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LECTURE
FAILURE CRITERIA:
MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES
A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
23 by
Dr. Ibrahim A. Assakkaf
SPRING 2003
Chapter ENES 220 Mechanics of Materials
7.5 7.6, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
7.9 University of Maryland, College Park
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 1
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1
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 2
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A
B 1160
640 20 Mpa
0
64 x
A 640
80 Mpa
Fig.24
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 3
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x = 20 MPa
y = 120 MPa
xy = -80 MPa C
z = p3 = 0 2 = 2(64 ) = 1280
20 + 120 H (120,80)
C= = 70 MPa
2
R = radius = (120 70) 2 + ( 80 ) = 94.34
2
2
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 4
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 5
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( b)
580
n = C + R cos 60 = 70 + 94.34 cos 60 ( n , nt )
= 163.8 MPa
H (120,80)
nt = R sin 6 = 94.34 sin 6 = 9.86 MPa
0 0 R = 94.34
3
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 6
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 7
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zy xy = yx
zx x
xz yz = zy (29)
z
zx = xz
4
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 8
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Fig.26
y
dy x
dx
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 9
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5
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 10
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 11
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6
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 12
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 13
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 14
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y 1+ x Fig.27
1
1+ y
y
1
x
x
z z 1
1+ z
(a) (b)
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 15
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8
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 16
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 17
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9
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 18
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[
z = z ( x + y )
1
E
]
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 19
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10
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 20
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State of Stress
x =
E
( x + y )
1 2
(32)
y =
E
( y + x )
1 2
These equations can be used to calculate normal stresses
from measured or computed normal strains.
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 21
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x =
E
(1 + )(1 2 )
[
(1 ) x + ( y + z ) ]
y =
E
(1 + )(1 2 )
[
(1 ) y + ( x + z ) ] (33)
z =
E
(1 + )(1 2 )
[
(1 ) z + ( x + y ) ]
11
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 22
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E
G= (34)
2(1 + )
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 23
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12
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 24
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Example 8
At a point on the surface of a structural
steel (E = 200 GPa and G = 76 GPa)
machine part subjected to a biaxial state of
stress, the measured strains were x =
+750 m/m, y = +350 m/m, and xy = -
560 rad. Determine the stresses x, y,
and xy at the point.
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 25
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Example 8 (contd)
The given values are:
x = +750 m/m, y = +350 m/m, xy = -560
rad, E = 200 GPa, and G = 76 GPa
Using Eq. 34,
E 1 E
G= = 2
2(1 + ) 2 G
1 200
= 2 = 0.3158
2 76
13
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 26
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200 109
x =
E
( + ) = [750 + 0.3158(350)]106
1 2 1 (0.3158)
x y 2
200 109
y =
E
( + ) = [350 + 0.3158(750)]106
1 2 1 (0.3158)
y x 2
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 27
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Example 8 (contd)
The shearing stress xy can be computed
from the the following relationship:
xy = G xy
= 76 109 (560 10 6 )
14
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 28
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Example 9
Determine the state of strain that
corresponds to the following state of stress
at a point in a steel (E = 30,000 ksi and =
0.30) machine part: x = 15,000 psi, y =
5000 psi, z = 7500 psi, xy = 5500 psi, yz
= 4750 psi, and zx = 3200 psi
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 29
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Example 9 (contd)
The given values are as follows:
x = 15.0 ksi, y = 5.0 ksi, z = 7.5 ksi
xy = 5.5 ksi, yz = 4.75 ksi, zx = 3.2 ksi
E = 30,000 ksi, and = 0.30
Using Eqs. 31, the strains are
x =
1
E
[
x ( y + z ) =] 1
30,000
[15 0.3(5 + 7.5)] = 375 in/in
15
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 30
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E
[
z = z ( x + y ) =
1
] 1
30,000
[7.5 0.3(15 + 5)] = 50 in/in
Using Eq. 35
E 2(1 + )
yz = G yz = yz yz = yz
2(1 + ) E
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 31
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Example 9 (contd)
2(1 + ) 2(1 + 0.3) )
xy = xy = (5.5) = 477 rad
E 30,000
2(1 + ) 2(1 + 0.3) )
yz = yz = (4.75) = 412 rad
E 30,000
16
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 32
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 33
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17
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 34
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 35
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18
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 36
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a b
c b a
a
x
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 37
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Gage 600
Gage Gage
Gage
Gage Gage
450 600 600
19
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 38
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 39
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20
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 40
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z = ( +y) (39)
1
x
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 41
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Example 10
At a point on the free surface of an
aluminum alloy (E = 73 GPa and = 0.33)
machine part, the strain rosette shown in
Fig. 30 was used to obtain the following
normal strain data: a = +780, b = +345,
c = -332. Determine (a) the strain
components x, y, xy and (2) the principal
strains and maximum shearing strain.
21
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 42
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600
Gage c Gage b
y
600 600
x
Gage a
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 43
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22
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 44
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 45
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p3 = z = ( +y )=
0.33
(780 251) = 261
1
x
1 0.33
23
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 46
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 47
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Figure.31
24
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 48
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LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 49
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x =
E
[
x + y =] 73 109
[525 + 0.3036(1350)]10 6 = 75.2 MPa (T)
1 1 (0.3036 )
2 2
y =
E
[ + =] 73 109
[1350 + 0.3036(525)]10 6 = 121.4 MPa (T)
1 2 1 (0.3036 )
y x 2
25
LECTURE 22. FAILURE CRITERIA: MULTIAXIAL STRESS STATES (7.5 7.6, 7.9) Slide No. 50
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26