Class XIIth Board Notes MathematicsMATHEMATICS |.S.No. UNIT Marks I | Relations and Functions 10 * Chet Relations & Functions © h-2 Srverse Trigo. Functions Tl | Algebra £5. © Matrices (th-3) | * Determinants (tu) | TEL | Cateulus 44 [4 he5 Conuily k Difprentaity 6 Ch Application, of Aurivatives «tht IV} Vectors 3-D Geomeby 14 * Ch-10 Vector jebra * GhlS thee Dimuruianal. Geometry Vv Linear Pegpaonning (ch-2) 06 VI. Probability (ch- 13) | toCh-12 LINEAR PROGRAMMING, Oman ks Gus A company manufactins tun types of novelty souwmina made f plywood. Aowwimion of ype A reine 5 minutia cack for cutting amd 10min cach for aaurmibling . houwnis of type Bo Aegpuiic: @ minutes cach for cutting and 8 mamuter cack for ansembling . Thue ane Bhows 20 minutes available to auatting amd 4 hous for Aasernbting . he (Partias Re 5 tach for ope & be Bb cack for type 8 stauuenisa How many Aouvenine cocks type Abould the tompony swans fecline bv odie maxining the prgit 7 elas Type Time. der cutting Thme for ausancbting Paopit Aw 5 minus 40 minutes RS Bw 8 minute 8 rwinuter Ra Lek the number of amuvenin of type A te amd of type B be tinea Pros iarmming Problem ic max Z = Set 6 Aubject te Constraint + Sa t By $200 ao, y lox + By $240 ac 7” B(g)20) — [obtained by ole athe 2 Linear e9ne 4 a : ‘ 5 oy aon tay =240“he ferible sepin 20 oblaiwd dt bounded with Conn pots A (0,25) , 8(8,20) , /e(2%0) , B(%0) Cocnea Parnts | feetive Funttion (RD | — ae ree Sut by ® (0,95) | 160 8 ( #,20) Io Maximune | C ( 24,0) 120 | | D (0,0) ° | o's Manian profit i obtaiud ak B( 4/20). Meo te maxim poe w RO ie at x=8 andy=20. » the company should manuf chine 8 souvenim of type A ore yi Dype Bee dee te maxis BAL prapit. eT A dic iv to contain atleast 80 unite 4 vitamin A amd 100 wih of, minerals Yue foods Fy k Fa ane availalle . Find Fi conte Re 4 per unit food amd Fr, costi Ree per unit . One unit of. food Fy contains 3 uni ap vitanin A amd 4 unite of, mineral - Ou unit ef fred Fy containe Fe et enn minerals. Formulate this as a linear «Find the medintnine cask for dict that consist ip vets tase fo ond also meets the minimal mubritimal pequiremente Food Nétonwa A rminurals coat (Ri) Ap 3unth Auntk 4 Reap Guntk Sunits 6 Lr tee rlxtine contain a alte of food Fa amd y unite of feed Lineas oyramoning foblene is ‘mi Z = tn + by Subject to constraints 1 Sx t by % 80 4a + 3y % 100 170, 470 aGx tye Joy 5 a But by = 80 auth o10 he jensthle fw do obtained J unbounded wlth corner points A(0, 100), 8 (4) and C ( £059) [coset . Sec ie jecie Fini (units) | \ pare + by A (190) ig 200 814) | to4 = —+ Smallest | £ Fs, 0) | Bele | ___1 Conaider tvequality : Ax + by < 104 wehdeh seprusnt ihe, doled In eit nk nt made by this bar mo commons port with the feaai Aegon . Muy Z= 104 on which is attaued at (04, 4/a) be x= 2H be ye ‘Therefore, the muixture contine 24 mite of food Fa and 4 wil {pod Fh. 4)Bus there ore tivo types a petiliees Fy beh, Rp tonalite 10/ widragen and 67 prapherie acid amd Fr tomis of S/ nitrogen amd 407 phoiphate acid Ager tting thee Asil conditions , a farmun finds that she meeds atleast |4 by of, wltnegen bc 1M ke of phoiphorte acid for her onop. Ht Fy costa RA 6/9 amd Fy cost Rs6/kg , detsmine how muuch of Coch lype of ferbilder should be wed So that muti pequiements as met at a minimune cost. What c He minimum cock 4 Stew Fertiiser Netrapen —— Plaupleotus Anat Aw to of Be) kg AW Sf sof. Rs S/kg dee ox Mo FL nd yoy OF Fy are wed ae a dineas Fropamming Phoblene ds min Z= Out Sy Suefeck to fomstraints ¢ O.t% + 0.05 714 le. 10x + Sy 2 1400 0.06% + Oty 214 je. Cut 104 % 1400 LO , 70. 4 | { ae PR? ae ’ | Neaieetp/ 7 TTT Tl wa: i) ) | yl xe Ia ene ee Se ox yoo ‘\ | fy | \o Gx tSy 100 ee 194 1400 | v ue font Sy 2-100 (s)The feastile segiow 40 Obtained ds unbounded wilt corner points 2,289), B(I00, 80) & € (w°) Conn Pointe Objective Function (RS) L= 6x +6 ee eee B (160 , 80) 1000 —> Smatlest C( 42, 0) 5 1400 Gnstder inequality ¢ 6urSy < 4000 auhith Aepresent the dotted Mine, w the he Ond_ alk pane made -by Uuis has 20 Comma spout aoe ne 4 sf Mii Z = $000 super whith & attaived at (109,40) ie ie, 2-400 and ye 80 Maw, the farm should use too k4 of pubilisaen Fy amd forg of fotiliw amd the minune oct ib Re 4000 « (eyQe-5 = ContINuITy & DIFFERENTLABILITY * Rolle’s Iheotem, Lek ty tea teal valued function, defined om [a,b] such that t b& ¢ = fly cy Hb Continuous om [a,b] Wy fx) & diffuentiable on Ja,bf thn A ome poi c€ Ja,bl such that fp (c)=0. © 8 (tics) (409) K Mun Value theorem, tet ft) bea sual valu function defied ow [a,b] such that ¢ fe) continuous om [a,b] cb fey in Adippantiable on Jabl, then J atleast one pl. C € Ja,bl such that Plo = flo =fo boo NeeRT (Ex 5.8) Bus Nevify Rolle’s theme, fr the function 4x) = 1 trx-4, LE 4,2) Ad Y= 42-8, x € [4,2] wb 4FE9 =0 Ff) = fly = #o) Lib, being polymonacal fun dtiw » fx) % cont: on [452] (iy f(xy = 2mpD @"2 fle) ts dittaentlable mm 4,2) a's all Conditions of Rolle’s Thwoum are Aactiified . an A atleast on pl. c € (4,2) Such that 4’ (=o act aHro > e=-1 € EdD Hence, Rolle's Sheorem dk vou'fied. ys Vouity MuT, if qo 7 W-4x-3 vy the interval [a,b], Where a-1 & b=4. AAS fo = BK E (1,4) & betng polymonfal function , fo ts continuous on [1,4] dh POY= mm-4 5 flv iu ditfwentiable iv (1,4) v's all conditions of MVT are Satisfied . ‘Then, 2 atleast” one pl ¢ such that Pl fot) ~ &3)-Co 4-1 2 = 4 24rd Qc-ur4 or c=Sfa € 4/4 dience, MVT is verified. Gun Sf FEES STAR th a differentiable function and if 4'(x) donot Vamiako amagwtine. , then prove thal 9 #F9) ca FSS] PR ba diffrentiab function fe 4x) is déppondiabte dn F545] > Yo) ie untinuow on E65] (every difyrentinble functions Jn continueus) Be. os f(x) FO we atliask one of ther Conditions 4 Rove's theorem is nok Aasistied tig shoe $08) FH. @Ch-G APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES Ex 64 # Margind cot : Marginal cot (MC) & rate of change of Cost wat noduction, of ikem x? . # Marginal Reenue + Wax ginal Revenue (MR) is rate change 7 revenue wrt no. of products sotd (x). Ex 6.4 APPROXIMATIONS <- bf fe) = few ee E osx) - = Py = iy, teste SPY = Metsy -fO (appeoeimatty ) An > [ler = Ply aes fd. Capper) 2 feo = din gin) - 1) = him (y + Ay) — (oes df = din by a ee a - oes “7 (4) (ane o ete Ly B marks BO he y= * ® 6 _ oat Oa = 4 ol Ht AX = 3245 ker x= 32 5 bx= 045 oOpots © As 44 ~ Gy) (appaon.) a 44 >) Aa = bys 4 . (015) = O15 =_3 = 0.0018 q 5 (92) z 5X16 Ieoo O18 Cpprer Ok pm® + Ay = (n+aJ"* 3 2 +0.008 = (32.1575 = ao0/8 = (32.15)" a) ‘the , (s245) = 2.0018 approximately th (CpY (aes) ext @S Ut An = 3.468 dee a=4 7 due - 0,032 dy = au ® a oa © = (4) = Bae = 2.04) (-0.022) (appro) = nie = 0.096 Epprex) @ ytdy = (rary > th tay = (3.908)" > & 0.096 = (aaa fi = F.40y = (3.468) 1 Capper) tus, (5168)? = 4.904 approximately. Example 36,37 & 3& are very Umbortant. / pica a a 4B, 50984 a© marks Ex 6.5 Prove that the volume of the large cone chat cam be Unset bed Wn a sphere of pads R & ff te volume f the splint Ba” Vem to be mxtised rs Vy cme = GR) Wy apes eshte Wek det 4, by Vi te thy radia, height and olame of te tome anh R be the rade of di Ve4arh = ES TH (RY) (RD ae van [-2«(R+9 + (Rex)] eels [eto][-2x +R) = LM(RH)(R-3) . 3 For Critical points, duro = YMRS (R-ax) =o Sx=-R oy HEF a Buk x= B nly. day = Amy [(R3x) + (Red) > An [-2R-&] daw 3 ARV) = ee ae in [-2e -¢(g)] <° 5 Therefore > = B- a point of maxima, « Vef om = Ar (REx7) (R+2d iow (ee) (R+R) A 3 “a 3 = 2. UNR? 243 8. (volume here). ok if ) . . Hherefore, Ye velime of Lage cone & am ua volume of aphere Hence proved GbSve that seni —wrttal angle qf Aight cbaulor ene. of gen dutpsce aten and asim voliue a ser (L) « dee hy hk, , 0 be the slant Talghte 5 height » kad amd seul vertital. angle of the cone and Sand V be the surface area ard volume of the tore. S = m(149) > glum PLeg -K an 7k Ve Lory 3 avn + > Ape Vegi = grrilerd arr [e ry | > yrs amr’ [st -2s\) = (S*7*- 20Sr') Tey q AV = 3b [as*r - asr3] dx 4 For Cakticat Points , v=o > 4 es -8nsrt] =o + => |[s tarry ve = 4 frs* — 24nsei] drs 4 ee | dee |ynrts viherefore, S=4are* ds a pt of maxtma, S= ante TUK ( LER) = YAK STK = oat SW (a #0) Yes moet =. Es 3 r+0 = -ve am 2 3 on b= sin! (4). Hence proved. (4oMiscellaneous Ex. on 'g Bld eS fad ae ma own ae eae age ee Fe hE eh witty its vertex Ak one end of the eajor ari SAP Faramutele coordinate of ony ps 4 atmo, bevig) on alps db gaons by = 5 (acoso , b sm) iene AB= Obsme aaieanie , QC = 0c-or = a-awsO- Asan CAS = t ABXCD —— (2bsme) (a - acoso) A= abl 1-wse) (sino) da = ab [1059 (1-coso) + simO (sino y] de a= ab [ 0040 + sin? - cos?e'] ak = ab [cos —cos20] d AA = ab [si + 2sin26]) Por attfal ph; dA zo 5 ab [cos® - cos26) ~0 ca > (C0s8 - 20036 +1] =0 > wsO=1,-1 = ah Bt cod = =_- <¢ fey cafe y me cos = = “mheregrre, 058 == bh a faint of maxima, e113 (6) = 3B ob 4a wthus, the war. area of an isescele blangle sbueribed tiv the elldpse, be, 2 = 4 wlth Th verte; i ete wi We vertex at one end of the mar axed is Bab sq. units. u ayBay A pont on the ape dhe des 4 diongle ik ak a dibtance & and b fom e- Show hak tha mibninum Lenghhy of, the Aupotensse ie “a + bey n Ast” Lo= AB= AL +PB = gsecO + beer GL = A408 tan® —b coseO cot 8 de dAL = a secHan®® + asec? + of beasecO cob2O + b coree?o ‘40> Fer Cribeal pom , ® secO = 4 + -+an'o > cec?O = 1+ (ey? = ced yee t Ey) ane > seco a)" F ak ased = a (ae ayn ays = ah (@ AL a sec8 + beosecd = obla(oct + p26) = (ar + pay Hence. proved. (a y 8) Ya. AP= a seco PB= bcoecd. dit ° o> 6 = tan'(hyie = tard =(4y ba pe of minima . c0t30 = (a2) 29 =a (@) = ove (” @ w= 1+ tO = Udo = A ay = web = (pt =) Phe 7 wsecd = (2 (ae > beowed = b (a2 - 578) a = b? (2h pet) + ba (ecy yi) ™Gast Aron thak height of the gf Yeates volume awhicl tan te ingrched tu a Aight cheuter come f height b amd semi vertiol leo is one —ttuid that of the cone amd the quatice volume sybinda. is AL ThE tan?oc . A at Vof epider to be maximised ‘ester Vo} eyduivder > (A) Veg ome =A Th? tan, at Lee Bry and V te the padi, Legit ond Wome of He pnd det hte and x be the ight » nadbis and com’ vertical eof the, tone AABcC ~ AADE = AB = pe AD DE Shey ax = ve wt h-hx) = Tree ~he’) Ava Th (2-34) de Y eV = = a Th( 2 Sx) “For Gritied point, AV =0 dx ay. ae Ve my “72D 4A meh ae Here , tana = de Aub hing ta, valu of v= 4 te ah (itty vez _4 Wh? tan*«. ae Hence proved . =Ch-+ INTEGRALS NeerT (Ex 4.8) * DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS A LIMIT OF A SUM_ by @ mada x By definition Liea-d= = fine [yay + plas + pavany ¢l2+a-v)] hoo Where h= boa 5 as m0 ~ h>o fF Ca+O-Db) ‘width of cach lp ish? ee wy “h 4+24+3+_ 0... 4@» = ate WH P+ P+. -t ay >= Aln-D (20-1) Wy Pree. + Ove [aley]* é > dy Otant task! = alsit-1) @ bm a Out Evaluate Verde as 4 lemit- of a sum . a A Mee ast, be 2 he bea = 2-6) oy foo sl nea xe? fay = CD-2 = 4-2 FEltW) = City’ =2. = fh -2 t bY - 2h flt+2u) = (ray 2 = f= 2 + (2H ~ Hh FC+ Grow) = Frimowy 2 = 24 (hy — 2h(n-1) ay)T= “feeayds = nh [ped + flith) + peitenyt - - - - - fl rtenny] Nigh [Poo 200 t (Pvt Hoyt) ~ aell4a4 - 40-9] Suv [on + W mlny(ant> = 2h ater] we 7 2 = Nw [ T ik Shutlar te = (GT) ER for T TEA “Rb symmetric @ TRANSITIVE 2k Thy Tay Te GA such thet Chotjer and Ch) €R 2 Ti Sulla hand stllan to Th as Ag sinilar te Yue tame tt } 3 Tit similan & T i we shrilar te cach othe > (NT) eR toy Tio Teo A «Ris transitive. wey fpalialones being R i seplexive symomebte, an ede. Tes of Fiwletiol ) One - One (Injective) $£A-9B 16 said te be one-one. Hf . images cf dlitinct elements of A fe dlitinct * fm m4, % EA auch that $1%1) = t(0) Pum ¥ HANA o fu x, GA Such hak %4 Ff Xa 2 0s) + fla) ¥ 1,64 L Swot te used jor wuts nip Qo)(2) Onto Funcion, (Suarfectinve) PAR is said to be Onto (suyftelive) function if . Aleman of B is the image of dome element of A india * Range of $ = codomain * Fo, yteR Druea Such that Yo=y yy eB Ext.2 ; Be Let A = R-E3} and B= R-ft}. Comatder the funtion fi? APB dfeived by el Cory ie § one-one. amd onto 2 Duatify, your amuie A AnR fa} , B-Rfth » fihor ft >(22). © one-one Gs det %),% EA ouch that $04) =#1%2) 3 fet eda Pe RA > % ~ 3x, H2WHAE = %%—-2% -3BUt6 2 my=4, YH MH, UWEA OOM UN ee Q@ onto Fry €B8 yee Here y#t may ay ty o> ey eRfZ 7B my ome Bye Meo H x-3 BC Fo yc 3 ap fl 7) i Fy Qy-B = By-2 yt -3 4 d yo Not posstbke = By-2-2y pd = LF3 By-2 - Sy 43 Bre R-f3j =A oe DEN a fay vy ve GB mee ooBue Contd the function, St Re PE S/0) Aqined bg FOS = 90+ be - Shoo that 4 ik one-one dnd onto Ord hence find 4%. Hg Re OE 5,0) Le @ masks flO = 40° bx 5 = (8x) + ABH) + P-P-5 = (S241) -6 @® ONE-onE tet 2, 4%, Ry Such Heat f1%) = ffx) 9 (By tO 6 = Gar2)"—< 2 Sytl = Bitl , Wi WERE 2 xy =K Y x 5% ER oe f le ome -one ® ono fry €E5,-),A x=fyre-1 ER, 3 such that 7 (% “Wize =!) = z=) i | “< = (WF 2 dty ay € [-6,2) ote fh onto > fu bijective is one-one a4 well as onto 2 f fen. > o ‘ . A Defic, fi’! E5,4) Ry f(y) = ee 1 ¥ y €E 5,2) On fy aera ¥ x €E 5,0) ‘Ws, Fy) = fare 1 ¥ xe L-5, 0) 2 2)# BINARY 2PERATIONS DA function HF AXA >A Ko ‘binary operation . Bree Lee tw function difinad. on N then dh a*b =atb dy a*b = ab @ ath = ab mw a*b = a Wi ath = %, Oi) ath = atab O Were, .d0,0 0) am sapatunting binary operations an sum, pusduct of tuo natural noe ik a matin no, © while differnee and diviston of two natural 0.4 need nok be a natural no. dh a*b=a-b + 2,2€N Parse a-z =-I fn. > let * ea Binary operation olepined ow A, fe KIAKA >A, cthen it is said to be th Commutative i Sf a*h=bta vabea ch Auouiative = If @tb)tc = at(bte) Woa,bjcea 4 : : . ; > te Be any beiauiy operations defined Ow A. A element € €A ix ald to be an identity lems ff (are = eta =@ Yah) NOME = Sdentity Cement Sf exist VS wngue. > Existence of Inverse. Lk * be a binary operation ow A with ¢ EA be the, density element VQEA, A bEA such that ah = bia =e), then bis called inverse ofa ond a wu an Invettible deneut - QyExim (2 BY tye) HH Lee d= £1,2,3,4,55. Binary gerations au dlipined on Mac: & Ab = amin Fanny --—cb ath = ner {a,b} - - <6 ab = Lemfa,b} -— - -city UY [alsfolsiy lO} waw + ajo fa{aieis dH Ye, ik ib Commutative a|tfafal}aja & ya, tt amociatine BZ l[4]alsials dy) 5 the identity clenunt- Hizfelsi4i4 (Orly one clenant je-5 is invertible and th @|+{als|/4 8 dvovewe be 5 Steel. (hy pe [2 als dei £/ 4 £\ a Wy dt commubative {o | 4 24 (iy de ic asonfative S| 4ai1}3 4 |4 i Cdn ‘ 4 3 tw Nee, Cdaitity deme ext. yf ajay riy | t S| 4} saul: cy fefae ts [eT] cb wth got tinny an a= og A 2| 4] 2] 3 [4 [5 diy tee commutative 2{o}a] e]y4 [lo ily Se L asouiative U1 | EE Gy Au the dently clemant 4LAL4 [42/4 | 20 wo Only one elenunt hee A is sivertible 5 | 5 {40 }15) 20 5 and its jwoue is A feselp. TE 4) i outcome is clement of et and NOEE) 4 on cl erations» ie amy leraent of mo otha element , then it b a (2) For commutative 5 cosseaponding te evry dement , th How and coluenn Should. be identical (3) Fer associative, main diz should have all the elements of A aay Cig: mo element will répeat)wy Cetaarponding te anty cement ite now and column iv Ldentiah with the jm Hepreserctalion > then, the. dlenunk is tnown as dently, element 89 Lek # be the, binary gperation on N defined ty a%b = HEF of a and b. L* commutative? * associative? Docs thie exist Cdentity for this tune operation, on N ? be So * us binary operation depiud tm N at b> Her of f4,b5. ® comm uTative det ab EN thn aXb = HOF gf £45 --O bt qa = HEF of th,aj --@ from@ 6O a*b = b¥a , Ya,b en « * i commutative . ® assoczarive det a,b,c EN a*(bec) = aX HEF of fb,c3 = Her of fa, Her of fb, 033 = HCF of fa,bct = HCE of f HEF of fabs pes = HCE of fa,b3 *o = (aby ve - aX(b*c) = (aXby*e ¥ a,b,c EN 2 Kb auociative - ® ve tdentety clement exit on fo DEN ay = Her of f2,4$ = 2 Ko2* 8 = Her of f2,85 2 sw e=4,e [vr ate =e%a =a] As wl f @ & not unique fe No entity element exists . CSBt det A =NXN and. # be the “inary operation mA déined 4 (a,b)* (4d) = (are, bed). Show that * is Commutative & assoctative Find the identity dement for ® om A, iE 5 Ady * on R=NXN (0,b)* Ed) =(are, b+d) © comyvtative : det (yb) (64) EA, Her (a,b) (ed) =(ate, bed) - --O from © 4 4) *(@,b) = (cta,d+b) - -@ (Gb) * (6d) = (e,d)* (a,b) ¥ Cab) CADE oe * i Conmutective ® assocrarive : Zet (a,b) (6,4) (ef) EA then ((a,8)* (ay) * (Gp = (arc, b+d)* ef) (Grote ,lbrdy+z) = (atGte) , b+d+p) = (a,b) * (Cre) dp) = @)*(G4*e,4)) Ve (@H caren = (a) Yea)" @p) Y (ab) (6,4), (ef) FEA ot Hin qasoclative © 1pennity + det FA (es ,€3) EA such -that (4, bo* (4, 2) = (64,62) * (ab) = (A5b) ¥ BEA 9 (ates, b+ex) = (eyta ,e,+b) =¢a,b) > ateyaa > bte,=b = 4 =0 > =o ? (41,62) = (00) ¢ A=NXN we No Uderstity element exisds. (2s)Bushey * in defined on 2° depuied 4 Atb= a? Delamue whet * i Commubabve ov auociative . Sf" © *is teats an a ezm¥ abegt @Q comyvrarive * is mot commutative ar for 2/3 € zt 5 ae B= oF =g 3*Q =3t=q => 3 $32 eu mot commutative . @ Associative No, * ib not associative as for 21,2 € 27 (249 3 = 24g b=. oe (1*3) = ae d= 2% Ho aso 48 = ak (1K3) (2K 1)*3 o's ® in mot associative, ey