THE WORKSHOP TOOLS

PAPER

ENGLISH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

OLEH:
AULIA AMAR
NIM 170514625023
ARYA MULYANA KUSUMAH
NIM 170514625054

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN
AGUSTUS 2017

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENS .................................................................................................... i

PICTURES TABLE .......................................................................................................... iii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1

1.1 Issue Backgrund ................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Identificaton problems ...................................................................................... 1
1.3 Goals ................................................................................................................. 1

CHAPTER 2 CONTENT ................................................................................................. 2

2.1 Tool Definition .................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Hand Tools ........................................................................................................ 2
2.2.1 Pliers........................................................................................................ 2
2.2.2 Screwdriver ............................................................................................. 4
2.2.3 Wrenches ................................................................................................. 5
2.3 Fasterners .......................................................................................................... 8
2.3.1 Bolt, Screws, and Nuts ............................................................................ 9
2.3.2 Ring ......................................................................................................... 12
2.3.3 Cotter Pins ............................................................................................... 14
2.3.4 Flat Metal Lock ....................................................................................... 14
2.4 welding process ................................................................................................. 15

CHAPTER 3 CLOSED..................................................................................................... 18
3.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................... 18

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 19

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 PICTURES TABLE

Figure 2.1 Combination pliers .................................................................................................................... 2

Figure 2.2 Universal pliers ......................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2.3 Diagonal Cutting Pliers ............................................................................................................. 3
Figure 2.4 End Cutting pliers...................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2.5 Standart Screwdrivers ................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 2.6 Offset Screwdriver .................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 2.7 Impact Screwdriver ................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 2.8 size of screwdriver..................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 2.9 Open End Wrench ..................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2.10 Point Box End Wrench ............................................................................................................ 6
Figure 2.11 Combination Wrench............................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2.12 Adjustable Wrench .................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 2.13 Socket Wrenches ..................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2.14 Handle ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2.15 Allen/Hex Wrenches ............................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2.16 Fasteners ................................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 2.17 bolts, screws, and nuts ............................................................................................................. 9
Figure 2.18 Thread Size ............................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 2.19 Thread direction ...................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2.20 Head bolts ............................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 2.21 Hexagon Socket Head Bolts .................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2.22 The Retaining Ring.................................................................................................................. 12
Figure 2.23 Lock Ring ............................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 2.24 External Toothed Safety Ring .................................................................................................. 13
Figure 2.25 Cotter pins ............................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 2.26 Flat Metal Lock ....................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 2.27 Pedal Weld Point ..................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2.28 Portable weld Point.................................................................................................................. !5

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Issue Background

The tools is the main tools for a mechanic because it can help resolve worked with a
relatively fast without causing damage to the components to be repaired. In the course of the repair
mechanic can find different difficulties, in this much-needed tools that support the performance of
the mechanics.

the workshop has been equipped tools but are not used as its functions will cause harm to
the owner. This can be because the tools is not used properly, it can be ascertained that the mechanics
did a huge mistake in working due to the lack of knowledge about the mechanics of such tools. This
incident certainly affected the minds of the customers on the quality of work of the workshop.

Please note that the use of the tools for mechanical is something important. In general the
beginner difficulty working in the mechanical repair shop, one of them due to lack of knowledge of
the damage and the repairs are also due have not been able to use work equipment correctly.

1.2. Identification problems

Based on the background issue, problem formulation can be generated as follows:

1. What are the different types of tools?

2. How part of the tools?

3. How does the application of the tools?

1.3 Goals

Based on the formulation of the problem can be written several goals, such as:

1. Find out what it tools

2. To know what are the types of tools.

3. To know part of the tools.

4. To know how the application of tools

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 CHAPTER 2
CONTENT

2.1. Tool Definition

The tool is an object that is used to grind its function is to facilitate the work. The human
ability to make tools growing hand in hand with the progress of the times. Materials that can be
used as a tool is also diverse. Since prehistoric times, when people are new to wood and stone,
they have been thinking to make use of these objects to relieve the improvements. When the metal
in discover, tools made of metal. When the engine in the work created, humans are increasingly
facilitated. Tools have many types from hand tools, cutting tools, fastening tools, dan manchine
tools.

2.2. Hand Tools

There are certain tools that are common to any jobs. Regardless of what your clasification
is, you should become familiar with the common tools.

2.2.1 Pliers

Pliers is one of the equipment repair shop that has many functions such as hold, take off,
cut, install the component, and so on. The following are the types of pliers:

a. Combination Pliers

Combination pliers have had a side cut, serrated JAWS so that it can hold, bend the wire to
a certain size, cut the cable, wire and soft.

Figure 2.1 Combination pliers

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b. Universal Pliers.

Figure 2.2 Universal pliers

Universal pliers have jaws has with a flat surface that serves to hold. This type of pliers are equipped
jaw Manager that serves as a major regulator of small jaw.

c. Cutting Pliers

Cutting pliers are principally use for holding, cutting, banding small gage wire. The jaws
are hallowed out on one side just forward of the pivot points of the pliers. Opposite the hallowed out
portion of the jaws are the cutting edges.

Figure 2.3 Diagonal Cutting Pliers

Figure 2.4 End Cutting pliers

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2.2.2 Screwdriver

Screwdrivers is as a tool for tightening and releasing the bolts or screws that have a straight
or cross flow. The screwdriver itself has 3 types namely standard screwdriver, screwdriver, and
offset the impact screwdriver, these are the kinds of screwdriver:

a. Standard Screwdriver

The standard screwdriver used to tighten the screws of the appropriate size.

Figure 2.5 Standart Screwdrivers

To avoid damage, use a screwdriver according to the shape of the screw head grooves like a philips
(+) or minus (-).

b. Offset Screwdriver

Offset screwdriver itself has the function of tightening and releasing the bolt/screw that is
located hard to reach using a standard screwdriver. This screwdriver has the same blade

Figure 2.6 Offset Screwdrivers

c. Impact Screwdriver

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 The impact screwdriver serves to tighten and release the bolt/screw that has a relatively
higher tightening moment.

Figure 2.7 Impact Screwdriver

How to use an impact screwdriver by means of hitting the body impact screwdriver using
a hammer while rotated so that the blade can be rotated. The position of the screwdriver should have
to be perpendicular to the screw.

How To Choose The Size Screwdriver

The width of the blade used must comply with the wide slot in the bolt head/couplers. A
blade that is too small will cause damage to the screwdriver.

Figure 2.8 size of screwdriver (a) too narrow; (b) too wide; (c) correct width

2.2.3 Wrenhes

A wrench is a basic tool that is used to expert a twisting forces on bolt, nut, and studs. The
special wrenches designed to do certai in jobs in the most cases variations of the basic wrenches that
will be described in this section.

The best wrenches are made of chrome vanadium steel. Wrenches made of this material are
light in weight and almost unbreakable. This is an expensive material, however, so the most common
wrenches.

a. Open End Wrench

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 Open end wrench serves as a tool to release and tighten the nut with a size respectively.
This type of wrench has two different types. When using this make sure the wrench should
correspond to the width of the bolt head. The jaw from open end wrench is made fiftteen degree
incl3ine against his grip. This wrench is used only in accordance with the, measuring respectively.

Figure 2.9 Open End Wrench (a) too wide, (b) too narrow, (c) correct width

b. Point Box End Wrench

Point Box End Wrench is used to remove and tighten the bolt that his place in the side, if
the position of the bolt can be reached preferably using point box end wrench, do not use an open
end wrench. Because the point box end wrench to lock the six sides of the bolt without destroying
it, because the point box end wrench had twelve corners that will lock the six sides of the bolt

Figure 2.10 Point Box End Wrench

c. Combination Wrench

Combination wrench is a combination between the point box end wrench with an open end
wrench. Combination wrench has a size that is the same on both jaws.

Figure 2.11 Combination Wrench

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d. Adjustable Wrench

Adjustable wrench is an adjustable wrench size large jaw, that serves to release and tighten
the bolt if it does not have a specific size with a wrench.

Figure 2.12 Adjustable Wrench

Adjustable Wrench made with an angle of fifteen degrees between the jaws of the wrench
with handle, with a wide mouth between 13-35 mm. In addition there is also a model that has a jaw
forty five degree angles with jaw width between 26-83 mm. How to use the services by placing jaw
wrench to the head nut, then by turning the penyetel jaw to dilate or shrink to adjust the size of the
head nut.

e. Socket Wrenches

Function of socket wrench used to mengendorkan or tighten the bolt. In a set of socket
wrench consists of various size in units of mm and inch. Model of the socket wrench is varied
ranging from a standard socket wrench that have 6, 8, and 12 slope angle, and the length of the
model has 6 corner.

Figure 2.13 Socket Wrenches

Socket wrenches this can not be used directly, socket wrenches can only be used once attached
with the handle. As for his position in the form of ratchet handles, handles, speed and sliding T
handle.

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 Figure 2.14 Handle (a) Ratchet Handle;(b) Speed Handle; (c) Sliding T Handle

f. Allen/Hex Wranch

Allen is the key which has the form (L), and both ends had the form of hexagon. Used for
tightening or removing bolts that have a hexagon head hole.

Figure 2.15 Allen/Hex Wrenches

2.3. Fasteners

Figure 2.16 Fasterners

Fastener tool is a tool for binding objects. It first appeared that resembles a rope like a
radiating from herbs gradually due to increasing needs, then till now that tools be developed again

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in the form as simple as studs, pins and nails. Binding tool to simplify manufacture, because many
components and the installation cannot be made in one section, all of which should be made of two
or more parts, which are placed by the binder tool so to facilitate the repair of a component of the
other construction, ease maintenance and repair by opening a meeting of bond can be separated into
separate parts for easier inspection, repair or substitution The binder tool also gives safety, many
fastener that doubles as a rescue tool.

Some tools such as: ring, spring, pen divisions, wire lock nut plant can guarantee an
installation with all pairs so that less likely. To perform works on modern products, the binder must
be made of materials of high quality and must be strong enough to hold the components so that quick
and easy to open and install and can be used over and over again. many fastener holding the vibration
does not result in a respite, not dipengaruhioleh high temperatures, could resist rust, and will hold it
for the parts are combined.

very good Binder tool made by a technician is good until he is convinced that one of the
tools he used fastener size and quality is good and he'll open up and put it in the right way.

2.3.1 Bolts, Screws, and Nuts

Bolts-bolts are commonly used in holes drilled through the strengthened. Bolt was detained
with a nut. the difference is usually on screw holes are threaded without a nut. A screw is a long
metal rod has a head and body. Nowadays many people are using the hexagon-headed bolt. The stem
of the bolt screw and ribs have had ribs outside screw called "drad" at the end, the basic plot is called
basic drad. Drad-drad made by cutting or by forming a corner.

Figure 2.17 head bolts

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 Some of the bolts were measured with somewhat different. The bolt part no thread is called
the stem. The ends of the bolts of the mean eaten usually with first running drad 45 degrees. The
head bolts are measured is aligned on the side of average, the size of the head set with the size
wrench or key sok used to play or hold the bolt.

Figure 2.18 Thread Size

There is a standard control for threaded bolts-bolts and nuts, was developed by the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and make some thing like Summit drad, into the
screw from the base of the plant and can receive or match and formed with the symbol drad. Since
the adjustment of the year 1948, the ANSI symbol has been replaced with a symbol, a symbol of
American National drad rough is US standard drad-drad symbolized by a smooth screw SAE.

Bolts and screws usually have drad to right, which is threaded to the right as the direction
is rotated clockwise when screwed into the tool towards the East

Figure 2.19 Thread direction

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 Many of the bolts which have a bearing surface in the shape of a circle or a ring-shaped
surface bearing the same yung sometimes obtained by tilting the angle beneath the surface.

Now a lot of bolts and other high quality fastener coated with zinc or cadium to fight rust
and sometimes incorporated into chromate as resistance to rust.

a. Bolt bolt-Vehicles

Bolt vehicle used to strengthen steel square hollow sections, many of which have vehicle
bolt heads round the neck with a square at the bottom of the head. Establishments in the neck to
prevent rotation of the bolt on a piece of wood. There are several bolts that have heads are round,
flat, oval.

Figure 2.20 size head bolts

Like bolts-bolts and screws that are regular, its specifications to the bolt-bautkend araan
created by ANSI with bolts-bolts of high quality in accordance with this specification. The length
of the bolts round-headed vehicle created from the tip of the screw to the bottom of the head. Flat-
headed bolt is measured from the tip of the screw up on the head along the median.

Bolt plow bolt-indirectly made to bind the Ploughshares and other parts on moldboord. It
has a bolt head flat and oval so it fits to sink holes at Ploughshares or on other parts, when installed,
the bolt head bolts should be equally bound to the surface.

b. Hex Socket Head Bolts

Hex socket head bolts, sometimes used in pits on the limited spaces, where a small head
size is an advantage. The head bolts are equal in size to six square ring face on a square the six bolts.
His head has square holes six to square the six allen key. The size of the keys can be personalised
way according the size of the bolt.

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 Figure 2.21 Hexagon Socket Head Bolts

Bolts-bolts that high-power played with gripping teeth out around her head, this is used
when a bolt in high-power with heads of smaller required. the bolt head of the twelve in terms of
diameter, characterized by long bolts, and the length of the body is the same as the six-square-headed
bolt, it can be played using a double hex socket.

2.3.2 Ring

a. The Retaining Ring

Figure 2.22 The Retaining Ring

a ring is a flat round steel with a hole through the center of the shaft, although part of it is
simple, but the ring is very important to be used in a variety of installation. If the ring was installed
under the head of a bolt, or nut, then plainwasher gives more charge on an area that is more luavbesar
than the bolt head or nut, so reducing pressure yan! will occur. Ringjuga prevents the surface from
a locked portion of the damages that occurred.

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b. Lock Ring

Figure 2.23 Lock Ring

Ring is made of spring steel is hard, usually ring-ring lock placed under the nut but can also
be installed under the head of the bolt, the bolt or nut when tied, stab at poignancy or nut head bolt
on parts that are fastened, keeping the nuts and bolts of the turnaround. As well as flat-ring diameter
of the inner ring of the locker indicated by the diameter of the bolt, then the inner diameter of the
ring a little bit big so the ring will be more easily mounted on the bolt.

c. External Toothed Safety Ring

The holding power is required, use the special locking ring toothed lock ring, which is
often used. Because the teeth sharp, sharp teeth that came to the surface for pressing nut. Generally
external toothed ring-shaped cone-headed screws are used on average.

Figure 2.24 External Toothed Safety Ring

A lot of the locking ring grooved, used for special usage but it all worked out for the same principle.

2.3.3 Cotter Pins

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 Pen spi is used to hold a nuts and bolts so that strong and bound to hold the nut so
inseparable. Pen spi inserted between furrows nuts through a hole on the other end of the bolt, a pen
made of metal that spi software so that it can be folded around the nut. There are several bolts that
had two holes for the mounting of more appropriate. Never loosen the nut to straighten the flow of
spi, unless there is a manufacturer's instructions.

Figure 2.25 Cotter pins

2.3.4 Flat Metal Locks

Another way of bolts or nuts that are locked to keep him out of the rotation is with flat
metal lock, usually made of soft metal, although there are a couple of hard metal. One common
usage of metal locker is to lock the wheel bolt style, locker lock placed under the head of the bolt.
Locker lock had skewed the ear opposite to the one of the flat-headed bolt using a chisel cutter or
hole

Figure 2.26 Flat Metal Lock

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2.4 Welding

Welding is a process to connect, close, or coat the metal by means of melt metal
surface by using a heat source, heat source used to melt the metal for electricity
derived from spliced or gas. The job weld can be done well if supported using a
good welding equipment and skill which qualified.

2.4.1 part of welding

1. pedal weld point

Figure 2.27 pedal weld point

Pedal point welding one type of welding by using electricity by means of a plate will be attached by
welding point hit each other at the time that an electric current is applied so that the surface material
will cause heat and melt.
2. portable weld point

Figure 2.28 portable weld point

Portable point welding machine is very practical because it is lightweight. For electrodes
of the welding point portable is the same as a pedal point, namely welding copper easy special

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deliver electricity and impervious to the heat generated this type of welding is generally not equipped
by water cooling hoses
Since conducting arm limited in length, then the capacity of the pengelasannya under 1.2
mm with a maximum of five times of welding for a minute. If this is violated then the welding
machine can be heat then causes las damaged.

3. electric weld
The welding is done by converting electricity into heat and will be able to melt the objects
that will be dialled, which arc would be associated in the electrode. The temperature at the time of
pengelasannya can reach 5000oC with a large voltage between 55-85 volts. Electric welding using
the power source to the current listik menghsilkan issued through the ends of the electrodes. Electric
welding machine welding differentiated into alternating current (AC) and direct current welders
(DC).
On the AC welding machines, electrical voltage needed has not been in accordance with the required
voltage at the time of welding. While at DC welding machine producing direct current that gives
advantages on the DC welding machine can use various types of electrodes, lights up the resulting
relatively stable and can be used for welding on thin plate.

2.4.2 equipment electric weld

In doing the welding processes, in addition to welding machine the welding work process
must also be supported by other equipment including:

1. Welding Cable
Welding cable serves as a siphon electricity from power source heading machines, or
also from the engine to the electrode holder. Use welding cable should be adjusted to
the maximum capacity of the welding machine. Electricity used for welding equipment
ranges from 100-500A
2. Electrode Holder
Electrode holder should be made using materials conducting electrical current which
is good, because it serves as an electrode clamp and simultaneously delivers power to
the electrode. The handle part of the electrode holder should be coated by tahann
rubber against electricity and heat as well as ebornit.
3. Tang Mass
Tang mass connected by cable to an electrical current to flow objects. Tang mass
must be fastened on object or a clean Workbench. The bonds are not strong would
cause sparks and heat will clamp and attached to the object.
4. Electrode
An important component in electric welding is the electrode, which will continue to
melt at the time welding and finally runs out. Electrode has many types.

2.4.3 Safety Work

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 In the work, safety is the most high esteem because of that we must be careful in working
here are supporting the Salvation work in the area of welding workshop :
1. Light welding
During the weld will arise a very bright light and could harm the workers, if the resulting light is too
strong then it will damage the eye. Ultraviolet light is also on the light generated from welding
processes. If the eyes are exposed to ultraviolet rays will make the eyes become ill as there are
objects in the eye Besides withy ultraviolet, infrared rays, the rays could make a swollen eyelid.
2. fire
To prevent the occurrence of fires should be sure the area is free of mengeles when paper or other
flammable materials.
Safety work

As the prevention of accidents of work preferably should be supported with a tool that is intended
as a complementary safety in work:
1. Welding Helmet
Welding helmet is used to protect the face while eyes from exposure to light, heat, radiation and
welding sparks.
2. Gloves
Gloves used as protective hands from heat and sparks.

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 CHAPTER 3

CLOSED

3.1. Conclusion

From the explanation above, the authors can conclude that in the field of mechanical

already we ought to recognize the name, how to use, and the type of tools, in order to increase the

knowledge and can grow in the activity in the area of the workshop.

3.2. Suggestion

Sebagai mekanik hendaknya harus menambah pengetahuan tentang penggunaan tools.

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 Bibliography

Daryanto. 2007. Alat Pengikat pada Elemen Mesin. Jakarta: PT. Bina Adikarsa.

Maran, Zevy D. 2007. Peralatan Bengkel Otomotif. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

Laughlin, Nina M. 2015. Hammer Head (The Making of a Carpenter). New York. W.W. Northon &
Company

Novriza. 2012. Menggunakan Peralatan dan Perlengkapan di Tempat Kerja. Vol 1, August 2012.
Diambil dari: http//novrizalbinmuslim.files.wordpress.com (23 august 2017).

Gagic, Milena S., Solski Center Ravne, Visja Strokovna Sola. 2009. English for Mechanical Engineering
Gradivo za 1. Lenik. Ljubjana. Konzorzij Visjih Sol Za Izvedbo Projecta IMPETUM

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