CommonCameraParameters

Createpanel>Cameras>TargetbuttonorFreebutton>Parametersrollout

Mostofthecameracontrolsarecommontobothkindsofcameras.Thistopicdescribesthosecontrols.

Procedures

Toviewawiderarea,doeitherofthefollowing:

UsetheFOVspinnertoincreasethecamera'sfieldofview.
Clickabuttonwithashorterfocallength.UsetheLensspinnertogivethefocallengthavalueotherthanthepreset"stock"valuesonthebuttons.

Toviewanarrowerarea,doeitherofthefollowing:

ChangetheFOVparametertodecreasethecamera'sfieldofview.
Clickabuttonwithalongerfocallength.UsetheLensparametertogivethefocallengthavalueotherthanthepreset"stock"valuesonthebuttons.
Inacameraviewport,theFOVbuttonletsyouadjustthefieldofviewinteractively.
ThecameraviewportPerspectivebuttonalsochangestheFOVinconjunctionwithdollyingthecamera.
Note:OnlytheFOVvalueissavedwiththecamera.ThefocallengthvalueismerelyanalternativewaytoexpressandselecttheFOV.

Tosetthecameralenssize:

IntheStockLensesgroup,clickabuttontochooseastockfocallength.
SettheLensspinnertoacustomfocallength.
Tip:Ifyouwanttomaintainthesamelens,avoidusingtheFOVorPerspectivecontrolsamongthenavigationiconbuttons,anddon'tchangetheFOVspinner.
Important:Whenacameraviewportisactive,changingtheOutputSizeor(custom)ApertureWidthintheRenderScenedialogwillchangethecamera'sLens
setting.

Tomatchacameratoafilmorvideoformat:

IntheRenderScenedialog,choosethetypeofoutputyouwant.
Ifit'sapreset,choosethepresetfromtheOutputSizedropdownlist.TheApertureWidthwillbelockedtothepreset'svalues.
Ifit'sCustom,youcansetyourownApertureWidth,andshoulddosoatthispoint.(Youcanadjusttheotheroutputvaluesatanylatertime.They
havenoaffectonthecameralenssettings,althoughtheydoaffectthecroppingofthescene.)

OncetheApertureWidthisset,settheLensspinnertothetypeofcameralensyouwanttoemulate(forexample,50mm).
 Ifyouwanttomaintainthesamelens,avoidusingtheFOVorPerspectivecontrolsamongthenavigationiconbuttons.

Tofindalens'sfocallength:

Tofindthefocallengthofalensbasedonchangesinaperturewidth,displaytheRenderScenedialog,chooseCustomfromtheOutputSizedropdownlist,
andspecifyavalueintheApertureWidthspinner.Thenewvalueofthecamera'sLensspinnerisbasedonthenewApertureWidthvalue.

Todisplayacamera'scone:

TurnonShowCone.
Thecamera'sfieldofviewconeappearsoutlinedinlightblue.
Note:Acamera'sconeisalwaysvisiblewhilethecameraobjectisselected,regardlessoftheShowConesetting.

Todisplayacamera'shorizonline:

TurnonShowHorizon.
Adarkgraylineappearsatthelevelofthehorizoninthecamera'sviewport.
 Thehorizonlineshownintheviewport.

Thehorizonlinemightnotbevisibleifthehorizonisbeyondthecamera'sfieldofview,orifthecameraistiltedveryhighorlow.

Tochangetheenvironmentrange:

AdjustthevalueofNearRangeorFarRange.
Bydefault,theNearRange=0.0andtheFarRangeequalstheFarclippingplanevalue.
EnvironmentrangesdeterminethenearandfarrangelimitsforatmosphericeffectsyousetintheEnvironmentdialog.

Toseetheenvironmentrangesinviewports:

TurnonShow.
Theenvironmentrangedisplaysastwoplanes.Theplaneclosesttothecameraisthenearrangeandtheonefarthestfromthecameraisthefarrange.

Tosetclippingplanes:

TurnonClipManually.
WhenClipManuallyisoff,thecameraignoresthelocationoftheNearandFarclippingplanes,andtheircontrolsaregrayedout.Thecamerarendersall
geometrywithinitsfieldofview.
SettheNearClipvaluetopositionthenearclippingplane.
ObjectsclosertothecamerathantheNeardistancearenotvisibletothecameraandaren'trendered.
SettheFarClipvaluetopositionthefarclippingplane.
 ObjectsfartherfromthecamerathantheFardistancearenotvisibletothecameraandaren'trendered.
YoucansettheNearclippingplaneclosetothecamerasothatitdoesn'texcludeanygeometry,andstillusetheFarplanetoexcludeobjects.Similarly,you
cansettheFarclippingplanefarenoughfromthecamerathatitdoesn'texcludeanygeometry,andstillusetheNearplanetoexcludeobjects.
TheNearvalueisconstrainedtobelessthantheFarvalue.
Iftheclippingplaneintersectsanobject,itcutsthroughthatobject,creatingacutawayview.

Theeffectofclippingplanes

Toapplyamultipassrenderingeffecttoascene:

IntheMultiPassEffectgroup,turnonEnableandchooseeitherDepthofFieldorMotionBlur.
UsetheDepthofFieldParametersrolloutortheMotionBlurParametersrollouttosetthevaluesfortheeffectyouchose.
Activateacameraviewport.
IntheMultiPassEffectgroup,clickPreviewtopreviewtheeffectinthecameraviewport.
ThePreviewbuttonhasnoeffectifacameraviewportisn'tactive.
Renderthesceneoranimation.

Interface
LensSetsthecamera'sfocallengthinmillimeters.UsetheLensspinnertogivethefocallengthavalueotherthanthepreset"stock"valuesonthebuttonsinthe
StockLensesgroupbox.
WhenyouchangetheApertureWidthvalueintheRenderScenedialog,youalsochangethevalueintheLensspinnerfield.Thisdoesn'tchangetheviewthroughthe
camera,butitdoeschangetherelationshipbetweentheLensvalueandtheFOVvalue,aswellastheaspectratioofthecamera'scone.
FOVDirectionflyoutLetsyouchoosehowtoapplythefieldofview(FOV)value:

Horizontal(Thedefault.)AppliestheFOVhorizontally.ThisisthestandardwaytosetandmeasuretheFOV.
 VerticalAppliestheFOVvertically.

DiagonalAppliestheFOVdiagonally,fromonecorneroftheviewporttotheother.
FOVDetermineshowwideanareathecameraviews(fieldofview).WhenFOVDirectionishorizontal(thedefault),theFOVparameterdirectlysetsthearcofthe
camera'shorizon,measuredindegrees.YoucanalsosettheFOVDirectiontomeasureFOVverticallyordiagonally.
YoucanalsoadjustthefieldofviewinteractivelyinacameraviewportbyusingtheFOVbutton.
OrthographicProjectionWhenon,thecameraviewlooksjustlikeaUserview.Whenoff,thecameraviewisthestandardperspectivelikeview.While
OrthographicProjectionisineffect,theviewportnavigationbuttonsbehaveastheyordinarilydo,exceptforPerspective.Perspectivefunctionstillmovesthecamera
andchangestheFOV,buttheOrthographicProjectioncancelsthetwoout,soyoudon'tseeanychangeuntilyouturnoffOrthographicProjection.

StockLensesgroup

15mm,20mm,24mm,28mm,35mm,50mm,85mm,135mm,200mmThesepresetvaluessetthecamera'sfocallengthinmillimeters.
TypeChangesthecamera'stypefromaTargetcameratoaFreecamera,andviceversa.
Note:Whenyouswitchfromatargetcameratoafreecamera,anyanimationappliedtothecamera'stargetislost,becausethetargetobjectgoesaway.
ShowConeDisplaysthecone(actuallyapyramid)definedbyacamera'sfieldofview.Theconeappearsintheotherviewportsbutdoesnotappearinacamera
viewport.
ShowHorizonDisplaysthehorizonline.Adarkgraylineappearsatthelevelofthehorizoninthecamera'sviewport.

EnvironmentRangesgroup

NearRangeandFarRangeDeterminethenearandfarrangelimitsfortheatmosphericeffectssetintheEnvironmentdialog.Objectsbetweenthetwolimitsfade
betweentheFar%andNear%values.
ShowDisplaysrectangleswithinthecamera'sconetoshowtheNearandFarrangesettings.


Top:ConceptualimageoftheNearandFarranges.

Bottom:Resultafterrendering.

ClippingPlanesgroup

Setsoptionstodefineclippingplanes.Inviewports,clippingplanesaredisplayedasredrectangles(withdiagonals)withinthecamera'scone.
ClipManuallyTurnontodefineclippingplanes.
WhenClipManuallyisoff,geometryclosertothecamerathan3unitsisnotdisplayed.Tooverridethis,useClipManually.
NearClipandFarClipSetsnearandfarplanes.Objectscloserthanthenearclippingplaneorfartherthanthefarclippingplaneareinvisibletothecamera.The
limitoftheFarClipvalueis10tothepowerof32.
Withmanualclippingon,thenearclippingplanecanbeasclosetothecameraas0.1unit.
Warning:ExtremelylargeFarClipvaluescanproducefloatingpointerror,whichcancauseZbufferproblemsintheviewport,suchasobjectsappearinginfrontof
otherobjectswhentheyshouldn't.

ConceptualimageofNearandFarclippingplanes.

MultiPassEffectgroup

Thesecontrolsletyouassignadepthoffieldormotionblureffecttothecamera.Whengeneratedbyacamera,theseeffectsgenerateblurringbyrenderingthe
sceneinmultiplepasses,withoffsets.Theyincreaserenderingtime.
Tip:Thedepthoffieldandmotionblureffectsaremutuallyexclusive.Becausetheyrelyonmultiplerenderingpasses,applyingbothtothesamecameracouldbe
prohibitivelyslow.Ifyouwanttousebothdepthoffieldandmotionblurringinthesamescene,usemultipassdepthoffield(usingthesecameraparameters)and
combineitwithobjectmotionblur.
Tip:EnableWhenon,previewingorrenderingusestheeffect.Whenoff,theeffectisnotrendered.
Tip:PreviewClicktopreviewtheeffectinanactivecameraviewport.Thisbuttonhasnoeffectiftheactiveviewportisnotacameraview.
Tip:EffectdropdownlistLetsyouchoosewhichmultipasseffecttogenerate,DepthOfFieldorMotionBlur.Theseeffectsaremutuallyexclusive.Default=Depth
OfField.LetsyouchoosetheDepthofFieldmultipasseffect.
Note:Therolloutforthechoseneffectappears,bydefault,aftertheParametersrollout.
RenderEffectsPerPassWhenon,appliesrenderingeffects,ifanyareassigned,toeachpassofthemultipasseffect(depthoffieldormotionblur).Whenoff,
appliesrenderingeffectsonlyafterthepassesthatgeneratethemultipasseffect.Default=off.
TurningoffRenderEffectsPerPasscanimprovetherendertimeformultipasseffects.
TargetDistanceWithafreecamera,setsapointtouseasaninvisibletargetsothatyoucanorbitacameraaroundthatpoint.Withatargetcamera,indicatesthe
distancebetweenthecameraanditstarget.

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