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ENGINEERING MATHEMATIC 1
CHAPTER 1: FUNCTION
INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTION
What is function?
A function is a rule that for every input assign a specific output
One-to-one relationship
The input, usually x is called the independent variable
The output, usually y is called the dependent variable
Function f
Input x Output y
y f (x)
VERTICAL LINE TEST
Domain
Possible input is called domain
The domain is the set of all possible x-value
Domain={x:restriction, if applicable, xR} y
Range Range
1
g ( x) Domain={x:x0, xR}; Range= {y:y 0, yR}
x
2x
g ( x)
x2
h( x) x 3
f ( x) ln x
EXERCISE
Find the domain and range and sketch the graph of the functions
determined by the given formula
f ( x) 4 x 2
g ( x) 2 x
Find the domain and range for the function
f ( x) 2 x 4 x 2
2
Solution:
f ( x) 2 x 2 4 x 2
Completing the square
2( x 2 x) 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 x 2 x 2
2 2
2( x 1) 2 1 2
2( x 1) 2 1 Minimum point = (-1, 1)
x = number of Km
y = total cost
y=5+3x
5
number of Km, x
For range : y 4 3x The lowest value start from zero and increase
upward to infinity
Range y : y 0, y R
Number in square root must 0
2
f ( x) but denominator cannot be equal
9 x2 to zero (0)
For f ( x) to be defined, 9 x 2 0
+ + -
x2 9 0 + - -
( x 3)( x 3) 0 (+) -3 (-) 3 (+)
Domain x : 3 x 3, x R
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
Two functions can be added, subtracted, multiplied and
divided in natural way to form new function f+g, f-g, fg
and f/g
( f g )( x) f ( x) g ( x)
( f g )( x) f ( x) g ( x)
( fg )( x) f ( x) g ( x)
( f / g )( x) f ( x) / g ( x)
The rules for the domain of functions would
apply to these combinations of functions as
well. The domain of the sum, difference or
product would be the numbers x in the domains
of both f and g.
( f g )( x) 1 x 2 ( x 4) 3 x x 2
( fg )( x) (1 x 2 )( x 4)
Domain {x : x 2, x R}
1 x 2
( f / g )( x)
x4
Domain {x : x 2 and x 4, x R}
COMPOSITE FUNCTION
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
Given function f and g, the composition of f with g,
denoted by f g, is the function defined by:
f g x f g x
THE DOMAIN OF COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
The domain of f g is defined to consist of all x in
the domain of g for which g(x) is in the domain of f
6 x 21x 5
2
( g o h)( x) g h( x)
2h( x) 7h( x)
2 Replace each occurrence of x
in g(x) with h(x)=3x-5
2(3x 5) 7(3x 5)
2
18 x 60 x 50 21x 35
2
18 x 81x 85
2