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9 dB
c. 45.9 dB
1. Which part of the sinewave expression cannot be varied in d. 51.9 dB
accordance with the low-frequency intelligence to create a
modulated signal? 8 Why does a 5-kHz square wave require a greater bandwidth
than a 2-kHz sinewave?
a. Phase
b. Frequency a. The square wave has a larger frequency than the sinewave.
c. Time
d. Amplitude b. The square wave has an infinite number of harmonics,
whereas the sinewave has only one.
2. Communication systems are most often categorized by what c. The square wave is much easier to cover by noise.
characteristic? d. The square wave must also include an offset (dc) voltage,
whereas the sinewave does not.
a. Modulation frequency
b. Carrier frequency 9 The relationship between information and bandwidth is called
c. Transmission distance
d. Information transmitted
a. Information theory
3 Voltage gain in decibels is b. Fourier analysis
c. FFT
d. Hartley's law
a. 10 ln
10 Aliasing can be defined as errors occurring when
d. 20 log 11 Which of the following does not hold true for a parallel
resonant circuit?
4 Which expression indicates a measurement using a 1-W
reference a. At the resonant frequency the impedance of the circuit is a
minimum.
a. dBm(1) b. If Q>10, the resonant frequency is the same as it would be if
b. dB1 it were a series.
c. dBW c. It is commonly referred to as a tank circuit.
d. dB(W) d. At the resonant frequency, the circuit draws minimum
current from the constant-voltage source.
5 An amplifier operating over a 2-Mhz bandwidth has a 75 input
resistance. If it is operating at 22 C and 12 The oscillator design that uses a third capacitor in the tank
has a voltage gain of 300, the noise produced at the output of circuit for swamping out the effect of the
this amplifier would be approximately transistor's internal capacitances is the
a. Hartley design
a.
b. Clapp design
b. c. Colpitts design
c. d. Crystal design
8. Low-level modulation is
Chapter 2. Amplitude Modulation: Transmission
a. The most economic approach for low-power transmitters.
1. In a modulated system, the low-frequency intelligence signal is b. Characterized by the use of "linear" power amplifiers to
not called the amplify the AM signal.
c. Characterized by having the carrier and the intelligence
a. Modulating signal signals mix at low power levels
b. Information signal d. All the above.
c. Modulating wave
d. Carrier 9. The main advantage of a high-level modulation system
compared to a low-level system is that it
2. A 7.0-Mhz carrier is modulated by a voice signal that has three
frequency components of 100 Hz, a. Allows more efficient amplification.
200 Hz, and 300 Hz. What three frequencies comprise the b. Allows use of low-powered intelligence signal.
lower sideband? c. Provides higher modulation percentage.
d. Is more economical.
a. 6.9997 Mhz, 6.9998 Mhz, and 6.9999 Mhz
b. 100 Hz, 200 Hz, and 300 Hz 10. What is the purpose of a buffer amplifier stage in a
c. 6.9999 Mhz, 7.0000 Mhz, and 7.0001 Mhz transmitter?
d. 7.0001 Mhz, 7.0002 Mhz, and 7.0003 Mhz
a. It prevents transmitters from producing spurious
3. The total output power of an AM transmitter is measured to be frequencies in the output signals.
850 W. What is the total output sideband b. It provides power amplification with high efficiency.
power if it has a percent modulation of 100%? c. Its high input impedance prevents oscillators from drifting off
frequency.
a. 425 W d. It amplifies audio frequencies before modulation occurs.
b. 850 W
c. 283.3 W 11. The purpose of an antenna coupler is to
d. 141.65 W
a. Match the output impedance of the transmitter with the
4. A 100-kHz carrier is modulated by a 20-Hz 2kHz signal. The antenna's impedance to provide maximum
upper sideband is power transfer.
b. Allow the transmitter to be connected to several antennas
a. 102 kHz at the same time.
b. 100.02 kHz to 102 kHz c. Filter out the carrier frequency from the transmitter's AM
c. 101 kHz output signal.
d. 100.002 kHz to 102 kHz d. Cause the transmitter to operate at more than one carrier
frequency at the same time.
5. One full revolution of a phasor generates which percentage of
a full sinewave? 12. The main reason for using a dummy antenna is to
2. The sensitivity of a receiver has to do with its ability to a. The speaker output level would drastically change while
tuning from a weak signal to a strong signal.
a. Withstand shock b. Local stations would easily produce distorted signals in the
b. Receive one station versus another speaker.
c. Receive weak stations c. There would be a constant need to readjust the volume
d. All the above control as the weather and ionosphere change.
d. All the above
3. When the input to an ideal nonlinear device is an AM
waveform consisting of a carrier and its 10. The only roadblock to having a complete receiver
sidebands, the output of nonlinear mixing produces the manufactured on an integrated circuit is
original intelligence because
a. Tuned circuits and volume controls
a. The intelligence signal is one of its inputs. b. Cost
b. A dc component is also produced. c. Phase-locked loops
c. The difference between the carrier and its sidebands is the d. Ceramic filters
original intelligence frequency.
d. The intelligence frequencies are the upper and the lower 11. The decibel difference between the largest tolerable receiver
sideband frequencies. input signal and its sensitivity is called
4. An AM signal having a carrier frequency of 940 kHz is to be a. The decibel power gain of the receiver
mixed with a local oscillator output signal in b. Automatic gain control (AGC)
order to produce an intermediate frequency of 455 kHz. At c. The dynamic range of the receiver
what should the L.O. frequency be set? d. The IF amplifier gain
5 The amount an FM carrier frequency deviates for a given a. Center frequency of 2.04 Mhz and deviation of 4.96 kHz
b. Center frequency of 146.88 Mhz and deviation of 4.96 kHz amplifier stages.
c. Center frequency of 2.04 Mhz and deviation of 69 Hz d. FM receivers need RF amplifier stages to be able to
decode stereo signals.
d. Center frequency of 146.88 Mhz and deviation of 69 Hz
3 A certain FM receiver provides a voltage gain of 113
12 The circuitry used to increase the operating frequency of a dB prior to its limiter. The limiter's quieting voltage is
transmitter up to a specified value is called the 400 mV. Its sensitivity is approximately
a. Multiplier a.
b. Expander b.
c. Pump chain c.
d. All the above d.
a. Are used to multiply the frequency of the carrier signal of a. Receiver's wiring
an FM signal b. IF transformer
c. Antenna
b. Consist of a class C amplifier followed by a tank circuit that
d. All the above
filters out a single harmonic
c. Are used to multiply the frequency deviation of an FM 7 Which is not one of the three stages in which a PLL
signal can be operated?
d. All the above
a. Free-running
b. Capture
Chapter 6: Frequency Modulation Reception c. Locked/tracking
d. Searching
1 A difference between AM and FM receiver block
diagrams is that the FM version includes a 8 A PLL is set up so that its VCO free-runs at 8.9 Mhz.
The VCO does not change frequency unless its input
a. Limiter is within 75 kHz of 8.9 Mhz. After it does lock, the
b. Discriminator input frequency can be adjusted within 120 kHz of
c. Deemphasis network 8.9 Mhz without having the PLL start to free-run again.
d. All the above The capture range of the PLL is
a. 4 W
a. S meter
b. 79 nW
c. 1.26 W b. Signal meter
d. 2.25 mW c. Strength meter
d. All the above
12 The hold-in range for a PLL concerns the
a. Range of frequencies in which it will remain locked 4 An AM broadcast receiver has two identical tuned circuits
b. Allowable range of dc voltage with a Q of 50 prior to the IF stage. The IF frequency is 460
c. Allowable range of ac input voltage kHz and the receiver is tuned to a station on 550 kHz. The
d. Satisfactory range of operating temperatures image-frequency rejection is
a. 41 dB
13 The input signal into a PLL is at the
b. 36.2 dB
a. VCO c. 72.4 dB
b. Low-pass filter d. 82 dB
c. Comparator
d. Phase detector
5 An AGC that causes a step reduction in receiver gain at some
14 The square-law relationship of the FETs input versus arbitrarily high value of received signal in order to prevent
output overloading the receiver is known as
15 A transceiver is
a. 94 dB
b. 82.2 dB
a. A transmitter that can be tuned to several bands of
c. 79.2 dB frequencies
d. 81 dB b. A transmitter that transmits digital data
c. A receiver that receives digital data
9 Two-modulus dividers are used in the synthesis of d. A transmitter and receiver in a single package
frequencies into the VHF band due to
a. Its ability to work at practical power consumptions Chapter 8 Digital Communication : Coding Technique
b. Its ability to work at practical speeds
c. The insufficient speed and power of the basic 1 The advantage(s) of digital and/or data communications over
programmable divider designs analog include
d. All the above
a. Noise performance
10 The disadvantage of direct digital synthesizers (DDS) over b. Regeneration
analog frequency synthesizers is c. Digital signal processing
d. All the above
a. Its complexity and cost
b. Its limited maximum output frequency 2 In a S/H circuit, the time that it must hold the sampled voltage
c. Its higher phase noise is
d. All the above
a. Aperture time
11 The G.E. Phoenix radio is an example of b. Acquisition time
c. Flat-top time
a. An HF amateur transceiver using AM and SSB modulation d. Dmin
modes
b. A VHF commercial transceiver using the FM modulation 3 Error signals associated with the sampling process are called
mode and a channel guard function
c. A military transceiver using all modes on HF frequencies a. Foldover distortion
d. A cellular telephone transceiver b. Aliasing
c. Nyquist rate
12 The type of radio transmission that uses pseudorandomly d. a and b
switched frequency or time transmissions is known as
4 Which of the following is not a common RZ code?
a. Synthesizing
b. Facsimile a. RZ-unipolar
c. Spread spectrum b. RZ-bipolar
d. Compression c. RZ-M
d. RZ-AMI
13 The acronym CDMA refers to ________.
5 In an asynchronous data system
a. Carrier-division multiple-access systems
b. Capture-division multiple-access systems a. Both sender and receiver are exactly synchronized to the
c. Code-division multiple-access systems same clock frequency.
d. Channel-division multiple-access systems b. Each computer word is preceded by a start bit and followed
by a stop bit to frame the word.
14 A typical problem encountered when troubleshooting a c. The receiver derives its clock signal from the received data
frequency synthesizer is stream.
d. All the above.
a. Quantile interval
6 A CD audio laser-disk system has a frequency bandwidth of b. Codec
20 Hz to 20 kHz. The minimum sample rate to satisfy the c. BCC
Nyquist criteria is
d. Syndrome
a. 20 Hz
13 Which of the following is not an example of code error
b. 20 kHz
detection and correction in a data communication channel?
c. 40 Hz
d. 40 kHz a. Parity
b. Frequency-shift keying
7 With respect to converter circuits c. Block-check character
d. Hamming code
a. DACs include an ADC
b. ADCs include a DAC
14 Error-correcting techniques that allow for correction at the
c. DACs and ADCs are virtually identical receiver are called
d. All the above.
a. Cyclic redundancy checks (CRC)
8 The type of modulation that uses sampling on one of the b. Block-check characters (BCC)
parameters of the transmitted and received signal is known c. Forward error correcting (FEC)
as
d. Parity
a. Phase modulation
15 Codes producing random data that closely resemble digital
b. Pulse modulation
noise are
c. Amplitude modulation
d. Frequency modulation a. Systematic codes
b. PN codes
9 An alphanumeric code for representing the decimal values c. Pseudonoise codes
from 0 to 9 that is based on the relationship that only one bit
d. b and c
in a binary word changes for each binary step is known as
12 The value left in the CRC dividing circuit after all data have
a. Delta modulation
been shifted in is the
b. Pulse-coded modulation (PCM)
c. Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) c. Radio facsimile
d. Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) d. Radio telemetry
4 FSK systems are much superior to two-tone amplitude- 11 The bit error rate is
modulation systems with respect to
a. The number of bit errors that occur for a given number of
a. Noise performance bits transmitted
b. Bandwidth requirements of the channel b. The most common method of referring to the quality of a
c. Ionospheric fading characteristics digital communication system
d. Power consumption c. Virtually the same as the error probability
d. All the above
5 Which is not a type of pulse modulation?
12 The major difficulty faced by delta modulators is
a. Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM)
b. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) a. Excessive noise producing errors
c. Pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) b. Slope overload
d. Pulse-position modulation (PPM) c. Insufficient frequency response of the intelligence signal
d. Complexity of design
6 PPM and PWM are superior to PAM systems in
13 The capacity of a telephone channel that has an S/N of 2047
a. Noise characteristics if its bandwidth is 3.5 kHz is
b. Bandwidth characteristics
a. 30,000 bits per second
c. Simplicity in design
b. 33,000 bits per second
d. Frequency response of the intelligence signal
c. 38,500 bits per second
d. 35,000 bits per second
7 Half-duplex operation involves communication
a. CSU/DSU
Chapter 10 Network Communications
b. TDM
c. CVSD 1 An interconnection of users that allows communication with
d. DPSK one another is known as a
a. Isotropic
9 The characteristic impedance of free space is
b. Transverse
c. Polarized a. Not known
d. Refractive b. Infinite
c. 50
3 Which is not an effect of our environment on wave
d. 377
propagation?
a. Radiation 10 The area between the point where the ground wave ends and
first sky wave returns is called the
b. Reflection
c. Refraction
a. Quiet zone
d. Diffraction
b. Skip zone
c. Null Zone
4 A point in space that radiates electromagnetic energy equally
d. All the above
in all directions is called
e. a and b
a. Transverse
11 The refraction and reflection action of a skywave between the d. Phased array
ionosphere and ground is known as
3 An antenna that is a quarter-wavelength long connected such
a. Space diversity that the ground acts as a reflecting quarter-wavelength
b. Skip section is called a
c. Tropospheric scattering
d. Fading a. Hertz antenna
b. Dipole antenna
12 A satellite communication system used by companies such c. Marconi antenna
as K-Mart to quickly verify credit cards and check inventory d. All the above
data is called
4 The angular separation between the half-power points on an
a. VSAT antenna's radiation pattern is the
b. MSAT
c. SATCOM a. Bandwidth
d. WESTAR b. Front-to-back ratio
c. Lobe distribution
13 A common type of radio wave interference is d. Beamwidth
a. Volume
b. Inductance Chapter 15 Microwaves & Lasers
c. Capacitance
d. All the above 1 Which is not a type of horn antenna design for microwave
frequencies?
11 The process of employing radio waves to detect and locate a. Dipole antenna
physical objects is known as
b. Point-source antenna
a. The Doppler effect c. Secondary reflector
b. Radar d. Any of the above
c. Directional coupling
d. Cavity tuning 3 Calculate the beamwidth of a microwave dish antenna with a
6-m mouth diameter when used at 5 Ghz.
a. 50 micron
b. 62.5 micron 11 Fiber optic connections suffer high loss due to
c. 50 and 62.5 micron
d. 125 micron a. Air gaps
b. Rough surfaces
5 The abrupt change in refractive index from core to cladding of c. Axial misalignment
fiber-optic cable is called the d. Angular misalignment
e. All the above
a. Total internal reflection
b. Numerical aperture
12 Fiber optic technology is used in applications of
c. Dispersion
d. Step index a. Local area networks (LANs)
b. Cable TV (CATV) systems
c. Telephone networks
6 A technique that is used to minimize the pulse dispersion
d. All the above
effect is to
a. Use a higher frequency light source 13 The dispersion of light in fiber-optic cable caused by a portion
of the light energy traveling in the cladding is called
b. Use plastic cladding
c. Minimize the core diameter
a. Modal dispersion
d. All the above
b. Material dispersion
c. Waveguide dispersion
7 The loss (attenuation) of signal in optical fiber is due to
d. Cable dispersion
a. Scattering
14 Recent laser developments for fiber optic communication
b. Absorption
include
c. Macrobending
d. Microbending a. Distributed feedback (DFB)
e. All the above b. Heterojunction
c. Vertical cavity surface emitting (VCSEL)
8 Calculate the optical power 100 km from a 0.5 mW source on d. a and b above
a single mode fiber that has 0.10 dB per km loss.
e. a and c above
15 The following consideration is important when deciding
between using a diode laser or an LED
a. Response time
b. Power levels
c. Temperature sensitivity
d. Failure characteristics
e. All the above
ANSWER KEY
CHAPTER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1 C D C C E D B D D C A C B C A A E
2 B A C D B A C A D A B B B B C A A
3 D C C D B C A D C A A A C A D C E
4 C B B A B A D C C D C B D B B A C
5 D C D B C C B B C D B D C C A B D
6 C D C D B C D D A B E B B C A C C
7 C C A B B D B B B B D C D D D D E
8 B D C A B C C B A A B A A A B C D
9 D A D D A A D D D D A D A D D B C
10 A C A B A B D A D C A E B A A B D
11 A A C C B C B A D E C B A B E C E
12 B D D B C A C D B B B A D C C A D
13 C D D A B D C B C C C D C B E D C
14 C D D D C D D C C E B B C E B D E
15 E B A C D D D D A A E C C D B D A