GROUP COMMON NAME + Habit Roots Stem Leaves Male Reproductive system Female Seeds/embryo others

species (and if dioecious or not) Reproductive

System
Archeopteris Archeopteris tree fernlike Sporangia sporangia seedless heterosporou
s
Pteridosperms Seed ferns fernlike Huge pollen grainjs Has sees paraphyletic
Medullosa
Alethopteris
Neuropteris
Dolerotheca
Pachytesta

Cyadaceae Cycad Trees and -Coralloid -unbranched -large -pollen cones with -not in cones -large
Cycas revoluta perennial -Ageotropic -dichotomous -coriaceous sporophylls -megasporophylls -dicot
Cycas circinalis herbs -Mycorrhizal -aerial trunk -evergreen -dioecious surrounding trunk -one or more
Epicycas sp. -adventitious -pinnate apex marginal seeds
-circinate
Zamiaceae Coontie family Trees, -coralloid -unbranched -pinnate -pollen cones -seed cones which -2 or 3
Bowenia sp. shrubs, -ageotropic -irregularly -bipinnate for -microsporophylls have spiral marginal
Ceratozamia sp. and herbs -branched branched BOWENIA -dioecious megasporophylls ovules and
Chigua sp. -aerial trunk seeds
Dioon sp.
Encephalartos sp.
Lepidozamia sp.
Macrozamia sp.
Stangeria sp.

Gingkoaceae Ginkophytes Woody -mycorhizal Highly branched -obtriangular -dioecious **female trees do -2 layered **wind
Maidenhair Tree tree -short shoots -flabelliform -pollen cones with paired not bear cones seeds: (inner pollinated
Ginko biloba -simple and pendant -peduncle with 2-4 hard; outer
microsporangia erect ovukes fleshy)
-modified cones -dicots
-catkin like
Pinaceae Pine trees ectomycorrhiz **fascicle (short -simple -monoecious -seed cones with 2 -multiple **one copy of
-Larix (larch) al shoots) -spiral -pollen cones that are small ovules cotyledons the oinverted
-Pseudolarix -evergreen solitary and clustered with -bract -2 seeds per repeat of the
-Cedrus (cedars) -linear to 2 microsporangia ovuliferous chloroplast
-Pinus(pine) longacicular -bisaccate pollen scale DNA is
-Abies (FIRS) -WINGED missing in
-Cedrus seeds Pinaceae
-Pseudotsuga
-Hesperopeuce
(hemlock)
-Picea
-Keteleeria
-Nototsuga
-Tsuga (Spruce)
Araucariaceae -Araucaria sp. trees endomycorrhi -evergreen -both mono and dioecious -seed cones that -2-4 cotyledons
(Kauri) zal -broad to -pollen cones with 5-20 are large, globose -seeds
-Wollemia acicular inverted pendant to ovoid separate from
-Agathis -simple Microsporangia -falls when mature ovuliferous
-Tane Mahuta -spiral or -one ovule scale at
-bunya bunya opposite maturity
Cupressaceae Cypress family Trees or -vesicular -lateral -deltoid- -solitary pollen cones -terminal and -winged, erect
Taxodiaceae shrubs -arbuscular dorsiventrally subulate -terminal pollen cones solitary seed cones or inverted
Hesperocyparis flattened branches -linear or -2-10 microsporangia -whorls of 3 or seeds
Calocedrus aricular -both MONO and DIO opposite -2-
(incense cedars) - ovuliferous scales 15cotyledons
-chamaecyparis
(white cedars)
-Cupressus
-Juniperus (juniper)
-Metasequoia
(dawn red wood)
-Sequoiadendron
-Taxodium
-Thuja (Arbor vitae)

Podocarpaceae Podocarp family Trees -scale like, -mostly dioecious -fleshy reduced -reduced to **receptacle
-Dacrydium linear, subulate -terminal pollencones with seed cones one seed **epimatium
(kahikatea) 2 microsporangua -2 cotyledons **carpidium
-Halocarpus (bog -catkin like
pine) -saccate pollen
-Podocarpus
-Phyllocladus
-Parasitaxus

Taxaceae Yew Family Trees or simple -pollencones with peltate -one ovule per -arillate seeds
Cephalotaxus shrubs -evergreen and microsporophylls seed cone -2 cotyledons
Amentotaxus decurrent -2-16 microsporangia -one seed
Austrotaxus -linear and
Pseudotaxus aricular
Torrea (California -spiral to
nutmeg) dessucate
Taxus

Gnetaceae Gnetum vines Simple leaves Looks like

angiosperms
Welwitschiaceae Welwitschia -2 leaves that -arise from apex and -arise from apex
mirabilis arise from caudex and caudex
caudex
Ephedraceae Morman tea family Shrub Photosyntheti Reduced scale Found on axils of leaves Found on axils of -2 cotyledons Double
Vine c striate stems leaves, 2-3 per bears bracts that are leaves with 2-8 -1-2 seeds per fertilization
tree -xeromorphic node dessucate bracts cone (dry (also
-rhizomatous -sessile (lower bracts are sterile) -1-3 ovules (1 in winhed, fleshy applicable to
-2-8apical synangia axil and 2 in upper or coned) other g
-Microsporangiophores in bracts) Gnetales)
bracteoles or perianth -dual layer ovules -MICROPYLAR
(integument and TUBE
outer envelope (2 -CALCIUM
bracteoles)) OXALATE
CRYSTALS
OCCUR