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1
For a more complete discussion of the last three decades of research in teacher cognition
and learning as it bears on language teaching and teacher education, we refer readers to
Freeman (1996c).
2
Here we echo the findings, in the U.S., of the National Commission on Teaching for
Americas Future (1996); see also Darling-Hammond (1998).
The contexts
The contexts . . ....
Learning
The The
teacher of place:
of place: Schools
teacher
as learner of
as learner process:
Socialization Schooling
Participation
of the
of the activity
activityof of Creating
teaching and and
teaching communities
learninglearning of practice
The Teacher-Learner
CONCLUSION
THE AUTHORS
Donald Freeman is Professor of second language education at the School for
International Training, where he directs the Center for Teacher Education, Train-
ing, and Research, a research and development unit in language teacher education.
His research focuses on teacher learning and change in systemic contexts.
REFERENCES
Allwright, D., & Bailey, K. M. (1991). Focus on the language classroom: An introduction to
classroom research for language teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Apple, M. W. (1986). Teachers and texts: A political economy of class and gender relations in
education. New York: Routledge.
Erratum