Verical Resolutions

Verical Resolutions a distance that characterizes the ability of a logging tool to

resolve changes parallel to the tool axis. The word vertical implies a vertical well, but the
term is used at other wellbore deviations. The vertical resolution summarizes the vertical
response of the measurement in one or more distances. Most quoted vertical resolutions
assume a homogeneous formation with stated properties. Vertical resolutions can vary
considerably in more complex conditions, and at different values of the properties concerned.
They should be considered only a qualitative guide to tool response. There are several
different definitions of the vertical resolution distance. First, and most commonly, it is the
interval within which a large percentage, typically 90%, of the vertical response occurs.
Second, it is the minimum bed thickness needed for the measurement to read within a small
percentage, typically 10%, of the true value at the center of the bed. Third, it may refer to the
smallest bed thickness for which a significant change can be detected by the measurement.
For acoustic and electromagnetic propagation measurements, it is taken, with reasonable
accuracy, as the span of the receiver array. For nuclear and nuclear magnetic resonance
measurements, which must be acquired during a significant time interval, the vertical
resolution also depends on the logging speed and the precision required.

Depth of Investigation

Very few tools have a definite depth of investigation beyond which there is no
influence on the measurement. Rather, there is a diffuse boundary over which the
contribution to the measurement falls to insignificant levels. In order to compare different
tools a definition is required that accounts for this diffuse boundary. Here we will adopt a
common definition that the depth of investiga- tion is the distance from the tool inside which
90% of the signal originates Definition: Depth of investigation is the distance measured from
the outer surface of the tool, from which 90% of the measurement originates. As we have
already noted the depth of investigation typically varies as the formation properties change. It
may also depend on external factors such as temperature and mud type. The depth of
investigation is normally a more clear-cut specification than vertical resolution and tool
designers put a lot of effort into determining it either by experiments or detailed computer
models But for certain tool types it is actually quite difticult to define exactly what it is
notably the sonic log.
 The depth of investigation is an important parameter for all tools used in well logging.
The authors examine the most appropriate method for characterizing the depth of
investigation, using the results of Monte Carlo calculations by the MCNP code. A common
measure of the depth of investigation called S₁(h) characterizes the detector
response to a limited thickness of formation with a vacuum beyond. Alternative parameters
which characterize average or median values of depth have been calculated. The variation of
penetration depth as a function of the formation density, source collimation angle, and short
spacing detector collimation angle has been characterized. It is shown that all these factors
have a significant effect on the penetration depth of a tool. An alternative function
S₂(h), based on the effect of a small density, source collimation angle and short
spacing detector collimation angle has been characterized. It is shown that all these factors
have a significant effect on the penetration depth of a tool. An alternative function
S₂(h) curve, which is directly relevant to cases of invasion by a low-Z mudcake,
is very different from S₁(h) and predicts substantially lower penetration depths

Sumber:

http://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_review/ors91/jul91/4_vertical.pdf
http://digilib.itb.ac.id/files/disk1/545/jbptitbpp-gdl-ekomariocl-27217-3-2007ta-2.pdf