1)
( + 1)( 2 + 1) + 3( + 1)
( + 1)( 2 + + 1) = ( + 1)3 = 1

= 1 + 2 + 3 2
8. IV 4 III + 6 II 4 I + = 0
87
SOLUCION:

= 4 4 3 + 6 2 4 + 1 = 0
1 1
4 +6 4 1
1 3 3 1
1 1 3 3 1 0
1 2 1
1 1 2 1 0
1 1
1 1 0
( 1)4

= 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 4 3
9. 8 + 16 = 0
SOLUCION:

4 8 2 + 16 = 0
( 2 4)2 = 0
( + 2)( 2) = 0
= 2 2
= 2 2

= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2
10. IV 4 III + 6 II 4 I + = 0
SOLUCION:

= 4 4 3 + 6 2 4 + 1 = 0
c) Races complejas
Resolver:
1. + = 0
SOLUCION:

2 + 1 = 0 2 = 1
= +, =
88

= 1 + 2
2. II 2 I + 10 = 0
SOLUCION:

2 2 + 10 = 0
(2) (2)2 4(1)(10)
=
2(1)
2 36
= = 1 3
2

= 1 3 + 2 3
3. II + 4 = 0
SOLUCION:

2 + 4 = 0
2 = 4 = 2

= 1 2 + 2 2
4. II + 25 = 0
SOLUCION:

2 + 25 = 0
02 02 (4)(1)(25)
= = 5
2(1)

= 1 5 + 2 5
5. II 4 I + 13 = 0
SOLUCION:

2 4 + 13 = 0
89
(4) (4)2 4(1)(13)

= = 2 3
2(1)
:
= 1 2 3 + 2 2 3
6. IV + III + 2 II I + 3 = 0
SOLUCION:

4 + 3 + 2 2 + 3 = 0
2 2 3 3 2
2 1 2
2 2 4 2
( 2 + 2 + 3)( 2 + 1) = 0
2 + 2 + 3 = 0 2 + 1 = 0
2 22 4(1)(3) (1) (1)2 4(1)(1)
2(1) 2(1)
1 3
= 1 2
2 2

1 3 1 3
= 1 2 cos ( ) + 2 2 ( ) + 3 cos(2) + 4 (2)
2 2
7. II + I + = 0
SOLUCION:

2 + + 1 = 0
1 (1)2 4(1)(1) 1 3
= =
2(1) 2 2

1 3 3
= 1 2 ( ) + 2 2 ( )
2 2
8. II 2 I + 2 = 0
SOLUCION:

2 + 2 + 2 = 0
90
2 22 4(1)(2)
= 1 = 1 +
2(1)

= 1 cos() + 2 ()
9. II 2 I + 4 = 0
SOLUCION:

2 2 + 4 = 0
2 (2)2 4(1)(4)
= = 1 3
2(1)

= 1 (3) + 2 (3)
d) Races de cualquier ndole
Resolver:
1. III + 4 I = 0
SOLUCION:

3 + 4 = 0
( 2 + 4) = 0 , = 0, = 2, = 2

= 1 + 2 (2) + 3 (2)
2. III II + I = 0
SOLUCION:

3 2 + 1 = 0
2 ( 1) + 1 = 0
( 1)( 2 + 1) = 0 = 1, = +, = ,

= 1 + 2 + 3
3. IV = 0
SOLUCION:

91
4 1 = 0
( 2 + 1)( 2 1) = 0 = , = , = 1, = 1

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
4. IV + 2 II + = 0
SOLUCION:

4 + 2 2 + 1 = 0
( 2 + 1)2 = 0 = , =

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
5. VI + 6 IV + 9 II + 4 = 0
SOLUCION:

6 + 6 4 + 9 2 + 4 = 0 = , = , = 2, = 2
( 2 + 1)( 4 2 + 1) + 3(2 4 + 3 2 + 1) = 0
( 2 + 1)( 4 2 + 1) + 3(2 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1) = 0
( 2 + 1)( 4 + 5 2 + 4) = 0

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 (2) + 6 (2)
6. III + 3 II + 3 I + = 0
SOLUCION:

3 + 3 2 + 3 + 1 = 0, ( + 1)3 = 0
= 1 3

1 + 2 + 3 2
7. III II + I = 0
SOLUCION:

3 2 + 1 = 0
2 ( 1) + 1 = 0 ( + 1)2 = 0
( 1)( 2 + 1) = 0 = 1, = 1 2
92
= 1 + 2 + 3
8. III = 0
SOLUCION:

3 1 = 0
( 1)( 2 + + 1) = 0
2 + + 1 = 0
1 (1)2 4(1)(4) 1 3
= = = 1
2(1) 2 2

3 3
1 + 2 2 ( ) + 3 2 2 ( )
2 2
10. IV = 0
SOLUCION:

4 1 = 0
( 2 + 1) ( 2 1) = 0 = 1, = 1, = , =

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
11. III II 3 I = 0
SOLUCION:

3 2 3 1 = 0
( + 1 )( 2 2 1) = 0
1(2) (2)2 4(1)(1)

= = 1 2 = 1
2(1)

= 1 + 2 (1+2) + 3 (12)
12. III + 4 II + 4 I = 0
SOLUCION:

93
3 + 4 2 + 4 = 0
( 2 + 4 + 4) = 0
( + 2)2 = 0 = 0, = 2 2

= 1 + 2 2 + 3 2
13. IV 14 II 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
4 14 2 2 = 0
1(14) (14)2 4(1)(2) 14 108

= = 2 = 7 33
2(1) 2

= 1 (7+33) + 2 (7+33) + 3 (733) + 4 (733)
14. IV 2 III + II + 2 I 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
4 2 3 + 2 + 2 2 = 0
( + 1)( 1)( 2 2 + 2) = 0
(2) (2)2 4(1)(2)

= = 1 = , = 1
2(1)

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
15. 4 IV 5 II 9 = 0
94
SOLUCION:
4 4 5 2 9 = 0
4 2 9 (4 2 + 9) ( 2 1) = 0
3
2 1 = 1, =
2

3 3
= 1 + 2 + 3 ( ) + 4 ( )
2 2
PRACTICA 8
I. Ecuaciones diferenciales lineales no homogneas de coeficientes constantes.
Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales:
1. II + 3 I = 3
SOLUCION:
Sea () = 2 + 3 la ecuacin caracterstica donde 1 = 0, 2 = 3, luego la solucin
general de la ecuacin diferencial homognea o solucin complementaria es:
= 1 + 2 3
Para la solucin particular se obtiene de acuerdo al 1er caso, es decir:
Como = = = 0, reemplazando en la ecuacin de donde 0 + 3 = 3
= 1, por lo tanto y_p=x y la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial no homognea es:
= +
Es decir:
= 1 + 2 3 +
2. II 2 I 15 = 15 2 4 13
SOLUCION:
Sea () = 2 2 15 = 0 el polinomio caracterstico, de donde:
1 = 3 2 = 5, luego la solucin complementaria de la ecuacin diferencial es:
= 1 3 + 2 5
95
Para la solucin particular de la ecuacin diferencial no homognea, se obtiene de acuerdo al
1er caso es decir: = 2 + 13 + de donde = 2 + = 2, que
reemplazando en la ecuacin diferencial dada se tiene:
2 2(2 + ) 15( 2 + + ) = 15 2 4 13
15 2 (4 + 15) + 2 2 15 = 15 2 4 13
15 = 15 = 1
(4 + 15) = 4 = 0 Luego: = 2 + 1
2 2 15 = 13 = 1
Por lo tanto la solucin general de la ecuacin es: = +
Es decir:
= 1 3 + 2 5 + 2 + 1
3. IV 3 II 4 = 4 5 + 390
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es:
() = 4 3 2 4 = 0 ( 2 4)( 2 + 1) = 0
( 2)( + 2)( )( + ) = 0
De donde 1 = 2, 2 = 2, 3 = 4 =
Y la solucin complementaria de la ecuacin homognea es:
= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 + 4
Para la solucin particular se debe tener en cuenta el 1er caso de donde se tiene: = 5 +
4 + 3 + 2 + + , de donde derivando y reemplazando en la ecuacin diferencial
dada se tiene:
4 = 4 = 1
4 = 0 = 0
60 4 = 0 = 15
36 4 = 4 = 0
120 18 4 = 4 = 0
96
24 12 4 = 0 = 0
Luego: = 5 15 3 la solucin general es:
= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 15 3
4. II + 3 I =
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es () = 2 + 3 = 0, de donde: 1 = 0, 2 = 3, luego la solucin
complementaria de la ecuacin diferencial homognea es:
= 1 + 2 3 Y de acuerdo al 2do caso la solucin particular:
= De donde = =
1
Como + 3 = + 3( ) = = 4

Luego la solucin particular = 4
y la solucin general de la ecuacin no homognea es:

= + Es decir: = 1 + 2 3 +
4
5. II 4 I = 4
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es:() = 2 4 = 0 de donde 1 = 0, 2 = 4, luego la solucin
general de la ecuacin diferencial homognea es: = 1 + 2 4 y de acuerdo al 2do caso se
tiene la solucin particular de la forma:
= ( + ) 4
Es decir: = ( 2 + ) 4 y la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial no homognea
1
es: = + = 0; = 8
1
= 1 + 2 4 + ( ) 4
8
6. II + =
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 2 + 1 = 0, de donde: 1 = , 2 = .
Luego la solucin complementaria de la ecuacin diferencial homognea es:
97
= 1 + 2
La solucin particular de acuerdo con el tercer caso es de la forma:
= ( + )
Es decir: = + y la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial no
homognea es: = 0 + es decir:
= 1 + 2 + +
7. II 4 I + 8 = 2 (2 2)
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 2 4 + 8 = 0, de donde:
1 = 2 + 2, 2 = 2 2, Luego la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial homognea es:
= 2 (2 + 2) De donde = +
8. II I 2 = + 2
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 2 2 = 0, de donde: 1 = 1, 2 = 2 luego la
solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial homognea es:
= 1 + 2 2 y de acuerdo a el 2do caso la solucin particular es de la forma: =
1 1
+ 2 = ; =
2 4
= + Es decir: = 1 + 2 2 + + 2
1 1
= 1 + 2 2 + 2
2 4
9. III 4 I = 2 + + 2
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 3 4 = 0, de donde 1 = 0, 2 = 2, 3 = +2, luego
la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial homognea es: = 1 + 2 2 + 3 2 y de
acuerdo al 1er, 2do y 3er caso la solucin particular es de la forma:
= ( + ) 2 + + + ( 2 + + )
98
= 2( 2 + ) 2 + (2 + ) 2 + + 3 2 + 2 +
= 8( 2 + ) 2 + 12(2 + ) 2 + 12 2 + + 6
Reemplazando:
12 + 8 = 0 5 = 0 6 4 = 0
16 = 1 12 = 1
5 = 1 8 = 0
1 3 1 1 1
De donde: = , = , = , = = 0, = , = , es decir
16 32 5 12 8
2 3
= (2 2 3) +
32 5 12 8
Por lo tanto la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial no homognea es: = +
2 3
= 1 + 2 2 + 3 2 + (2 2 3) +
32 5 12 8
10. + 2 + 2 = +
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 2 + 2 + 2 = 0 de donde 1 = 1 + ,
2 = 1 , luego la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial homognea
Es: = (1 + 2 ) y de acuerdo al 2 y 4 caso la solucin
Particular es:
= ( + ) + ( + )
Derivando y reemplazando en la ecuacin diferencial e igualando coeficientes se tiene que: =

0, = 12 , = 1, = 0 es decir: = +
2
Y la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial no homognea es:
= + 4
= (1 + 2 ) + ( + ) + ( + )
11. = 2
SOLUCION:
Sea () = 2 = 0 , el polinomio caracterstico, de donde 1 = 0,
2 = 1 , luego la solucin complementaria de la ecuacin diferencia homognea es:
99
= 1 + 2
Para la solucin particular de la ecuacin diferencial no homognea, se obtiene de

acuerdo al 1 caso
1
= 3 + 5 2 + , = =0
3
= 3 2 + 2 + +, = 1
= 6 + 2 = 2
3
Por lo tanto: 4 = 3
2 2
3
La solucin es: = + = 1 + 2 3
2 2
12. 4 + 4 = 5
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 2 4 5 = 0 de donde 1 = 1,
2 = 5 , luego la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencia homognea es:
= 1 + 2 5
Y de acuerdo al 1 caso la solucin particular es:
= 2 + + , = 0
= 2 + , = 1
4
= 2 =
5
4
Por lo tanto: 4 = + 5
La solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial no homognea es:

3 4
= + = 1 + 2 5 3
+5
13. = + 1
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 3 = 0 de donde 1 = 0,
2 = 1, 3 = 1 , luego la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencia homognea es:
= 1 +2 + 3
y de acuerdo al 1 caso la solucin particular es:
100
1
= 2 + + , =
2
= 2 + , = 1
= 0
2
Por lo tanto: 4 = 2


2
= + = 1 + 2 + 3 2

14. 4 + 4 = 4( 1 )
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 2 4 + 4 = 0 de donde 1 = 2,
2 = 2, , luego la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencia homognea es:
= 2 (1 + 2 )
= 2 + + , = 0
= 2 + , =1
= 2 =0
Por lo tanto: =

=
+ = 2 (1 + 2 ) +
15. + 2 + 2 = 2( + 1)2
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 2 2 + 2 = 0 de donde
1 = 1 + , 2 = 1 , luego la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencia homognea es:
= (1 + 2 )
= 2 + + , = 1
= 2 + , =0
= 2 =0
101
Por lo tanto: = +
= + = (1 + 2 ) + 2
16. + + + = 2 + 2 2
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 3 + 2 + + 1 = 0 de donde
1 = 1 + , 2 = , 3 = + , 2 ( + 1) + ( + 1) ( + 1)( 2 ) = 0
La solucin complementaria es:
= 1 +2 + 3 + 2 4
y de acuerdo al 4 caso la solucin particular es:
= 2 + + , = 1
= 2 + , =0
= 2 = 4
= 0
Por lo tanto: = +
= + = + (1 + 2 ) + 2 4
17. + 4 = 8(6 2 + 5)
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico de la ecuacin diferencial es:
() = 4 + 4 2 = 0 2 ( 2 + 4) = 0
1 = 0 + , 2 = 0, 3 = 2 , 4 = 2
La solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial homognea es:
= 1 +2 + 3 2 + 4 2
La solucin particular por el 3 caso es:
= 4 + 3 + 2 , = 1
= 4 3 + 3 2 + 2, =0
= 12 2 + 6 + 2 =2
102
= 24 + 6
= 24
= +
= 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + 4 + 2 2
18. 3 + 3 = (2 + )(2 )
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico es: () = 3 3 2 + 3 1 = 0 de donde
( 1)3 = 0
1 = 1 + , 2 = 1, 3 = 1 , luego la solucin complementaria de la
Ecuacin diferencial homognea es:
= 1 +2 + 3 2
Para la solucin particular de la ecuacin diferencial no homognea se
Obtiene de acuerdo al 1 caso es decir: = 2 + +
= 2 + ,
= 2
= 0
Que reemplazando en la ecuacin diferencial dada se tiene:
0 3(2) + 3(2 + ) 2 = 4 2
= 1 =1
6 = 0 =6 Luego: = 2 + 6 + 8
6 + 3 = 4 =8
Por lo tanto la solucin diferencial dada se tiene: = +
Es decir:
= (1 + 2 + 3 2 ) + 2 + 6 + 8
19. 2 9 + 4 = 18 4 2
SOLUCION:
103
Polinomio caracterstico es: () = 2 2 9 + 4 = 0 (2 1)( 4) = 0
1
1 = 2, 2 = 4, luego la solucin complementaria de la ecuacin diferencial homognea es:

= 1 2 + 2 4
Para la solucin particular de la ecuacin diferencial homognea
Se obtiene de acuerdo al 1 es decir:
= 2 + + , = 1
= 2 + , =0
= 2 =1
Luego: = 2 + 1
Por lo tanto la solucin general de la ecuacin es:

= + = 1 2 + 2 4 2 + 1
20. 2 + = 2 5
SOLUCION:
() = 4 2 2 + 1 = 0 el polinomio caracterstico , de donde:
1 = 1, 2 = 1, 3 = 1 , 4 = 1
Luego la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial homognea es:
= 1 +2 + 3 + 4
Para la solucin particular de la ecuacin diferencial homognea se obtiene de acuerdo al 1 caso

es decir:
= 2 + +
= 2 +
= 2
= 0
= 0
Por lo tanto la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial:
= +
= (1 + 2 ) + (3 + 4 ) + 2 1
104
II.Variacin de parmetros:
Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales.

1. + =
SOLUCION:

+ = = = =

+ = =

= ( ) =
3
= | | + + 1
2
2. + = 2
SOLUCION:

+ = 2 = = =

+ = 2 = 2

= ( 2 ) = 2
2
= +
2
5. + = cot ()
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico de la ecuacin deferencial es:
() = 2 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i
Solucin complementaria:
= 1 cos + 2 sin
El wronskiano:
1 2 cos sin
= | |= | | = 2 + 2 = 1
1 2 sin cos
105
()2 cot sin

1 = = = cos = sin
1
()1() cot cos 2 [1 2 ]

2 = = = =
1 sin sin

1 = sin = ln [tan ] + cos
sin 2
Solucin general:

= + 1 1 + 1 2 = 1 cos + 2 sin sin cos + sin ln [tan ] + sin cos
2

= 1 cos + 2 sin sin ln [tan ]
2
6. + = sec
SOLUCION:
() = 2 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i
= 1 cos + 2 sin
El wronskiano:
1 2 cos sin
= | |= | | = 2 + 2 = 1
1 2 sin cos
()2 () sec sin

1= = = tan = ln[cos ]
1
()1 () sec cos

2 = = = =
1
Solucin general:
= + 1 1 + 2 2 = 1 cos + 2 sin + cos ln[cos ] + sin
7. + 4 = 4 cot 2
SOLUCION:
() = 2 + 4 = 0 = 2
=1 cos 2+ 2 sin 2
106
El wronskiano:
1 2 cos 2 sin 2
= | 2 | = |2 sin | = 2 2 + 22 = 1
1 2 cos 2
()2 () 4 cot x sin2

1 = = = 2 cos 2x = sin 2
2
()1 ()
2 =

4 cot 2x sin2 2 2 [1 2 2]
= = 2 = 2
2 sin 2 sin 2
2
1 = 2 2 sin 2 = ln [tan ] + cos 2
sin 2 2
2 = ln[tan ] + cos 2
Solucin general:
= + 1 1 + 2 2
= 1 cos 2 + 2 sin 2 sin 2 cos 2 + sin 2 ln[tan ] + sin 2 cos 2
= + 1 1 + 1 2 = 1 cos 2 + 2 sin 2 + sin 2 ln[tan ]
8. y + 2y + 2y = ex sec x
SOLUCION:
() = 2 + 2 + 2 = 0 ( + 1)2 + 1 = 0 = 1
Con races reales e imaginarias, las soluciones son: cos y sin , luego la solucin
complementaria es:
= 1 cos + 2 sin
Donde:
1 = cos Y 1 = sin
Determinemos la solucin particular. Para ello determinamos el wroskiano:
cos sin
= | |
cos sin cos sin
= 2 2 2 sin cos + 2 2 + 2 sin cos
= 2 [ 2 + 2 ] = 2
107
Puesto que la solucin particular toma la forma:
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = () = sec
Resolviendo el sistema se obtiene:
2 () 1 ()
1 = ; 2 =

Luego:
2 () sec sin
1 = = = tan = ln[cos ]
2
1 () sec cos
2 = = = =
2
Luego la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial es:
= + = + 1 1 + 2 2
= 1 cos + 2 sin + cos ln[cos ] + sin
9. + 4 + 4 = 2 2
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico de la ecuacin diferencial:
() = 2 + 4 + 4 ( + 2)2 = 0 = 2
Con races reales repetidas, las soluciones son: 4 y 2 , luego la solucin complementaria es:
= 1 2 + 2 2
Determinamos la solucin particular. Para ello determinamos el wroskiano:

1 2 4 4
= | 2 | = | | = 4 2 4 + 2 4 = 4
1 2 5 2
2 5
Resolviendo el sistema se obtiene:
2 () 1 ()
1 = ; 2 =

Luego:
2 () 4 2 2
1 = = 4
= = ln

1 () 4 4 2 1
2 = = 4
= 2 =

108
Luego la solucin general de la ecuacin general es:
= + = + 1 1 + 2 2 = 1 4 + 2 2 5 ln 2
10. + = 2
SOLUCION:
() = 1 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i
Con races reales imaginarias, las soluciones con: cos x y sen x , luego la solucin complementaria:
= 1 cos + 2 sin
Determinamos la solucin particular. Para ello determinamos el wronskiano:
1 2 cos sin
= | |= | | = 2 + 2 = 1
1 2 sin cos
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = () () = 2
Resolviendo se obtiene:
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
Luego:
2 () cos 2 sin 1 2
1 = = = = [ ]
1 cos cos
1
1 = [cos cos ] = sin ln[sec + tan ]
1() sin 2 3 1 2
2 = = = = [ ] sin
1 2 2
= cos = sin
1 2 1 1
2 = ( 2 ) = + = + cos
cos
= + + 1 1 + 2 2
= 1 cos + 2 sin + sin 2 cos ln[sec + tan ] + tan
109
11. + = 2 . csc
SOLUCION:
() = 1 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i
Con races reales imaginarias, las soluciones con: cos x y sen x , luego la solucin complementaria:
= 1 cos + 2 sin
2 cos sin
= | 1 |= | | = 2 + 2 = 1
1 2 sin cos
Puesto que la solucin particular toma la forma de:
= 1 1 + 2 2 = () () = 2 csc
2 () 1 ()
1 = ; 2 =

Luego:
2 () sin 2 csc
1 = = = = tan
1 2
1 ()
2 =

cos 2 csc
= = =
1 sin cos 2 sin cos
2 2
1 = = ln [tan ] = ln[tan ]
sin 2 2
= + + 1 1 + 2 2
= 1 cos + 2 sin cos tan + sin ln[tan ]
= 1 cos + 2 sin sin + sin ln[tan ]
12. 2 + = 2 ( + 1)2
SOLUCION:
El polinomio caracterstico e la ecuacin diferencial es:
110
() = 2 2 + 1 = 0 ( 1)2 = 0 =1
Con races reales repetidas, las soluciones son: y , luego la solucin complementaria es:
= 1 + 2
1 2
= | |=| | = 2 3 3 = 3
1 2 +

= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = (); () = 5 ( + 1)2
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
Luego:
2 () 2 ( + 1)2
1 = = =
2 ( + 1)2
1
= = = ( +1)2 = +1 1 = +1
+1
( + 1 )
1 =
+ 1 + 1

=
+
= + ln( + 1)
+1 +1 +1
1 () 2 ( + 1)2 1
2 = = 2
= 2
=
( + 1) +1
Luego la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial:
= + = + 1 1 + 2 2

= 1 + 2 +
+
ln(
+ 1)
+ 1 + 1
= 1 + 2 + ln( + 1)
2
13. 3 + 2 = 1+ 2
SOLUCION:
() = 2 3 + 2 = 0 ( 2)( 1) = 0 =1; =2
111
Con races reales repetidas, las soluciones son: y 2 , luego la solucin complementaria es:
= 1 + 2 2
2 2 | = 2 3 3 = 3
= | 1 |=|
1 2 2 5

2
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = (); () =
1 + 2
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
Luego:
2 () 2 5
1 = = 3 = = tan1
(1 + 5 ) 1 + 5
1 ()
2 =

2
=
3 (1 + 2 )
1 + 2 + 2
=
1 + 2
2 1
= 2
= ln(1 + 5 )
1+ 2
= + = + 1 1 + 2 2
2
= 1 + 2 2 tan1 + 2 ln(1 + 2 )
2
14. + = 3
SOLUCION:
() = 2 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i
Con races imaginarias, las soluciones son: cos(x) y sen(x) , luego la solucin complementaria:
112
= 1 cos + 2 sin
1 2 cos sin
= | |= | | = 2 + 2 = 1
1 2 sin cos
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = () () = 3
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
Luego:
2 () sin 3 sin 1
1 = = = 3
=
1 2 2
1 () cos 3
2 = = = = tan
1 2
La solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial es:

= + = + 1 1 + 2 2
1 2 1 2
= 1 cos + 2 sin + = 1 cos + 2 sin
2 cos 2 cos 2 cos
2 1
= 1 cos + 2 sin = 1 cos + 2 sin cos
2 cos 2
15. + = tan
SOLUCION:
() = 2 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i
Con races imaginarias, las soluciones son: cos(x) y sen(x) , luego la solucin complementaria:
= 1 cos + 2 sin
1 2 cos sin
= | |= | | = 2 + 2 = 1
1 2 sin cos
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = (); () = 3
113
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
Luego:
2 () sin tan 2 [1 2 ]
1 = = = =
1 cos cos
2 = [sec cos ] = ln[sec + tan ] + sin
2 () cos tan
1 = = = sin = cos
1
Luego la solucin genera de la ecuacin diferencial es:
= + = + 1 1 + 2 2
= 1 cos + 2 sin cos ln[sec + tan ]
16. = 2 sin
SOLUCION:
() = 2 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i
Con races reales imaginarias, las soluciones son: y , luego la solucin complementaria es:
= 1 + 2
1 2
= | |=| |=1+1=2
1 2
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = (); ()
= 4 sin( )
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
Luego:
2 () 2 sin( )
1 = =
2
114
sin( ) cos( )
= =
2 2
1 () 2 sin( ) 3 sin( )
2 = = =
2 2
= 3 = 3 2 = sin = cos
3 3
2 = cos + [ 2 sin 2 sin ]
2 2
= = = sin = cos
3 3
2 = cos + 2 sin 3 cos + 3 sin
2 2
3 3
2 = cos( ) + 2 sin( ) 3 cos( ) + 3 sin( )
2 2

= + = + 1 1 + 2 2
cos( )
= 1 + 2 +
2
2 3
cos( ) + sin( ) 3 cos( ) + 3 sin( )
2 2
17. 3 + 2 = ( )
SOLUCION:
() = 2 3 + 2 = 0 ( 2)( 1) = 0 =1; =2
Con races reales repetidas, las soluciones son: y 2 , luego la solucin complementaria es:
= 1 + 2 2
2 2 | = 2 3 3 = 3
= | 1 |=|
1 2 2 5
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = (); () = cos( )
115
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
Luego:
2 () 2 cos( )
1 = = = cos( ) = sin( )
3
1 () cos( )
2 = = = cos( )
3
Hacemos = =
2 = cos = sin cos = sin( ) cos( )

= + = + 1 1 + 2 2
= 1 + 2 2 + sin( ) sin( ) 2 cos( )
= 1 + 2 2 2 cos( )
18. = 2
SOLUCION:
() = 2 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i = 1 + 2
1 2
= | |=| |=1+1=2
1 2
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = (); ();
() = 2
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
2 () 2 1
1 = = = [1 cos 2]
2 4
1 1 1 1
1 = + cos 2 = + cos 2
4 4 4 4
116
1
1 = + [cos 2 + 2 sin 2]
4 20
1 () 2 1
2 = = = [1 cos 2]
2 4
1 1 1
2 = cos 2 = [cos 2 + 2 sin 2]
4 4 4 20

= + = + 1 1 + 2 2
1 1
= 1 + 2 + cos 2
2 10
2
19. + = 2 2
SOLUCION:
() = 2 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i = 1 + 2
1 2
= | |=| |=1+1=2
1 2
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = (); () = 2
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
Luego:
2
2 () 2 2 1 2
1 = = = 2 2
2 2
Integramos por partes:
2 2
= = ( ); = 2 = 2
1 2 2 1 2 2
1 = [ 2 (1 ) 2 ] = [ 2 + (1 ) 2 ]
2 2
1 2 2

1 = [ 2 + 2 ]
2
117
2
2
1 () 2 1 2
2 = = = 2 2
2 2
2 2
Integramos por partes: = = ( ); = 2 = 2
1 2 2 1 2 2
1 = [ 2 (1 ) 2 ] = [ 2 + (1 ) 2 + ]
2 2
1 2 2
1 = [ 2 + 2 + ]
2
= + = + 1 1 + 2 2
2
= 1 + 2 + 2
20. + = cos
SOLUCION:
() = 2 + 1 = 0 De donde: r = i races imaginarias
= 1 cos + 2 sin
El wronskiano:
2 cos sin
= | 1 |= | | = 2 + 2 = 1
1 2 sin cos
= 1 1 + 2 2 ; = 1 1 + 2 2 = (); () = cos
2 () 1 ()
1 =
; 2 =
Luego:
2 () cos cos
1 = =
1
1 sin 2
= = 2 ; = [ + ]
2 2
2 sin 2 2 sin 2 2 sin 2 sin 2

1 = + + = + +
2 4 4 8 4 4 8
118
1 () cos sin
2 = =
1
2
= = sin cos ; =
2
2 2 2 1 1 cos 2
2 = = [ ]
2 2 2 2 2
2 1 sin 2
2 = [ ]
2 4 2

= + = + 1 1 + 2 2
2 cos sin 2 cos sin 2 cos 3 sin

= 1 cos + 2 sin + + + +
4 4 4 2 4
1. x 2 y 2 + xy y = 0
SOLUCION:
dy dy d2 y d2 y dy
Sea x = t t = lnx, adems = t ; 2 = 2t = 2t ( 2 )
dx dt dx dt dt
Reemplazando en la ecuacin diferencial se tiene:
d2 y dy dy
2t 2t ( 2
) + t t y = 0, simplificando
dt dt dt
d2 y
y = 0, ecuacin diferencial homognea de coeficientes constantes.
dt 2
Sea P(r) = r 2 1 = 0r1 = 1, r2 = 1,
Luego la solucin es: y(t) = C1 t +C2 t , de donde
C2
y = C1 x +
x
2. x 2 y + 2xy 2y = 0
SOLUCION:
dy dy d2 y d2 y dy
dx dt dx dt dt
d2 y dy dy
2t 2t ( 2
) + 2 t t 2y = 0, simplificando
dt dt dt
119
d2 y dy
+ 2y = 0, ecuacin diferencial homognea de coeficientes constantes.
dt 2 dt
Sea P(r) = r 2 + r 2 = 0r1 = 2, r2 = 1,
Luego la solucin es: y(t) = C1 2t +C2 t , de donde
y = C1 x 2 +C2 x
3. x 2 y + xy + 9y = 0
SOLUCION:
dy dy d2 y d2 y dy
dx dt dx dt dt
d2 y dy dy
2t 2t ( 2
) + t t + 9y = 0, simplificando
dt dt dt
d2 y
+ 9y = 0
dt 2
Sea P(r) = r 2 + 9 = 0r1 = +3i r2 = 3i
r1 = + i r2 = i
y la solucin general de esta ecuacin es:
y(t) = C1 1 x cos1 t+C2 2 x sen2 t
y(t) = C1 cos3t+C2 sen3t,
de donde: y = C1 cos(3lnx) +C2 sen(3lnx)
3. 4x 2 y 8xy + 9y = 0
SOLUCION:
dy dy d2 y d2 y dy
Sea x = t = lnx, adems
t
= t
; = 2t 2t
= ( 2 )
dx dt dx 2 dt dt
d2 y dy dy
4 2t 2t ( 2
) 8 t t + 9y = 0, simplificando
dt dt dt
d2 y dy
4 2
12 + 9y = 0
dt dt
3 3
Sea P(r) = 4r 2 12r + 9 = 0r1 = , r2 = ,
2 2
120
Luego la solucin es:

3 t 3 t
y(t) = C1 2 +C2 t 2 ,
de donde:
3 3
y = C1 x 2 +C2 x 2 lnx
5. x 2 y + 2xy + 7y = 0
SOLUCION:
dy dy d2 y d2 y dy
dx dt dx dt dt
d2 y dy dy
2t 2t ( 2
) 3 t t + 7y = 0, simplificando
dt dt dt
d2 y dy
4 + 7y = 0
dt 2 dt
Sea P(r) = r 2 4r + 7 = 0r1 = 2 + 3i r2 = 2 3i
luego la solucin es
y(t) = C1 1 x cos1 t+C2 2 x sen2 t
y(t) = C1 2t cos3t+C2 2t sen3t,
de donde: y = C1 x 2 cos(3lnx) +C2 x 2 sen(3lnx)
6. x 3 y 2 x 2 y 17xy 7y = 0
SOLUCION:
dy dy d2 y d2 y dy
Sea x = t = lnx, adems
t
= t
; = 2t 2t
= ( 2 )
dx dt dx 2 dt dt
d3 y 3t
d3 y d2 y dy
3
= ( 3
3 2
+2 )
dt dt dt dt
d3 y d2 y dy d2 y dy dy
3t 3t ( 3
3 2
+ 2 ) 2 2t 2t
( 2
) 17 t t 7y = 0
dt dt dt dt dt dt
simplificando
d3 y d2 y dy
3
5 2
13 7y = 0
dt dt dt
121
Sea P(r) = r 3 5r 2 13r 7 = 0r1 = 1, r2 = 1, r3 = 7
Luego la solucin es:
y(t) = C1 t +C2 t t + C3 7t , de donde
y = C1 x 1 +C2 x 1 lnx + C3 x 7 , x > 0
7. (x + 2)2 y + 3(x + 2)y 3y = 0
SOLUCION:
dy
Sea x + 2 = t t = ln(x + 2) ;
dt
dy t
dy d2 y 2t
d2 y dy
adems = ; = ( 2 )
dx dt dx 2 dt dt
d2 y dy dy
2t 2t ( 2
) + 3 t t 3y = 0, simplificando
dt dt dt
d2 y dy
+ 2 3y = 0
dt 2 dt
Sea P(r) = r 2 + 2r 3 = 0r1 = 1, r2 = 3,
Luego la solucin es: y(t) = C1 t +C2 3t , de donde
y = C1 (x + 2)+C2 ( + 2)3
8. (2x + 1)2 y 2(2x + 1)y + 4y = 0
SOLUCION:
Sea 2 x + 1 = t t = ln(x + 2) ;
dy dy d2 y d2 y dy
adems = 2 t ; 2 = 4 2t ( 2 )
dx dt dx dt dt
d2 y dy dy
2t . 4 2t ( 2
) 2 t . 2 t + 4y = 0, simplificando
dt dt dt
d2 y dy
4 2
8 + 4y = 0
dt dt
Sea P(r) = 4r 2 8r + 4 = 0r1 = 1, r2 = 1,
Luego la solucin es: y(t) = C1 t +C2 t t , de donde
y = C1 (2x + 1)+C2 (2x + 1)ln(2x + 1)
122
9. (x 1)2 y + 8(x 1)y + 12y = 0
SOLUCION:
Sea x 1 = t t = ln(x 1) ;
dy dy d2 y d2 y dy
adems = t ; 2 = 2t ( 2 )
dx dt dx dt dt
2t 2t
d2 y dy dy
. ( 2 ) + 8 t . t + 12y = 0, simplificando
dt dt dt
d2 y dy
2
+ 7 + 12y = 0
dt dt
Sea P(r) = r 2 + 7r + 12 = 0r1 = 3, r2 = 4,
Luego la solucin es: y(t) = C1 3t +C2 4t , de donde
y = C1 (x 1)3 +C2 ( 1)4
10. (x 2)2 y + 5(x 2)y + 8y = 0
SOLUCION:
Sea x 2 = t t = ln(x 2) ;
dy dy d2 y d2 y dy
adems = t ; 2 = 2t ( 2 )
dx dt dx dt dt
d2 y dy dy
2t . 2t ( 2
) + 5 t . t + 8y = 0, simplificando
dt dt dt
d2 y dy
2
+ 4 + 8y = 0
dt dt
Sea P(r) = r 2 + 4r + 18 = 0r1 = 2 + 2i, r2 = 2 2i,
Luego la solucin es: y(t) = C1 2t cos2t+C2 2t sen2t, de donde
y = C1 (x 2)2 cos(2 ln(x 2))+C2 (x 2)2 sen(2 ln(x 2))
11. 2 + + = (6 ln )
SOLUCION:
2 2
Sea = = ln ;
= ; 2
= 2 ( 2 )
123
2
2 . 2 ( 2
) + = (6 )

Simplificando:
2
+ = (6 )
2
Ecuacin diferencial no homognea de coeficientes constantes:
() = 2 + 1 = 0, 1 = ; 2 =
Luego la solucin complementaria es:
= 1 cos + 2 sin ; : = ( + )
= + ( + )
= (2) + ( + )
Como
2
2
+ = (6 ) ; entonces (2) + 2( + ) + ( + ) = (6 )
1 7
2 + 2 + 2 = 6 ; = ; =
2 2
7
= + ; : () = +
2 2
7
() = 1 cos + 2 sin +
2 2
1
= 1 cos ln + 2 sin ln 2 (ln 7)
12. 2 + 9 = 3
SOLUCION:
2 2
Sea = = ln = ; = 2 ( )
2 2
2 2
2
. ( 2 ) 9 = 3 + 1

Simplificando:
2
9 = 3 + 1;
2
() = 2 9 = 0, 1 = 3 ; 2 = 3
124
= 1 3 + 2 3 ; : = 3 +
= 3 + 3 3 = 3 3 + 3 3 + 9 3
Reemplazando:
2
9 = 3 + 1
2
3 3 + 3 3 + 9 3 9( 3 + ) = 3 + 1
Simplificando:
6 3 9 = 3 + 1
1 1
= ; = ,
6 9
3 1
= ; = +
6 9
3 1
() = 1 3 + 2 3 +
6 9
3 ln 1
= 1 3 + 2 3 +
6 9
14. 2 + 4 + 2 = 2 ln
SOLUCION:
2 2
Sea = = ln = ; = 2 ( )
2 2
2
2 . 2 ( 2
) + 2 = 2

Simplificando:
2 3
+ 2 = 2
2
() = 2 + 3 + 2 = 0, 1 = 2 ; 2 = 1
= 1 2 + 2 ; : = + = = 0
Reemplazando:
0 + 3 + 2( + ) = 2
3 3
2 + 3 + 2 = 2 = 1 ; = ; =
2 2
125
3
= + () = 1 2 + 2 +
2
3
= 1 2 + 2 1 + ln
2
15. 2 + 3 = (16 ln ) 1
SOLUCION:
2 2
Sea = = ln ;
= ; 2
= 2 ( 2 )
2 2
2
. ( 2 ) 3 = 16

Simplificando:
2 2
3 = 16
2
() = 2 2 3 = 0, 1 = 3 ; 2 = 1
= 1 3 + 2 ; : = ( + )
= (2 + ) ( 2 + )
= (2) 2(2 + ) + ( 2 + )
Simplificando:
( 4 + 2) = (16)
=2 =1
= (2 2 + )
= + ; () = 1 3 + 2 + (2 2 + )
= 1 3 + 2 1 + (22 + ln ) 1
16. 2 + + 9 = sin(ln 3 )
SOLUCION:

2 2
2
= = ln ; : = ; = ( 2 )
2
Reemplazando en la ecuacin se tiene:
126
2
2 . 2 ( 2
) + 9 = sin 3

Simplificando:
2
+ 9 = sin 3 . ()
2
Sea: () = 2 + 9 = 0 ; 1 = 3 ; 2 = 3
La solucin complementaria es:
= 1 cos 3 + 2 sin 3 ;
= ( cos 3 + sin 3)
= ( cos 3 + sin 3) + 3( cos 3 sin 3)
= 3( cos 3 sin 3) + 3( cos 3 sin 3) + 9( cos 3 sin 3)
Reemplazando en ():
2
+ 9 = sin 3
2
3( cos 3 sin 3) + 3( cos 3 sin 3) + 9( cos 3 sin 3) + 9( cos 3 + sin 3)

= sin 3
Simplificando:
6 cos 3 6 sin 3 = sin 3
6 = 1 ; 6 = 0
1
= ; =0
6
1 cos 3
Entonces: = ( 6 cos 3 + 0) = 6
cos 3
= + () = 1 cos 3 + 2 sin 3
6
De donde:
ln cos 3 ln
= 1 cos 3 ln + 2 sin 3 ln 6
17. 2 + 4 + 2 = 22 + 12
SOLUCION:
2 2
Sea = = ln ;
= ; 2
= 2 ( 2 )
127
2
2 . 2 ( 2
) 4 + 2 = 2 2 + 12

2 3
2
+
+ 2 = 2 2 + 12 ..
() = 2 + 3 + 2 = 0, 1 = 2 ; 2 = 1
= 1 2 + 2 ; : = 2 + + +
= 2 + +
= 2 +
Reemplazando en :
2 + + 3(2 + + ) + 2( 2 + + + ) = 2 .
2 2 + (6 + 2) + 2 + 3 + 2 + 6 = 2 2 + 1
2 = 2; 6 + 2 = 0; 2 + 3 + 2 =
7
= 1 ; = 3 ; =
2
Luego:
7
= + ; () = 1 2 + 2 + 2 3 + + 2
2
7
= 1 2 + 2 1 + 2 3 ln + + 2
2
18. 2 3 + 4 = ln
SOLUCION:
2 2
= = ln ; = , 2 = 2 ( 2 )

2
2 . 2 ( 2
) 3 4 =

2
2
4 + 4 = ()
() = 2 4 + 4 = 0 ; 1 = 2 ; 2 = 2
128
= 1 2 + 2 2 ;
= + ; = ; = 0
Reemplazando en: ()
0 4 + 4( + ) =
1
4 = 1 = ; 4 4 = 0 = 1/4
4
1 1
Entonces: = ; = +
4 4
1 1
() = 1 2 + 2 2 + +
4 4
1 1
Donde: 1 2 +2 2 ln + 4 ln + 4
19. (1 + )2 3(1 + ) + 4 = (1 + )3
SOLUCION:
1 + =
2 2
ln + 1 = = ; = 2
( )
2 2
2
2 . 2 ( 2
) 3 + 4 = 3

2 4
+ 4 = 3 . ()
2
() = 2 4 + 4 = 0, 1 = 2 ; 2 = 2
= 1 2 + 2 2 ; : = 3 +
= 3 ; = 3
Reemplazando en ()
3 4 3 + 4 3 = 3
= 1 :
= 3 ; = + ; () = 1 2 + 2 2 + 3
= 1 ( + 1)2 + 2 ( + 1)2 ln + ( + 1)3
129
20. 2 2 + 2 = 3 2 + 2 ln
SOLUCION:
2 2
2 = = ln : = ; 2 = 2 ( 2 )

2
2 . 2 ( 2
) + 2 = 3 2 + 2

2 3
+ 2 = 3 2 + 2 . ()
2
() = 2 3 + 2 = 0, 1 = 2 ; 2 = 1
= 1 2 + 2 ;
= + + 2 ; = + 2 2 ; = 4 2
Reemplazando en ():
4 2 3( + 2 2 ) + 2( + + 2 ) = 3 2 + 2
2 + 2 3 = 3 2 + 2
2 = 2 ; 2 3 = 0
3
=1 =
2
3
= +
2
= +
3
() = 1 2 + 2 + +
2
Donde:
3
= 1 2 + 2 + ln +
2
PRACTICA 9
V.Ecuacin lineal homognea:
Resolver:
130
2
1. 2
+
6 = 0
SOLUCION:
( 2 + + 6) = 0
2 + 6 = 0
( + 3)( 2) = 0
= 3, = 2
:
= 1 3 + 2 2
3 2 12
2. 3 2

= 0
SOLUCION:
( 3 2 12) = 0
:
3 2 12 = 0
1 = 0, 2 = 4, 3 = 3
:
= 1 + 2 4 + 3 3
3 2 2 5
3. 3 + 2

6 = 0
SOLUCION:
( 3 + 2 2 5 6) = 0
3 + 22 5 6 = 0
1 = 2, 2 = 1, 3 = 3
= 1 2 + 2 + 3 3
4. ( 3 3 2 + 3 1) = 0
SOLUCION:
131
3 32 + 3 1 = 0
1 = 2 = 3 = 1
= 1 + 2 + 3 2
5. ( 4 + 6 3 + 5 2 24 36) = 0
SOLUCION:
4 + 63 + 52 24 36 = 0
1= 2, 2 = 2, 3 = 4 = 3
= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 3
6. ( 4 3 9 2 11 4) = 0
SOLUCION:
4 3 92 11 4 = 0
1= 4, 2 = 3 = 4 = 1
= 1 4 + 2 + 3 + 4 2
7. ( 2 2 + 10) = 0
SOLUCION:
:
2 2 + 10 = 0
1 = 1 3, 2 = 1 + 3
132
= 1 3 + 2 3
8. ( 3 + 4) = 0
SOLUCION:
3 + 4 = 0
1 = 2, 2 = 2, 3 = 0
= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3
10. ( 4 + 52 36) = 0
SOLUCION:
4 + 52 36 = 0
1 = 2, 2 = 2, 3 = 3, 4 = 3,
= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 3
11. ( 2 2 + 5)2 = 0
SOLUCION:
1 = 1 2, 2 = 1 + 2
= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2
12. ( 2 + 2 + 15) = 0
SOLUCION:
:
2 + 2 + 15 = 0
1 = 3, 2 = 5
133
:
= 1 3 + 2 5
13. ( 3 + 2 2) = 0
SOLUCION:
:
3 + 2 2 = 0
1 = 0, 2 = 1, 3 = 2
:
= 1 + 2 + 3 2
14. ( 4 63 + 13 2 12 + 4) = 0
SOLUCION:
:
4 63 + 132 12 + 4 = 0
1= 1, 2 = 2
:
= 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 4
15. ( 6 + 94 + 24 2 + 16) = 0
SOLUCION:
:
6 + 94 + 242 + 16 = 0
(2 + 1)(4 + 32 + 16) = 0
(2 + 1)(2 + 4)2 = 0
1= 2, 2 = 2, 1= 2, 3 = 2, 4= 2, 5 = , 6 =
:
= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 + 4 2 + 5 + 6
PRACTICA 10
134
INTEGRACION POR SERIES
1. Resolver 2 = 0 mediante una serie de potencias de que satisfaga la
Condicin = 0 para = 0
SOLUCION:
Suponiendo que la solucin es de la forma:
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 + + + ()
Donde 0 = 0 y las restantes = 1,2, son constantes para determina.
Sea:
= 1 + 22 2 + 33 2 + 44 3 + 55 4 + 1 +
= 0 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
2 = 2
2 = (1 0 ) + (22 1 ) + (33 2 1) 2 + (44 3 ) 3 +. ..
+( 1 1 + (( + 1)+1 ) +
0 = (1 0 ) + (22 1 ) + ((33 2 1) 2 + 4(44 3 ) 3 +. ..
( 1 ) 1 + (( + 1)+1 ) +
Por lo tanto:
. 1 0 = 0 1 = 0 = 0 1 = 0
1 1
. 22 1 = 0 2 = 1 2 = 0
2 2
1 1
. 33 2 1 3 = 3 (2 + 1) 3 = 23 (0 + 2)
1 1
. 44 3 = 0 4 = 3 (2 + 1 3 = 234 (0 + 2)
1 1
. 1 = 0 = (1 ) = | (0 + 2) 3
Reemplazando los valores de los en la serie supuesta dada en (*) se tiene:
0 2 1 1
= 0 + 0 + + (0 + 2) 3 + (0 + 2) 4 + + (0 + 2) +
2! 3! 4!
Nota:
1 0 2 1 3 1 4 1
= + 0 + + + + + +
3! 2! 2! 3! 4! !
0 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
= (0 + 2 2) + (0 + 2 2) + ( + ) + (0 + 2) 3 + + (0 + 2)
2 2 2 3! !
135
( + 2) + 2 + 2 2 1 1
= 1+ + + ( + 2) 3 + + ( + 2) +
0! 1! 2! 3! !
+ (2 2 2 )
= ( + 2) + (2 2 2 )
= (0 + 2) (2 + 2 + 2 )
2. Resolver = 2 4 + + 1 satisfaciendo la condicin = 3 cuando = 2
SOLUCION:
Sea:
0 = = 3, 0 = = 3
i) Hacemos = 2 = + 2 =

Luego:
= = 2 + 3 = (, )
ii) suponiendo que:
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 + + + ()
Luego: 2 + 3 = 0 ser de la forma:
= 1 + 22 + 33 2 + 44 3 + + 1 +
2 = 2
= 0 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
2 + 3 = (1 0 + 3) + (22 1 ) + (33 2 1) 2 + (44
3 ) 3 + + ( 1 ) 1 + ( + 1)+1 ) +
Como: 2 + 3 = 0 se dir lo siguientes:
.20 1 = 0 1 = 0 3 = 0 3 1 = 0
. 20 1 = 0 2 = 0
1
. 33 2 1 = 0 3 =
3
1
. 44 3 = 0 4 =
43
1
. 55 4 = 0 5 = 5 543
1 2
= (1)43 (2)
2
= 3
!
136
Luego reemplazando en (*) tenemos lo siguientes:
1 2 2
= 3 + 3 ( ) + + +
3 2 !
iii) Haciendo = 2 se tiene:

2 2 2
= 3 + 3! ( 2)3 + 4! ( 2)4 + ! ( 2) +
3. Resolver (1 ) = 2 mediante una serie que satisfaga la condicin = 0 cuando = 0
(1 ) = 2 81 ) + 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 + + + ()
Dnde: 0 = 0
= 1 + 22 + 33 2 + 44 3 + + 1 + ( + 1)+1 +1 +
(1 ) = 1 (1 ) + 22 ( 2 ) + 33 ( 2 3 ) + ( 1 ) +
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 + + + +1 +1
2 = 2
(1 ) + 2 = (1 + 0 ) + (22 2) + (2 + 33 ) 2 + (23 + 4
+ 4 ) 3 +
Por lo tanto:
1 + 0 = 0 1 = 0 = 0
22 2 = 0 2 = 1
1
2 + 33 = 0 3 =
3
1
23 + 44 = 0 4 =
23
Reemplazando:
2 2 3 2 2
= 0 0 + 2
+ 23 + 43 4 + + (+1) +
4. Resolver = + 1 mediante potencias de ( + 1)
SOLUCION:
137
=1 = + 1 =
++2
Luego: = = = (, )
(+1)
Luego:
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + + +
Luego
( + 1) 2 = 0
( + 1) = 1 + 1 + 22 + 22 2 + 33 2 + 44 3 + 44 4 +
= 0 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
2 = 2
( + 1) 2 = (0 2 + 1 ) + (22 1) + (33 + 2 ) 2 + (44 +
23 ) 3
Por lo tanto:
0 2 + 1 = 0 1 = 3
1
22 1 = 0 2 =
2
1
33 + 2 = 0 3 =
23
2
44 + 23 = 0 4 =
234
6
34 + 55 = 0 4 = 2345
(+1)
+1 = (+1)
2
Luego:
2 3 2 4 6 5
= 1 + 3 + + +
2 23 234 2345
2 3 2 4 6 5
= 1 + 3 + 2!
3!
+ 4!
5!
+ x
Haciendo = 1
138
(1)2 (1)3 2(1)4 6(1)5

= 1 + 3( 1) + 2!
3!
+ 4!
5!
+
5. (1+ 2 ) + = 0 mediante potencias de x
SOLUCION:
La ecuacin diferencial ser:
(1+ 2 ) + = 0
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 + + + ()
Sea:
(1 + 2 ) = 22 + 22 2 + 63 + 63 3 + 124 2 + 124 4 + 205 3 +
205 5 + 306 6 + + ( ( 1)) 2 + ( ( + 1)) +
= 1 + 22 2 + 33 3 + 44 4 + 55 5 + 66 6 + + +
= 0 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
(1 + 2 ) + = (22 0 ) + (63 ) + (32 + 124 ) 2 + (83 + 205 )
3 + (154 + 306 ) 4 + + ((2 1) + ( + 1) ( + 2)+2 ) +
0 = (22 0 ) + (63 ) + (32 + 124 ) 2 + (83 + 205 ) 3 + (154 + 306 )
4 + + ((2 1) + ( + 1) ( + 2)+2 ) +..
Por lo tanto:
0
22 0 = 0 2 =
2
63 = 0 3 = 0
0
32 + 124 = 0 4 =
8
83 + 205 = 0 5 = 0

26 + 4 = 0 6 = 160
Reemplazando los valores de los en la serie supuesta dado en (*) se tiene:
0 2 0 0
= 0 + 1 + + (0) 3 4 + (0) 5 + 6+
2 8 16
6. Resolver 2 = 0 mediante potencias de x
SOLUCION:
139
Supongamos que existe una solucin de la forma:

=
=0
= 1

=1
= 0=2 ( 1) 2
Reemplazando en la ecuacin diferencial
=2 ( 1)
2
2
=1
1

=0 = 0
=2 ( 1)
2

=1
+1

=0 = 0

=0( + 2)( + 1)+2 =2( 1)1
1

=0 = 0
(( + 2)( + 1)+2 ( 1)1 ) + 22 + 3(2)3 0 1 = 0

=2
0 + 22 + (63 1 ) + [( + 2)( + 1)+2 ( 1)1 = 0]

=2
0
0 + 22 = 0 2 =
2
1
6 3 1 = 0 3 = 6
( + 1)( + 2)+2 ( 1)1 = 0
+ ( 1)1
+2 = ; 2
( + 1)( + 2)
Pero:
=2
2 1 0 21
4 = =
34 234
=3
3 22 6
1 0
5 = 45
= 2345
=4
4 33 4
0 1
6 = 56
= 23456
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 +
21 60 141
= 0 + 1 + 2!0 2 + 3!1 3 + ( 4!0 4!
) 4 + ( 5!1 5!
) 5 + ( 6!0 6!
) 6 +
140
2 4 6 5 6
= 0 (1 + + + + ) +
2! 4! 5! 6!
3 2 4 5 14 6
1 ( + + )
3! 4! 5! 6!
7. Resolver + ( 1) + = 0 mediante potencia de ( + 2)
SOLUCION:
= 2 = + 2 =
( +)
Luego: = = +1
= (, )
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 + + + ()
Luego: + ( + 1) + = 0 ser de la forma:
= 22 + 63 + 124 2 + 125 3 + 306 4 + ( 1) 2 +
( + 1) = 1 + 1 + 22 + 22 2 + 33 2 + 44 3 + 44 4 + +
1 + +
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 + + +
+ ( + 1) + = (1 + 2 + 22 ) + (22 + 21 + 63 ) + (33 + 32 +
124 ) 2 + (44 43 + 205 ) 3 + + (( + 1)+1 + ( + 1) ) +1 +
( + 1)( + 2)+2 ) +
Como:
+ ( 1) + = 0
Se dir lo siguientes:
1
1 + 2 + 22 = 0 2 = 2 2
2 1
22 + 21 + 63 = 0 3 =
6
0
32 + 124 = 0 4 =
8
41
33 + 32 + 124 = 0 4 =
48
41 20
44 + 43 + 205 = 0 5 = 240
++1
+2 = (+2)
1
141
Luego reemplazamos en (*) tenemos lo siguientes.
2 1 2 2 1 3 41 + 4) 4 41 20 5
= 0 + 1 + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) ( ) +
2 6 48 240
2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5
= 0 + 1 ( + + + ) + + + + +
2 6 12 60 2 3 12 12
Haciendo = 2 se tiene:
( 2)2 ( 2)3 ( 2)4 ( 2)5

= 0 + 1 (( 2) + + + )
2 6 12 60
( 2)2 ( 2)3 ( 2)4 ( 2)5

+ + + + +
2 3 12 12
11. (1 ) = 2
SOLUCION:
(1 ) + 2 = 0
Supongamos que existe una solucin de la forma

=
=0
= 1

=1
Reemplazando en la ecuacin dada:

1
(1 ) + 2 = 0
=1 =0

1 1
+ 2 = 0
=1 =1 =0
( + 1)+1 + 4 2 = 0

=0 =1 =0
1 + 0 + (( + 1)+1 + ) = 0
2
=1

2 ) 2
1 + 0 + (22 1 + 1 )(33 22 + 2 + [( + 1)+1 + ] = 0
=3
Luego:
142
1 + 0 = 0 1 = 0
22 1 + 1 = 0 2 = 0
1
33 22 + 2 1 = 0 3 =
3
( + 1)+1 + = 0
( 1)
+1 = ; 3 ( )
+1
Para:
=3
23 1 1
4 = = =
4 6 2.3
=4
34 1 1
3 = = =
5 10 2.5
=5
45 1 1
6 = = =
6 15 3.5
=6
56 1 1
7 = = =
7 21 3.7
=7
67 1 1
8 = = =
8 28 4.7
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 44 4 +
1 4 5 6 7 8
= 0 + 0 + 3 + + + + +
3 6 10 15 21 28
13. = 2 2 + 3
SOLUCION:

=
=0
= 1

=1
143

1
3 4 2 2 = 0
=1 =0
( + 1)+1 3 4 2 2 = 0
=0 =0
[( + 1)+1 3 ] 4 2 2 = 0
=0

(1 0 ) + (22 31 ) + (33 32 ) 2 2 2 + [( + 1)+1 3 ] = 0
=3
1 = 0 = 0 1 = 0
31 30
22 31 = 0 2 = =
2 2
2 + 32 4 + 90 (4 + 90 )
33 32 2 = 0 3 = = =
3 2.3 3!
( + 1)+1 3 = 0
3
+1 = ; 3; ( )
+1
Para:
=3
33 3(4 + 90 )
4 = =
4 4!
=4
34 (4 + 90 )
5 = = 32
5 5!
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 +
3 2 4 + 90 3 (4 + 90 ) 4 (4 + 90 ) 5
= 0 + 0 + + +3 + 32 +
2! 3! 4! 5!
3 2 3 3 4 32 5 33 6
= 0 (1 + + ) + (4 + 90 ) [ + + + + ]
2! 3! 4! 5! 6!
14. ( + 1) = 2 2 +
SOLUCION:
( + 1) 2 + 2 = 0
Supongamos que existe una solucin de la forma:
144
=
=0
= 1
=1
Reemplazando en la ecuacin dada:

1
( + 1) 2 + 2 = 0
=1 =0
+ ( + 1)+1 2 + 2 = 0

=1 =0 =0
[ + ( + 1)+1 ] + 1 0 2 + 2 = 0
=1

2 ) 2
1 0 + 2 + (1 + 22 1 ) + (22 + 33 2 [ + ( + 1)+1 ] = 0
=3
1 0 = 0 1 = 0
22 + 2 = 0 2 = 1
2
2 + 33 1 = 0 3 =
3
+ ( + 1)+1 = 0
( 1)
+1 = ; 3 ( )
+1
Para:
33 2
=3 4 = =
4 4
44 2
=4 5 = =
5 3
55 2
=5 6 = =
6 6
66 2
=6 7 = =
7 7
76 2
=7 8 = =
8 8
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 +
145
2 2 2 2
= 0 + 0 1 2 + 3 4 + 5 6 +
3 4 5 6
2 2 2 2
= 0 (1 + ) 2 + 3 4 + 5 6 +
3 4 5 6

15. y + xy = 0
SOLUCION:

=
=0
= 1

=1
= ( 1) 2

=2
:

2
( 1) + 4 = 0
=2 =1

2
( 1) + 3 2 = 0
=2 =3

2
22 + ( 1) + 3 2 = 0
=3 =3
22 + (( 1) + 3 ) 2 = 0
=3
2 = 0
( 1) + 3 = 0
= 3
( 1)
Para:
=3
0
3 =
3.2
=4
146
1
4 =
4.3
=5
2
5 = =0
5.2
=6
3 0
6 = =
6.5 6.5.3.2
=7
4 1
7 = =
7.6 7.6.4.3
=8
5
8 = =0
8.7
=9
6 0
9 = =
9.8 9.8.6.5.3.2
= 10
3 1
10 = =
10.9 9.7.6.4.3
0 3 1 4 0 1 0
= 0 + 1 6 7 9
3.2 3.4 3.2.5.6 3.4.6.2 3.2.5.6.8.9
3 6 9
= 0 (1 + + )
2.3 2.3.5.6 2.3.5.6.8.9
4 7 10
+1 ( + + )
3.4 3.4.5.6 3.4.6.7.8.9.10
16. Resolver + 2 2 = 0 mediante potencias de x
SOLUCION:
Supongamos que existe una solucin de la forma.

=
=0
= 1

=1
147
= ( 1) 2

=2
Reemplazando en la ecuacin diferencial dada:

2
( 1) + 2 = 0
2
=2 =0

2
( 1) + 2 +2 = 0
=2 =0

2
( 1) + 2 4 2 = 0
=3 =4

2
22 + 3(2)3 + ( 1) + 2 4 2 = 0
=4 =4
22 + 63 + 2 (( 1) + 24 ) 2 = 0
=4
22 = 0 2 = 0
63 = 0 3 = 0
( 1) + 24 = 0
24
= ; 4 ( )
( 1)
Para:
=4
0
4 = 2
4.3
=5
1
5 =
5.4
=6
22
6 = =0
6.5
=7
3
7 = =0
7.6
=8
148
24 22 0
8 = =
8.7 3.4.7.8
=9
25 22 1
9 = =
9.8 4.5.8.9
= 10
26
10 = =0
10.9
= 11
27
11 = =0
10.11
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 + 5 5 +
20 4 21 5 22 0 8 22 ! 9
= 0 + 1 . + + +
3.4 4.5 3.4.7.8 4.5.8.9
2 4 22 8 23 12
= 0 (1 + +) +
3.4 3.4.7.8 3.4.7.8.11.12
2 5 22 9 23 13
1 ( + )
4.5 4.5.8.9 4.5.8.9.12.13
17. + 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
Supongamos que existe una solucin de la forma

=
=0
= 1

=1
= ( 1) 2

=2
Reemplazando en a ecuacin diferencial dada:

2 1
( 1) + 4 = 0
2
=2 =1 =0
149

2
( 1) + +2 = 0
4
=2 =1 =0
( 1) 2 ( 2)2 2 + 4 2 = 0
=2 =3 =4
22 + 3(2)3 + ( 1) 2 1 ( 2)2 2 + 4 2 = 0
=4 =4 =4
22 + (63 1 ) + [( 1) ( 2)2 + 4 ] 2 = 0
=4
Igualando:
22 = 0 2 = 0
1
63 ! = 0 3 =
2.3
( 1) ( 2)2 + 4 = 0
( 2)2 4
= ; 4( )
( 1)
Para:
=4
22 0 20 20
4 = = =
4.3 2.3.4 4!
=5
33 1 33 1 31
5 = = = 3 =
5.4 4.5 2.3.4.5 5!
=6
44 2 44 80 23 0
6 = = = =
5.6 5.6 2.3.4.5.6 6!
=7
55 3 7 3 71 7. 1
7 = = ( ) = =
7.6 4 7.6 4.5.3! 7.6 7!
=8
66 4 1 4 6.20 120
8 = = ( ) = =
7.8 5 7.8 4! .5.7.8.6 8!
=9
150
77 5 17 3 171
5 = = =
9.8 120 9.8 9!
= 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 4 +
1 3 20 4 31 5 23 0 6 7 1 7 23 0 8
= 0 + 1 + +( ) +
3! 4! 5! 6! 4 7! 5.8!
2 4 8 6 8 3 5 7. 7
= 0 (1 + 12 ) + 1 ( + 3 + +)
4! 6! 8! 3! 5! 7!
PRACTICA 11
ECUACIONES DE BESSEL Y GAUSS:
Resolver:
1. Comprobar que:
()
= 1()

SOLUCION:
(1) 1 2
() =
=0 ( ) `
(!)2 2
2 1 4 1 6 1 2
() = 1 ( ) + 2
( ) 2
( ) + + (1) ( )
2 (2!) 2 (3!) 2 (!)2 2
() 1 3 1 5 1 2+1
= ( ) + ( ) ( ) + (1)+1 ( )
2 1! 2! 2 2! .3! 2 (!)( + 1)! 2
() 1 3 1 5 1 2+1
= [( ) ( ) + ( ) +(1)+1 ( ) ]
2 1! 2! 2 2! .3! 2 (!)( + 1)! 2

() 1 2+1
= (1) ( )
(!)( + 1)! 2
=0
()
= 1 ()

4. Probar que:
1
( ) 1
2 = () + 1 () + + () + + 1 () +

1
+ () + ()

=
SOLUCION:
151
1
( ) 1
2 = () + 1 () + + () + + 1 () +

1
+ () +

1 1
( ) = (1) + ( ()) + () + (1 ()) + ( ()) + + ( )
2
1
+ (1 ()) + + ( ) + ( ()) +

1
( ) = (0 (). 1 () () . ) + (1 () . () . )
2
1 1 1
+ ln(1. . 2 . ) + ln( . 4 . . )

Hallando el equivalente en sumatorias:

1 1
1
( ) = ln( ()) + ln( ()) + ln( ) + ln( )
2
=0 = =0 =

1
( ) = ln( ()) + ln( )
2
=

1
( ) = [ln( ()) + ln( )]
2
=

1
( ) = ln( . ())
2
=

1
( ) 1
2 = () + 1 () + + () + + 1 () + + = ln( . ())

=
3 1
5. ( 2 ) + (2 2) 4 = 0
SOLUCION:
3
+ + 1 = 2; =
2
1 1 3 1
1 = ( ; ; ; ) = 1 =
2 2 2 4
1
(1 ) =
4
3 2 5 3
1 = 1 + + + +
6 40 112
1
2 =0
4
152
1
2 + =0
4
1 1
= ; = ; = 3/2
2 2
6. Resolver mediante serie:
( 2 ) + 4(1 ) 2 = 0
SOLUCION:
( 2 ) + 4(1 ) 2 = 0,
= 4, = 2 , + + 1 = 4, :
= 1, = 2, = 4, =
3 1
1 = (1 + + 2 + 3 )
2 10 5
2 = 1 ( + 1, + 1,2 , ), :
2 = 1 (2, 1, 2, )
2 = 3 (1 + 2 )
La solucin completa ser:
3 2 1 3
= (1 + + + ) + 3 (1 + 2 )
2 10 5
2 = 1 ( + 1; + 1; 2 ; )
1 1
2 = 2 (0; 0; ; ) =
2
= 1 + 2
3 2 5 2
= [1 + + + + ] +
6 40 112
8. probar que el cambio de variable dependiente = transforma la ecuacin + = 0 en una

ecuacin de Bessel.
SOLUCION:
Hacemos el cambio de variable =
=

= +
2
153

= + 2 +2 3 Reemplazando en la ecuacin
4 2

= + 3
4 2

+ = + 3 + = 0
4 2

2 + 4 + 2
3 = 0, > 0
2

2 + + 2 = 0
4

2 + + ( 2 4) = 0 Vemos que con el cambio de variable de = a la ecuacin +
= 0 se transforma en una ecuacin de Bassel.
154

Bateria Terminada Listo

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Bateria Terminada Listo

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

RESOLUCION DE LA BATERIA DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES

I.SOLUCIONES DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES

1. Demostrar por sustitucin directa en la ecuacin diferencial, comprobando las constantes

a) y = 1 senx + 2 x es solucin de (1 x ctgx) - x + y = 0

(1 + x ctgx) = (1 + x ctgx) (- 1 senx) = - 1 senx + 2 x cosx (1)

-x = - x (1 cosx + 2 ) = -x 1 cosx - 2 x (2)

Luego sumamos (1), (2) y (3)

(1 + x ctgx) - x + y = - 1 senx + 1 x cosx - 1 x cosx + 2 x + 1 senx + 2 x

Luego sumamos (1), (2), (3) y (4)

2. Demostrar que y = 2x + C es la solucin de la ecuacin diferencial, y - y = 2 2x

Luego sumamos (1) y (2)

(x , y) = (0, 3) 3 = 2(0) + C C=3

La ecuacin de la curva integral es: y = 2x + 3

3. Demostrar que y = 1 + 2 2 + x es solucin de - 3 + 2y = 2x - 3 y hallar

La ecuacin de la curva integral que pase por os puntos (0,0) y (1, 0)

Luego sumamos (1), (2) y (3)

(x, y ) = (0, 0) 0 = 1 0 + 2 2(0)+ 0

(x, y) = (1, 0) 0 = 1 1+ 2 2(1) + 1

La ecuacin de la curva integral es:

4. La primitiva de la ecuacin diferencial x = y es y = Cx. Hallar la ecuacin de la curva

5. Comprobar que y = 1 cosx + 2 senx, y = Acos(x+ B) son primitivas de + y = 0

Demostrar tambin que ambas ecuaciones son, en realidad, una sola.

= - 1 cosx - 2 senx (1)

= 1 cosx + 2 senx (2)

Luego sumamos (1) y (2)

+ y = - 1 cosx - 2 senx + 1 cosx + 2 senx

Luego sumamos (3) y (4)

Ahora demostraremos que y = 1 cosx + 2 senx , y = A cos(x+ B) son, en realidad, una

y = A cosx cosB A senx senB

Como A cosB y A senB son constantes, pueden asumir el valor de

y = 1 cosx + 2 senx = A cos(x+ B)

Como es una constante = B

7. Demostrar que arc senx arc seny = A se puede escribir as

arc senx arc seny = A

8. Demostrar que ln(1 + y) + ln(1 + x) = A se puede escribir como xy + x + y = C

Como 1 es constante, entonces puede tomar el valor

9. Demostrar que senhy + coshy = Cx se puede escribir como y =ln(x) + A

Como lnC es constante entonces le damos el valor de A= ln C

II.Origen de las ecuaciones diferenciales

Sea q la cantidad de gramos convertidos en t minutos, el nmero de gramos aun no

3. Obtener la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva y = A 2 + Bx + C

4. Obtener la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva = () + ().

Siendo A y B constantes arbitrarias y a es una constante fija

Luego sumamos (1) y (2)

5. Obtngase la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva = 2 + +

Multiplicamos con la ecuacin (1)

Multiplicamos con la ecuacin (2)

Multiplicamos 2 con la ecuacin (3)

6. Obtener la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva y = 1 3 + 2 2 + 3

7. Obtener la ecuacin diferencial asociada con la primitiva y = C 2 + 2

8. Halle la ecuacin diferencial de la familia de circunferencia de radio fijo r cuyos centros

9. Hallar la ecuacin diferencial de la familia de parbolas cuyos focos estn en el origen y

II.Reduccin de variable separable

II.Si (, ) + (, ) = 0 es homognea, demostrar que se separan las variables

Reemplazando (3), (4), (5) en (1) se tiene:

() + ()( + ) = 0, Agrupando y separando la variable se tiene:

Anlogamente se hace para

III.Ecuaciones Diferenciales Homogneas:

IV.Ecuaciones diferenciales reductibles a homogneas:

Reemplazando en la ecuacin diferencial dada:

Para que la ecuacin (1) sea homognea debe cumplirse:

Reemplazando (2) en (1) y simplificando se tiene:

Que es una ecuacin diferencial homognea sea