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A generally
accepted value
for the Critical
Reynold number
1
Heat Transfer Coefficient
The local Nusselt number at a location x for laminar flow over a flat
plate may be obtained by solving the differential energy equation to be
Laminar + turbulent
3
Uniform Heat Flux
4
Flat Plate with Unheated Starting Length
Local Nusselt numbers
476900 5 / 8
4/5
0.02953 W/m K 0.62(476900)1 / 2 (0.7154)1 / 3
h 0.3 1
1m [1 (0.4 / 0.7154) 2 / 3 ]1 / 4 282000
19.95 W/m2 K
The outer surface area of the exhaust stack is
As DL (1 m)(10 m) 31.42 m 2
The rate of heat loss from the exhaust gases in the exhaust stack can be determined from
Q loss m
c p (Tin Tout ) (1.2 kg/s)(1600 J/kg C)(30) C 57600 W
The heat loss on the outer surface of the exhaust stack by radiation and convection can be expressed as
Q loss
h [Ts T ] [Ts4 Tsurr
4
] s q solar
As
Copy the following lines and paste on a blank EES screen to solve the above equation:
A_s=31.42
h=19.95
q_incindent=1400
Q_loss=57600
T_inf=27+273
T_surr=27+273
alpha=0.9
epsilon=0.9
sigma=5.670e-8
Q_loss/A_s=h*(T_s-T_inf)+epsilon*sigma*(T_s^4-T_surr^4)-alpha*q_incindent
Solving by EES software, the surface temperature of exhaust stack is
Ts 406 K 133C
Discussion Since the value of the (force) convection heat transfer coefficient is relatively small, this indicates that natural
convection may play an important role.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course
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