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I. Preliminary Readings
a. Fundamental Law as Overriding Standard of Validity
o Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137
b. Supremacy of the Constitution
o Angara v. Electoral Commission, 53 Phil 139
a. Interpretation
o Nitafan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284 (1987)
o J.M. Tuason & Co., Inc. v. Land Tenure Administration, 31 SCRA
413 (1970)
b. Adoption and Amendment
i. Proposals
1. By Congress as Constituent Assembly
o Gonzales v. Comelec, 21 SCRA 774 (1967)
2. By Constitutional Convention
3. By Peoples Initiative
o Lambino v. Comelec, 505 SCRA 160 (2006)
4. By the President during Emergency
o Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 33
ii. Submission of Proposed Amendments
o Planas v. Comelec, 49 SCRA 105 (1973)
iii. Ratification
o Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 30
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a. Sovereignty
o The Province of North Cotabato vs. Government of the Republic
of the Philippines Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain, G.R. No.
183591, October 14, 2008.
b. Territory
Reacquisition of Citizenship
o Co v. HRET, 199 SCRA 692 (1989)
o Bengzon v. HRET, 257 SCRA 545
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ii. Suffrage
Article V, Sections 1-2
1987 Constitution Article V Art. XVII, Sec. 2, 3, 4
Art. VI, Sec 32,
Art. III, Sec. 16
R. A. No. 6735
R.A. No. 9189
d. Government
v. Parens Patriae
o Soriano v. Laguardia G.R. No. 164785, April 29, 2009
vi. State Immunity from Suit
1. Basis
o Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424 (1987)
o Meritt v. Government of the Philippine Islands, 34
Phil 311 (1916)
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o Philippine Agila Satellite v. Lichauco, G.R. No. 134887,
July 27, 2006
o Minucher v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 142396,
February 11, 2003
o GTZ v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 152318, April 16,
2009
o Vigilar v. Aquino, G.R. No. 180388, January 18, 2011
o Arigo v. Swift, 735 SCRA 102 (2014)
2. Waiver of Immunity
o China National Machinery vs. Sta Maria,
G.R.No.185572, February 7, 2012
3. Forms of consent
4. Suit against government agencies
o NHMFC vs. Abayari, G.R. No. 166508, October 2, 2009
o Republic vs. Domingo, G.R. No. 175299, September 14,
2011
6. Money Claims
o Ministerio v. Court of First Instance, 40 SCRA 464
(1971)
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4. Rule of the Majority
5. Rule of Law
o Petitioner Organizations v. Executive Secretary, GR
Nos. 147036-37, April 10, 2012
ii. Adherence to International Law
1. Renunciation of War
2. Adoption of International Law
3. Adherence to policy of peace, freedom, amity
o Bayan Muna v. Romulo, GR No. 159618, February 1,
2011
o Pharmaceutical and Healthcare v. Health Secretary,
GR No. 173034, October 9, 2007
o Espina v. Zamora, 606 SCRA 598 (2009)
c. Policies
i. Independent foreign policy and a nuclear-free Philippines
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o Hacienda Luisita v. Luisita Industrial Park, GR
No. 171101, July 5, 2011
2. Natural Resources
o La Bugal blaan v. Ramos, GR No. 127882, December
2004
3. Private Lands
o Ramirez v. Vda de Ramirez, 111 SCRA 704
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a. Organization and regulation of private corporations
b. Operation of Public Utilites
o Gamboa v. Teves, GR No. 176579, June 28, 2011;
Resolution dated October 9, 2012
c. On mass media and advertising industry
d. Practice of Professions
e. State operation of private enterprises
o Agan v. PIATCO, GR No. 155001, May 5, 2003
f. Monopolies, combinations and unfair competition
o PPA v. Mendoza, 138 SCRA 632
V. Separation of Powers
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o Angara v. Electoral Commission, supra
o Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch (5 US) 137, 2 L.ED. 60 (1803)
2. Mootness
o Atlas Fertilizer v. Secretary of Education, 97 Phil 806
(1955)
o Lacson v. Perez, 357 SCRA 756 (2001)
o Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary, GR No. 159085 (2004)
1. Citizen Standing
o Tanada v. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
o Chavez v. PEA and Amari, GR no. 133250 (2002)
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2. Associational Standing
o IBP v. Zamora, 338 SCRA 81 (2000)
3. Taxpayers Standing
4. Voters Standing
5. Legislative Standing
o Ople v. Torres, 293 SCRA 141 (1998)
6. Governmental Standing:
o People v. Vera, 65 Phil 56 (1937)
a. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
i. Power, Composition, Qualification and Term of Office
1. Senate
2. House of Representatives
b. Qualfications
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o Pundadoya v. Comelec, GR No. 179313 (2009)
o Limbona v. Comelec, GR No. 186006 (2009)
o Mitra v. Comelec, GR No. 191938 (2010)
c. Reapportionment
o Bagabuyo v. Comelec, GR No. 176970 (2008)
o Aquino v. Comelec, GR No. 189793 (2010)
o Mariano v. Comelec, 240 Scra 211 (1995)
o Aquino v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 400 (1995)
d. Party-List Representatives
o Atong Paglaum v. Comelec, GR No. 203766
(2013)
o Veterans Federation Party v. Comelc, 342 SCRA
244 (2000)
o Bagong Bayani v. Comelec, GR no. 147589
(2001)
o BANAT v.Comelec, GR No. 179271 (April 21,
2009); Resolution, July 8, 2009
o Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. Comelec, GR No.
190582 (2010)
ii. Election
1. Regular election
2. Special election
o Tolentino v. Comelec, 420 SCRA 438 (2004)
2. Quorum
o Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil 17 (1949)
3. Rules of Proceedings
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o Pacete v.Commission on Appointments, 40 SCRA 58
(1971)
o Arroyo v. De Venecia, GR No. 127255 (1997)
o Garcillano v. House of Representatives Committee, 575
SCRA 170
4. Discipline of Members
o Alejandrino v. Quezon 46 Phil 83 (1924)
o Osmena v. Pendatun, 109 Phil 863 (1960)
o De Venecia v. Sandiganbayan, GR No. 130240 (2002)
o Pimentel v. Senate Committee of the Whole, GR No.
187714 (2011)
e. Congressional Record
6. Session
a. Regular Sessions
b. Special Sessions
c. Joint Sessions
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1. Salaries
o PHILCONSA v. MAthay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)
o Ligot v. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)
o Amores v. HRET, GR No. 189600 (2010)
4. Disqualifications
o Adaza v. Pacana, 135 SCRA 431 (1985)
o Puyat v, De Guzman, 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
o Liban v. Gordon, GR No. 175332 (July 15, 2009) and
January 18, 2011
5. Duty to Disclose
Article VI, Sec. 12 and 20
v. Powers of Congress
1. General Plenary Powers
o Tan v. Comelec, 142 SCRA 727 (1986)
o Torralba v. Sibagat, 147 SCRA 390 (1987)
b. Procedural limitations
Art. VI, Sec. 26-27
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i. Criterion of valid delegation
o Abakada v. Executive Secretary, 469 SCRA 14
o Sema v. Comelec, GR No. 177597 (2008)
3. Question Hour
4. Legislative Investigation
o Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil 29 (1950)
o Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil 358 (1955)
o Bengzon v. Sen Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA
767 (1991)
o Senate v. Ermita, GR No. 169777 (2006)
o Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability, GR
No. 180643 (March 2008 and September 2008)
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6. Call a special election for Presidency
Art. VII, Sec. 10
8. Presidential amnesties
Art. VII, Sec. 19
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o Belgica v. Executive Secretary, GR No. 208566,
November 19, 2013
o Araullo v. Aquino, G.R. No. 209517 (2014)
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o Gonzales v. Macaraig, GR No. 87636 (1990)
o Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133 (1992)
d. Effectivity of laws
o Tanada v. Tuvera, GR No. L-63915 (1985 and
1986)
b. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
i. The President
1. Qualification, election, term and oath
o Pormento v. Estrada, GR No. 181988 (2010)
2. Privileges and salary
o Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR No. 152154 (2003)
3. Succession
a. In case of vacancy at the beginning of term
b. In case of vacancy during term
c. In case of temporary disability
o Estrada v. Arroyo, GR No. 146738 (2001)
4. Removal
5. Prohibitions
6. Exceptions to prohibition from holding another office
a. Vice-President as member of the cabinet
b. Sec of Justice as member of Judicial and Bar Council
o Civil Liberties Union v. Exec Sec, 194 SCRA 317
(1991)
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o NEA v. COA, 377 SCRA 233 (2002)
4. Power of appointment
o Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549 (1987)
o Calderon v. Carale, GR No. 91636 (1992)
o Manalo v. Sistoza, GR No. 107369 (1999)
o De Castro v. JBC, GR No. 191002 (2010)
o Matibag v. Benipayo, GR no. 149036 (2002)
o Funa v. Ermita, G.R. No. 184740, February 11, 2010
o Funa v. Commission on Audit, GR No. 192791 (2012)
5. Executive clemency
o Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, GR No. L-1278 (1949)
o Vera v. People, 7 SCRA 152 (1963)
o Monsanto v. Factoran, GR No. 78239 (1989)
o In re Lontok, 43 Phil 293 (1922)
o Torres v. Gonzales, 152 SCRA 273 (1987)
6. Commander-in-Chief
o IBP v. Zamora, GR No. 141284 (2000)
o Sanlakas v. Exec Sec, GR No. 159085 (2004)
o Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183 (1974)
o Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, 150 SCRA 144
(1987)
o Garcia v. Exec Sec, GR No. 198554 (2012)
o Fortun v. Macapagal-Arroyo, GR No. 190293 (2012)
7. Emergency Powers
o David v. Arroyo, GR No. 171390 (2006)
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9. Foreign affairs
o Nicolas v.Romulo, GR No. 175888 (2009)
o Peoples Movement for Press Freedom v. Manglapus
(April 13, 1988)
o Comm of Customs v. Eastern Sea Trading, 3 SCRA 351
(1961)
o Go Tek v. Deportation Board, 79 SCRA 17 (1977)
10. Legislation
a. Address Congress
b. Preparation and submission of the budget
c. Veto-Power
d. Emergency Powers
11. Immunity from Suit
o Beltran v. Macasiar, GR No. 82585 (1988)
o Gloria v. Court of Appeals, GR No. 119903 (2000)
iii. Vice President
1. Qualifications, election, term and oath
2. Privileges and salary
3. Prohibitions
4. Succession
c. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
i. Judicial Power
ii. The Supreme Court
1. Composition
Art. VIII, Sec. 4
2. Mode of Sitting
o People v. Gacott, GR No. 116049 (2009)
3. Appointment and qualifications
o Kilosbayan v. Ermita, GR No. 177721 (2007)
4. No non-judicial work for judges
o Garcia v. Macaraig, 30 SCRA 106 (1971)
5. Salary
o Nitafan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 152
SCRA 284 (1987)
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6. Tenure
Art. VIII, Sec 2 and 11
7. Removal
o In re Gonzales, 160 SCRA 771 (1988)
8. Fiscal Autonomy
9. Jurisdiction
o Santiago v.Bautista, 32 SCRA 188 (1970)
o Felipe v. Leuterio, 91 Phil 482 (1952)
10. Deliberations
o Consing v. Court o f Appeals, 177 SCRA 14 (1989)
o In re Production of Court Records and Documents
and the Attendance of Court Officials under
subpoenas of Feb 10, 2012 and the various letters for
the Impeachment Prosecution Panel dated January 19
and 15, 2012 and Feb 14, 2012
11. Voting
o Cruz v. DENR, GR No. 135385 (2000)
13. Periods for deciding cases; Art. VIII, Sec. 15; Art. VII, Sec. 18;
Art. XVIII, Sec. 12-14
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c. Temporarily assign judges to other stations in public
interest
d. Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid
miscarriage of justice
o People v. Pilotin, 65 SCRA 635 (1975)
o People v. Sola, 103 SCRA 393 (1981)
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VII. The Constitutional Commissions
a. Civil Service Commission
i. Scope of the Civil Service
Art IX-B, Sec 2; Art XII, Sec.. 16
1. Terms and conditions of employment in the Civil Service
a. Merit System
i. Appointment of lameducks
ii. Ban on partisan political activities
Art IX-B, Sec 2
iii. Standardization of pay and ban on double
Art IX-B, Sec 5 & 8
iv. Removal or suspension only for cause
Art IX-B, Sec. 2
v. Right of self-organization
Art. IX-B, Sec. 2
vi. Right to strike
b. Commission on Elections
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9. Decide election contests
c. Commission on Audit
i. Composition and qualifications Art. IX-D, Sec.1
ii. Appointment and term of office Art. IX-D, Sec. 1
iii. Powers and functions Art. IX-D, Sec.2
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