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bio (“life”) + logos (“study”)

Chapter 01:
Anatomy ____________
______________ Microbiology
The Science of
______________ Mycology
Biology
Botany _____________
(with parts of Chapters 20,
21 & 26) Cell Biology _____________
Ecology Physiology
Entomology Phycology
_____________ Zoology
_____________ Genetics
M. Bahrami M. Bahrami
UST Biology UST Biology
AY 2013-14 Evolutionary Biology Pathology AY 2013-14

(1)Cellular organization 2) Homeostatsis (3) Growth & development (4) Energy utilization
& ordered complexity

(5) Sensitivity (6) Reproduction (7) Evolutionary adaptation

& Heredity

M. Bahrami ,
UST Biology
AY 2013-14

CELLULAR LEVEL ORGANISMAL LEVEL

Atoms Molecule Macromolecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

H
N

H
N
C

O
, ,
0.2 µm 6
100 µm

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POPULATIONAL LEVEL
CELLULAR LEVEL
Population Species Community Ecosystem Biosphere
Atoms Molecule Macromolecule Organelle Cell

H
N

H
N
C

O
, ,
0.2 µm

, ,

, ,

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-- Sexual VS Asexual

-- Balance between ______and _________

Omne vivum ex ovo," (_________________.)

- Franceso Redi

, ,

, ,

, ,

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Unequal reproductive success due to:

1) Overproduction and competition (Thomas

Malthus)

2) Individual variation

, ,

, ,

, ,

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1) Population with varied inherited traits

2) Elimination of individuals with certain traits

, ,
3) Reproduction of survivors

“DOMESTICATION”

Peter and Rosemary Grant:

Dry years (less small seeds) – ____________
Wet years (more small seeds available) – ________________ , ,

Evolution- record of descent with modification

Natural selection- MECHANISM of evolution. others are:

Multidrug resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, ,

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- Earth is 4.5 BYA

Pakicetus (terrestrial)

Rhodocetus (predominantly aquatic)

Pelvis and Dorudon (fully aquatic)

hind limb

Pelvis and
Is there a conflict?? , hind limb ,
Balaena (recent whale ancestor)

– The geographic distribution of species, suggested to Darwin that

organisms evolve from common ancestors.

The rest of the

Philippines are
Palawan is a continental island oceanic islands

, ,

Humerus

Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

, ,

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Pharyngeal
pouches

Post-anal
tail

Chick embryo Human embryo

, ,

, ,

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of Amino Acid Differences in a Hemoglobin Polypeptide

, ,
42
• Compare genomes or proteins of different organisms

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, ,

, ,

Observed evolution almost a century before Darwin.

Lamarckism- _______________________________________________________
, ,

Natural selection- ____________________________________________________

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Observation

Question

Hypothesis 1
Potential Hypothesis 2 Reject
hypotheses Hypothesis 3 Experiment hypotheses A factor in the experiment that ________________
Hypothesis 4 1 and 4
Hypothesis 5

Remaining Hypothesis 2 Reject

possible Hypothesis 3 Experiment hypotheses
hypotheses Hypothesis 5 2 and 3

Last remaining A factor in the experiment that is _______________

possible Hypothesis 5
hypothesis Modify hypothesis

Predictions

Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Experiment 4 A process where a scientist conducts parallel tests-
_____________________________________
Predictions , ,
confirmed

General principles to predict specific results Hypothesis- a tentative explanation for an observed
phenomenon

Theory- a hypothesis with a broader scope that has withstood

the test of time. _____________________________

Specific results to predict general principles

, ,

•Evolution • All organisms composed of cells

• ________are life’s basic units
•The _________________________ • All cells come from ______________

• Molecular basis for inheritance (_______)

•Diversity of Life

•Relationship between _______and ________

• Life is in a ______________ state , ,

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Nucleus
DNA

Nucleotide

“naked” DNA
A- adenine
C- cytosine
G- guanine
T- Thymine

Pairing:
A-T
C-G

, ,
(b) Single strand of DNA
DNA in nucleus (a) DNA double helix

Domain Eukarya
Domain Bacteria

Bacteria (multiple kingdoms)

Protists (multiple kingdoms) Kingdom Plantae

Domain Archaea

Archaea (multiple kingdoms)

, Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia

,

Key
Dermal tissue system
Ground tissue system
Vascular tissue system

Eudicot leaf Cuticle

Upper epidermis
Xylem
Vein
Phloem

Mesophyll

Guard
cells
Lower epidermis
Stoma
Sheath

, ,

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Ecosystem Sunlight

- Biology and its fields

Producers - Properties of life

Cycling
(such as plants)
Heat
- Cellular organization/complexity
of - _____________________
chemical
nutrients - Growth & Development
Chemical energy - Energy utilization
- Sensitivity
- _____________________
- _____________________
Consumers
(such as animals)
Heat Evidence for evolution
Fossil record
_____________________
Decomposers Comparative anatomy
(in soil) , Comparative embryology (vestigial structures) ,
_____________________

- Lamarckism & Darwinism

- Scientific method

- Unifying themes in biology

- Evolution
- _____________________
- DNA
- Diversity of Life (__ kingdoms + __ domains)
- Relationship of structure and function
- Life is NOT in an equilibrium state

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