History of Spain during the 19th century

Timeline created by mariofunciona

In History

May 2, 1808

Dos de Mayo Uprising

It was a rebellion by the citizens of Madrid against the French occupation, provoking a
brutal repression by the French troops and starting the Independence War.

Jul 16, 1808

Battle of Bailn

It was the first open conflict between the French Army and the Spanish army, who were
in inferiority. France was defeated and, because of this, Napoleon took it as an insult and
decided to come personally to finish the conflict in Spain.

Mar 19, 1812

Promulgation of the First Constitution

The Spanish Constitution of 1812 was established the Cortes Generales in Cdiz. It
established the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty and
constitutional monarchy between others.
 May 4, 1814

Treaty of Valenay

This treaty returned the throne of Spain to Fernando VII and it forced Spain to kick out
the British troops and to maintain neutral during the war in exchange of their liberation
from France.

Apr 7, 1823

Invasion of the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis

It was an invasion by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII, to restore the absolute
monarchy of Ferdinand VII. Despite of the name, the army was composed by 60,000
soldiers.

Aug 31, 1823

Battle of Trocadero

This battle was a French besiege to the fort of Trocadero, which controlled the acces of
Cdiz. The French troops launched a surprise attack from the seaside and took the fort.

Sep 23, 1823

Surrender of Cdiz

After three weeks of constant bombing and siege, the Spanish forces in Cdiz were
forced to surrender and King Ferdinand was handed over to the French.
 Dec 9, 1824

Battle of Ayacucho

It was a decisive military encounter during the Peruvian War of Independence. In this
battle, where the Spanish army was defeated, Peru won his independence, leaving Cuba
and Puerto Rico as the last colonies under Spanish control.

Dec 23, 1836

Battle of Luchana

It occurred at Bilbao during the night. The Carlists were besieging Bilbao and were
defeated at this battle, causing the retire of the army.

Jan 1, 1837

II Spanish Constitution

It recognised national sovereignty; the Parliament was divided into two Chambers, the
Senate and the Congress.

Aug 29, 1839

The Convention of Vergara

It was a treaty successfully ending the First Carlist War, signed by Rafael Maroto for the
Carlisists and Baldomero Espartero for the Isabelines. This writting acknowledged
Isabella as queen of Spain.
 Jan 1, 1845

III Spanish Constitution

Sovereignity was shared between the crown and the Parliament; suffrage was extremely
limited.

Sep 19, 1868

The Glorious Revolution

An 1866 rebellion led by General Juan Prim took place in Spain in 1868, resulting in the
deposition of Queen Isabella II. Leaders of the revolution eventually recruited an Italian
prince, Amadeus of Savoy, as king.

Jan 18, 1869

IV Spanish Constitution

The was divided: the Cortes had the legislative power, the king had the executive power
and the tribunals had the juridical power.

Dec 29, 1874

Alfonso XII is proclaimed king of Spain

General Martnez Campos proclaimed Alfonso XIII, Isabella's son, king of Spain.
 Jun 30, 1876

V Spanish Constitution

It was elaborated to please both the Moderates and the Progressives, to avoid constant
constitutional change. Sovereignity was shared between the king and the Cortes.

Dec 10, 1898

Treaty of Pars

The teatry puts an end to the war between the United States of America and Spain.
Spain has to give the independence to Cuba, Puerto Rico and Filipinas. This event
marked the end of the Spanish Empire.

Period: May 2, 1808 to Apr 17, 1814

Spanish War of Independence

The Spanish War of Independence, or Peninsular War, was a military conflict between
France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal, caused by the
French occupation in Spain. It began with the 2 de Mayo Uprising and finishedwith the
promulgation of the Constitution.

Period: May 4, 1814 to Jan 1, 1820

Reign of Fernando VII

During this period, Spain was divided between those who supported the absolute
monarchy and those who supported the constitution.

Period: Jan 1, 1820 to Apr 7, 1823

 Liberal rule

Ferdinand was forced to accept the liberal Constitution of 1812, by the revolutionaries.
This was the start of the second bourgeois revolution in Spain.

Period: Apr 7, 1823 to Sep 29, 1833

The Omnious Decade

It was the third and last reign of Fernando VII. Most of the enlightened people emigrates
to London and this decade was marked by the supression of his enemies.

Period: Sep 29, 1833 to Mar 4, 1840

Reign of Maria Cristina

Maria Cristina, Isabella's mother, acted as a Queen Regent during Isabella's childhood.
She introduced the first changes to institute a Liberal system.

Period: Sep 29, 1833 to Dec 31, 1839

I Carlist War

This conflifc originated after the death of Fernando VII, between the followers of Infante
Carlos (Fernando VII's brother) and the followers of Isabel II (Fernando VII's daughter).
The main conflict centered on the Basque Country, Aragon and Catalonia. The victory
was for Isabel II.

Period: Mar 4, 1840 to Sep 29, 1843

Regency of Espartero

Espartero governed until Isabel II turned 13 and is considered an adult, able to govern.

Period: Sep 29, 1843 to Sep 30, 1868

 Reign of Isabel II

Two parties appeared with the new system: the Moderate party, that believed that power
should be shared by the Cortes and the Crown, and the Progressivists, who though that
sovereignty should only be controlled by the Cortes.

Period: Sep 1, 1846 to May 1, 1848

II Carlist War

It was a short civil conflict between the Carlists and the Liberals. the war was fought to
facilitate the marriage of Isabella II with the Carlist pretender, Carlos de Borbn. The
marriage never took place, as Isabella II was wed to Francisco de Borbn.

Period: Jul 1, 1854 to Jul 1, 1856

The Progressive Biennium

During this period, General Espartero was named Head of the State. The most important
objective was to establish the spirit of the 1837 Constitution.

Period: Jul 1, 1856 to Sep 30, 1868

Government of the Unin Liberal

It was a political party in Spain It was founded by Leopoldo O'Donnell in 1858 with the
intent of forging a compromise and taking a centrist position between the two forces that
had hitherto dominated Spanish politics during the reign of Isabella II.

Period: Sep 30, 1868 to Nov 16, 1870

Serrano's Provisional Governemnt

After Isabelle's dethronement, a provisional governemnt ruled by Serrano was

established. His main objective was to promulgate a new constitution.

Period: Nov 16, 1870 to Feb 11, 1873

 Reign of Amadus of Savoy

He was elected by the Cortes as Spain's monarch in 1870, following the deposition of
Isabella II, and sworn in the following year. Amadeo's reign was fraught with growing
republicanism, Carlist rebellions in the north, and the Cuban independence movement.
He abdicated and returned to Italy in 1873, and the First Spanish Republic was declared
as a result.

Period: Apr 21, 1872 to Feb 27, 1876

III Carlist War

It was the last war between the Carlists and the Liberals. During this conflict, Carlist
forces managed to occupy several towns in the interior of Spain. The Carlists were
defeated in the battle of Estella.Government forces, in a final offensive to put an end to
the Carlist uprising under General Primo de Rivera advanced to capture Estella on
February 1876.

Period: Feb 11, 1873 to Jan 29, 1874

I Spanish Republic

The main problems faced during this government were the Third Carlist War and the
revolts in Cuba.

Period: Jan 29, 1874 to May 17, 1902

The Restoration

After almost a whole century of political instability and many civil wars, the aim of the
Restoration was to create a new political system, which ensured stability by the practice
of turnismo. This was the deliberate rotation of the Liberal and Conservative parties in the
government, so no sector of the bourgeoisie felt isolated, and excluded all other parties.
from the system.

Period: Dec 29, 1874 to Nov 25, 1885

 Reign of Alfonso XII

Alfonso XII entrusted the government to the Liberals but especially the Conservatives. He
succeeded in controlling a revolt in Cuba and put end to the Carlist wars.

Period: Nov 25, 1885 to May 17, 1902

Reign of Mara Cristina of Habsburg

Mara Cristina was pregnant wen the king died so she ruled while his son grew up.
During her reign ther was a sistem based in pacific turn changing the power between
Liberalists and Conservatives

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