1) Solve the 3D quantum box problem

The equation to solve the 3D quantum box problem is a time-independent Schrodinger equation,

as, (2 2 + ()) () = (). Define V(r) = 0, as no potential energy. Assume the
shape of the box is cubical & the boundary conditions are defined ( = 0, , ) = 0;
(, = 0, ) = 0; (, , = 0) (, , = ) = 0; (, , = ) = 0;
2 2 () 2 () 2 ()
(, , = ) = 0 & outside is 0. This leads to ( + + ) = ();
2 2 2 2
Assume ( = , , ) = () () () to solve the equation, which leads to
2 2 () 2 () 2 ()
(() () + () () + () () ) = () () ();
2 2 2 2
1 2 () 1 2 () 1 2 () 2
This can be simplified to (() + () + () )= . We can make the
2 2 2 2
constant E (energy) equal as = + + . So, the equation shall now look like
1 2 () 1 2 () 1 2 () 2( + + )
(() + () + () )= ; These equations separated as
2 2 2 2
1 2 () 2 1 2 () 2 1 2 () 2
+ + () + + () + = 0, then becomes
() 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 () 2 () 2 2

2
+ 2 =0 + 2 () = 0;
() 2
1 2 () 2 2 () 2
+ 2 =0 + 2 () = 0;
() 2 2
1 2 () 2 2 () 2
+ 2 =0 + 2 () = 0;
() 2 2

The solutions become as following

2 2
() = 1 sin ( 2 ) + 2 cos ( 2 ) ; ( = 0) = ( = ) = 0

2
() = 1 sin ( 2 ) ;

2 2
() = 3 sin ( 2
) + 4 cos ( 2 ) ; ( = 0) = ( = ) = 0;

2
() = 3 sin ( ) ;
2

2 2
() = 5 sin ( 2
) + 6 cos ( 2 ) ; ( = 0) = ( = ) = 0;

 2
() = 5 sin ( 2 )

2 2 2
We need to make = 1 ; = 2 ; = 3 , which leads to
2 2 2

2 2 12 2 2 22 2 2 32 2 1 2 2 2 3
= ; = ; = & = ; = ; = ; which
22 22 22 2 2 2
2 2
leads to = + + = 22 (12 + 22 + 32 ).

1 2 3
The final solution is (, , ) = 1 3 5 sin ( ) sin ( ) sin ( ) ; The last part is to

2 ()|
find 1 , 3 , 5 , but the probability wave function is | = 1 & make

1 3 5 = 7 , due to being a cubical box, which leads to

1 2 3 2 3/2
72 sin2 ( ) sin2 ( ) sin2 ( ) = 1 7 = ( )

0 0
0

2 3/2 1 2 3
The final answer is (, , ) = () sin ( ) sin ( ) sin ( )

2) Derive the density of the 3d quantum box

,
The density formula is defined as () = ; = (
) (21 );In this case m = 3 &
( )

3
4 2
( )()( 2 ) (213 )
4 2 3
Vk,space = (3) ()( 3 ), with = 2 , therefore = 3
. Find the derivative,
( )

3
(2)(3 )( 2 )()

which leads to the final result of the 3-d density, = () = 2 3

3) Whats the eV for T = 300K? Estimate number of electronics in the range, assuming

= 1 & 3.5
3 3
The formula is given as E = 2 ; E(300 K) = 2 300 8.6173303 105 = 0.025852 .
300
For 1eV its 8.6173303 105 300 = 0.025852 & 3.5eV its 8.6173303 105 3.5
=
0.007386283
4) Draw the combined diagram of energy band and Fermi Dirac distribution
Energy band diagram for Silicon

1
The Fermi Dirac distribution formula is given as () =
exp( )+1