2017-10-01

A pair of chromosomes contains

DNA from both parents.
Heredity

An organism is considered pure An organism is considered

bred when genes on both hybrid when genes on both
chromosomes are the same chromosomes are different.

The different possible forms of

a gene are known as alleles

So what happens when the traits are So what happens when the traits are
different? different?

Dominant
Recessive

1
 2017-10-01

So what happens when the traits are

Traits and heredity
different?
Recessive trait:
Trait can be carried by the parent in their
Dominant genes but not seen

Recessive
Dominant trait:
Trait carried by the parent in their genes
and seen to an observed

Traits and heredity *** Please note

Incomplete dominance:
When one trait does not overpower another
yet combines.
E.g. pure white flower fertilize with pure red flower of
the same species and make pink flowers.
Not all characteristics are this simple. Eye
color for example is not based on a single
allele but is influenced by the genes found on
many different chromosomes

The development of some traits can also be

influenced by environmental factors.

What does this mean? Compairing

Artificial selection: process of humans Natural Selection Artificial Selection
selecting and breeding desired traits in plants Selection made Selection made
and animals. by the environment by humans

Traits are selected to Traits are selected

based on needs or
increase survival preference (not
chance of the survival of the
species species)

2
 2017-10-01

Biotechnology
Any technology designed to speed up the
process of artificial selection
Biotechnology
1. Cloning
2. Artificial Reproduction
3. Genetic engineering

1. Cloning 2. Artificial Reproduction

Low Tech Option Artificial Insemination
Cuttings (asexual reproduction) Sperm (male gamete) from an organism with
desired traits is collected then inserted into the
uterus of the female.

High Tech Option In Vitro Fertilization

Reproducing desired cells in a laboratory Fertilization occurs in a lab. The embryo is
then placed in the uterus of the female.

3. Genetic Engineering Advantage and Disadvatanges

Genetic Engineering alters the DNA Advantages Disadvantages
You insert one gene of a species into another Produces desired Decreases genetic
species results faster variability

E.g. Insulin creating bacteria, Spider Goat, Glow in the Can make food last Technology not yet
dark cats, Round-up ready plants longer perfected

Can help us conserve Hard to contain the

species genetic modification
(possible cross-
fertilization in plants)