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BRIDGE DESIGN
COURBON METHOD
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 3/92
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 5/92
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
In this exercise we will solve the structure only for the multi
component action group n 1. Needless to say that the other
groups have to be taken into account too.
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 7/92
Load analysis
Dead load g1
1. Longitudinal beams
2. Transverse beams
3. Slab
kN
1. Longitudinal beam g1lb b h l 0.5m 1.20m 15m 25 225kN
m3
kN
2. Transverse beam g1tb b h l 0.3m 1.00m 2.5 3m 25 3 56kN
m
kN
3. Slab g1s b l h 12m 15m 0.25m 25 1125kN
m3
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Load analysis
Dead load g1
Two simplifications:
a. Dead weight uniformly distributed among beams
b. Dead weight of transverse beams taken as uniformly
distributed instead of 4 concentrated forces
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 9/92
Load analysis
Permanent loads g2
1. Kerb
2. Pavement
3. Vehicle restraint system
4. Pedestrian parapet
kN
1. Kerb g 2 k b h l 1.5m 0.23m 15m 25 129kN
m3
2. Pavement kN
g 2 p b l 1.5m 15m 3 67.5kN
m2
The load value for the pavement takes into account that
several layers of asphalt may be placed one over another
during maintenance of the road:
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Load analysis
kN
3. V. R. S. g 2 vrs l 15m 2 30kN
m
kN
4. Pedestr. parapet g 2 pp l 15m 1.0 15kN
m
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 11/92
38 16 15 2
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Load analysis
Variable traffic load q1
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 13/92
0.5
1 l l 0.5
4 2
Transversal load repartition according to Courbon theory
-0.2
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Transverse distribution
Or:
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 15/92
0.2 l
4
0.7 l
4
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
P
0.5
1 l 3.75m
4
l
4 6.9 3.75 / 7.5 6.9 3.45m
l
2
M S , P 2 3.45 P 6.9 P
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 17/92
l l l l
4 4 4 4
Rq Rq
q
0.5
1 l 3.75m
l 1.875m 4
8
Transverse distribution
Carriageway width = 9m
Width of each notional lane = 3m
Number of notional lanes = 3
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 19/92
-0.2
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
0.5 2.5
Fa
R1,a -0.2
i , j ya 0.1
0.4
0.7 0.5
R1,a Fa ya 150kN 0.7 0.3 150kN 0.65 97.5kN
3
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 21/92
2.5 0.5
Fb
R1,b -0.2
i , j yb 0.1
0.4
0.7 2.5
R1,b Fb yb 150kN 0.7 0.3 150kN 0.45 67.5kN
3
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
0.5 2.5
Fc
R1,c -0.2
yc
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7 0.5
R1,c Fc yc 100kN 0.4 0.3 100kN 0.35 35.0kN
3
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 23/92
2.5 0.5
Fd
R1,d yd -0.2
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7 2.5
R1,d Fd yd 100kN 0.4 0.3 100kN 0.15 15.0kN
3
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 25/92
-0.2
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
R1 -0.2
yb
i , j ya 0.1
0.4
0.7
R1,u .distr . R1,a R1,b qa ya qb yb 27 0.55 7.5 0.25 14.85 1.87 16.7 kN / m
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 27/92
F 2F
3 3 -0.2
R1 F 0.5 F 0.7 2 F 0.4
3 3
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
q 2.5kN / m 2
F1 F2
-0.2
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 29/92
1.5 3
q 2.5kN / m 2
Rq
Rq q 1.5m 3.75kN / m
q
F2 3.75 0.75 / 3 0.94kN / m
F1 3.75 0.94 4.69kN / m
F1 F2
R1,crowd F1 0.7 F2 0.4 2.9kN / m
0.4
0.7 Same result if we extrapolate
the Curbon transverse line
R1,crowd outside beam n1
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
R1,concentrated P 215kN
1
M S ,concentrated 6.9 R1,concentrated 1484kNm
Rq Rq
q
Uniformly distributed
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 31/92
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Shear in mid-span
Drawing influence surface
One dimensional influence line for longitudinal simply supported beam
7.5m 7.5m
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 33/92
Shear in mid-span
Drawing influence surface
If we modulate the two graph seen before we obtain
0.2 0.5
0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5
0.7 0.5
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Shear in mid-span
Variable concentrated traffic load
1 m
2
1 6.3 0.42m
2 7.5
VS , P (0.5 0.42) P 0.92 P
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 35/92
Shear in mid-span
Variable uniformly distributed traffic load
l l
4 4
Rq
q
1 m
1 m 2
4
l 1 15
VS ,q q q 1.875q
2 4 8
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
-0.2
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 37/92
3 Lane
1 Lane 2 Lane
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
R1 -0.2
0.1
0.4
0.7
R1,concentrated 150 (0.65 0.45) 100 (0.35 0.15) 50 (0.05 0.15)
165 50 5 220kN
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 39/92
-0.2
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
3 Lane
1 Lane 2 Lane
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 41/92
R1 -0.2
0.1
0.4
0.7
R1 , u.distr. 27 0.55 7.5 0.25 7.5 0.05 17.1kN / m
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
F1 F2 F3 F4
-0.2
0.1
0.4
0.7 F1 F4 3.75 0.94 4.69kN / m
F2 F3 3.75 0.75 / 3 0.94kN / m
R1,crowd F1 0.7 F2 0.4 F3 0.1 F4 0.2
4.69 0.9 0.94 0.3 3.94kN / m
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 43/92
3 Lane
1 Lane 2 Lane
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Shear in mid-span
R1,concentrated P 220kN
Rq
Uniformly distributed q
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 45/92
Shear in mid-span
Rq
Crowd q
R1,crowd q 2.9kN / m
Vs ,crowd 1.875 R1,crowd 5.4kN
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 47/92
Dynamic coefficient = 1
Shape coefficient = 1
kN
Wind pressure p qb ce c p cd 391 1.8 1 1 0.74
m2
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
3m
1.58m
From pavement
extrados to
longitudinal beams
intrados (13cm of
pavement thickness)
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 49/92
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Wind Mt
Torque
moment due
3.63m to the wind
0.95m yg
Sg 2143
Vertical position of the centroid yg 0.95m
Mg 2249
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 51/92
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
VS , wind 0kN
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 53/92
ULS combination
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Pay attention:
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 55/92
BRIDGE DESIGN
ENGESSER METHOD
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 57/92
z Rtb Rtb
1
l l
l 5m 2 2 l
z z2
2 1 for 0 z l
10 l 3EI b
ya1 ( z ) Rtb
1 3z 2 z l
2
3 5l 2
5 2l for l z l
2 2
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Beam 4
b
Beam 3
Beam 2
x
Rtb
z
Beam 1
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 59/92
1
10l 2 z 6l z for 0 z l
3 2
x 1
yb ( z , x) 0.7 0.9
3b 10l 2 3
z 3 z l 6l 2 z for l z 2l
1
10l 2 z z l z 2l 6l z
3 3 3 2
for 2l z 3l
Transverse
direction
Longitudinal direction
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
1
10l 2 z 6l z for 0 z l
3 2
1
yb ,i ( z ) 1,i
10l
2 3
z 3 z l 6l 2 z for l z 2l
1
10l 2 z z l z 2l 6l z
3 3 3 2
for 2l z 3l
Transverse
direction
Longitudinal direction
0.7 Beam 1
0.4 Beam 2
1,i
0.1 Beam 3
0.2 Beam 4
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 61/92
-0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0
0.5
y
1.5
ya1
yb1
yb2
2
yb3
yb4
2.5
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
z
-1
-0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0
0.5
1
y
1.5
ya1+yb1
2
yb2
yb3
2.5
yb4
3.5
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 63/92
Procedure
2. Once the loads are on the beams we can use the influence lines shown
in the previous slide to calculate the bending moment in mid-span.
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Concentrated loads
3.0 3.0 We dont place the third
notional lane because its
0.5 2.0 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.5 centroid will fall inside
the negative influence
150kN 150kN 100kN 100kN surface of load
distribution
F1 F2 F3 -0.2 F4
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 65/92
F1 150kN
F2 150 100 250kN
F3 100kN
2. Once the loads are on the beams we can use the influence lines shown
in slide 61 to calculate the bending moment in mid-span.
z 8.1m
z 6.9m
Fi Fi
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 67/92
q1 q2 q3 -0.2 q4
i , j 0.1
0.4
0.7
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
q1 13.5kN / m
q2 13.5 3.75 17.25kN / m
q3 3.75kN / m
2. Once the loads are on the beams we can integrate the influence lines
shown in slides 56 and 59 for a uniformed distributed load to calculate
the bending moment in mid-span.
Fi
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 69/92
a system
z z2
2 1 for 0 z l
10 l
ya1 ( z )
1 3z 2 z l
2
3
5 2l for l z l
2 2
3l l z z 2
3l
2
1 3z 2 l
0 a1
q y ( z ) dz 2
0 10 l 2
q 1
dz q
5
2l
2 z
2
dz
l
l z z2 3l
2
1 3z 2 l
2q 2 1 dz 2 z dz
0 10 l 5 2 l 2
l
l 2
3l 1
2
2q q l 2 0.625q
40 80 40
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
b system
1
10l 2 z 6l z for 0 z l
3 2
1
yb ,i ( z ) 1,i
10l
2
z 3 z l 6l 2 z
3
for l z 2l
1
10l 2 z z l z 2l 6l z
3 3 3 2
for 2l z 3l
l
3l 2l
0 q yb , i ( z ) dz 1, i 2 q
1
2 z 3
6l 2
z dz l 10l
q
1
2
z 3
z l
3
6l 2
z dz
0 10l
q
l 2l
2
1,i z 3 z l 6l 2 z dz
3 2 3
2 z 6l z dz
10l 0 l
q 11 4 11 4 11
1,i 2
l l 1,i q l 2
10l 2 2 10
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 71/92
a + b systems
1 11 2 41 25 41
Beam 1 0.7 q l q q
40 10 100 4
11 2 11
Beam 2 0.4 q l q 0.44q
10 25
11 2 11
Beam 3 0.1 q l q 0.11q
10 100
Total 41 41
M S ,u .distr . q1 0.44q2 0.11q3 13.5 0.44 17.25 0.11 3.75 146kNm
4 4
With Courbon model it was
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Shear in mid-span
Drawing influence surface
One dimensional influence line for longitudinal beam (continuous on
transverse beams)
z Rtb Rtb
l l
l 5m 2 2 l
z z2
1 2 for 0 z l
3 l l 6 EI b
ya1 ( z ) Rtb
z z z
2 3
3 l2
3l 1 1 for l z l
2
l l 2
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 73/92
Shear in mid-span
Drawing influence surface
We apply the virtual reactions Rtb on the girder and we calculate with
Courbon theory the global deformation of the deck.
Beam 4
b
Beam 3
Beam 2
x
Rtb
z
Beam 1
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
2 z3 l 2 z
3 for 0 z l
l 6 3
x 2 z 3 ( z l )3 l 2 z
yb ( z , x) 0.7 0.9 3 for l z 2l
3b l 6 2 3
2 z 3 ( z l )3 ( z 2l )3 l 2 z
3 for 2l z 3l
l 6 2 2 3
Transverse
direction
Longitudinal direction
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 75/92
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
yb1
-0.4
yb2
yb3
-0.2
yb4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0
y
0.2
0.4
0.6
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 77/92
yb2
-0.4
yb3
-0.2
yb4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0
y
0.2
0.4
0.6
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Concentrated loads
Longitudinal position of the three tandem systems
z
-0.6 ya1+yb1
yb2
-0.4
yb3
Lane 3 Lane 1 Lane 2
-0.2
yb4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0
y
0.2
0.4
0.6
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 79/92
Concentrated loads
3 Lane
2 Lane
1 Lane
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
yb ,2 (7.5) 0
yb ,2 (8.7) 0.08
F1 F2
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 81/92
yb ,2 z 2 z 3 l 2 z
0 0.4 3 0
z z l 6 3
2
z l 4.08m
3
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
100kN 100kN
F2 F3 100kN
Vc ,2 2 F2 0.140 0.035
0.350 100 35kN
F2 F3
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 83/92
yb ,4 (3.48) 0.070
yb ,4 (4.68) 0.070
F3 F4 50kN
Vc ,3 2 F3 0.070 0.035
F3 F4 0.070 50 3.5kN
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 85/92
3 Lane
1 Lane 2 Lane
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
3l 3l
2 l
z z2 2 z z 2 z 3
q ya1 ( z )dz q 1 2 dz q 1 2 1 dz
0 0
3l l l 3l l l
l 1 z 3
3l
2
1 z3 z
3
q z 2 dz z 2 1 dz
0 3l l 3l l l
l
1 25 1 1 1
ql ql q5 0.156q
12 192 64 32 32
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 87/92
b system
2 z3 l 2 z
3 for 0 z l
l 6 3
yb1 ( z ) 1,i
2 z (z l) l z
3 3 2
l3 6 for l z 2l
2 3
3l
l 2 z3 l 2 z
3l
2 z 3 ( z l )3 l 2 z
2
2
2q l z 3 2q 2 z 3 ( z l )3 l 2 z
3l
2
1,i 3 l z dz 3 dz
0 l
3l 2 l 6 2 3
1 65 1 5 11 11
1,i ql ql 1,i ql 1,i q5 1,i 1.72q
4 192 64 12 32 32
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
3l
3l 2
Then
3l
q yb1 ( z )dz q yb1 ( z )dz is:
0
2
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 89/92
Distributed loads
1 Lane 2 Lane
3.0 3.0
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
27 kN / m 7.5kN / m
Distributed loads
3.0
1.5 1.5
7.5kN / m
3 Lane
q3,3 q4,3
On 3rd beam On 4th beam
due to 3rd lane due to 3rd lane
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
c
a
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design
4 Girder bridges 93/92
Politecnico di Torino
Department of structural and geotechnical engineering
Bridge design