Radial Turbines Problem Set # 2

MEE 304 Turbomachines

Lecture 25
Dr. Y. Mukkamala
 P 13.10 (S.M. Yahya): A single stage ninety degree IFR turbine fitted with an
exhaust diffuser has the following data :
Overall stage pressure ratio 4.0
Temperature at entry 557 K
Diffuser exit pressure 1 bar
Mass flow rate of air 6.5 kg/s
Flow coefficient 0.3
Rotor tip diameter 42 cm
Mean diameter at Rotor exit 21 cm
Speed 18000 rpm
Enthalpy losses in the nozzles and the rest of the stage are equal. Assuming
negligible velocities at the nozzle entry and diffuser exit, determine : (a) the
nozzle exit air angle (b) the rotor width at the entry (c ) the power developed
(d) the stage efficiency (e) the rotor blade height at the exit (f) Mach
numbers at nozzle and rotor (relative) exits and (g) the nozzle and rotor loss
coefficients.

 Soln. Ninety Degree IFR

Nozzle
1

V2
Vr2 = v2 2
2

2
u
Rotor

Vr3 = V3 v3
3 3

u3

Diffuser
4
 Given : p01/p3 = 4.0, T01 = 557 K, p4 = 1 bar, m = 6.5 kg/s,
2 = 0.3, dt = d2 = 42 cm, dm3 = 21 cm, N = 18000 rpm.

Inlet Triangle Exit Triangle

V2 Vr3 = V3 v3
Vr2 = v2
2 3

u2 u3
 Vr2
2 0.3
u2
From the inlet velocity triangle
Vr2
tan 2 0.3
u2
2 16.7 (Ans.)
Blade Speed
dt N 0.42 18000
u2 395.8 m/s
60 60
Similarly
d3 N 0.21 18000
u3 197.92 m/s
60 60
Vr2 0.3 u2 0.3 395.8 118.74 m/s
V2 Vr22 u22 118.742 395.82 413.23 m/s
v3 Vr23 u32 118.742 197.922 230.81 m/s
A s s u m in g n o h e a t lo s s e s i n t h e n o z z le
V 22
T01 T02 5 5 7 = T2
2cp
4 1 3 .2 3 2
5 5 7 = T2
2 1005
T2 4 7 2 K

W o rk d o n e
V 2 = u 2 ; V 3 0
u 22 c p ( T 0 2 T 0 3 )
4 1 3 .2 3 2 1 1 8 .7 4 2
3 9 5 .8 2 1 00 5 [(4 72 ) ( T3 )]
2 1005 2 1005
3 9 5 .8 2
[ 4 7 2 7 9 .9 4 T 3 ]
1005
T 3 3 9 4 .1 1 K
V 32 1 1 8 .7 5 2
T03 T3 3 9 4 .1 1 +
2cp 2 1005
T 0 3 4 0 1 .1 1 K
Diffuser Exit Pressure
p 4 p 04 =1 bar [Since V4 0 m/s]
Assuming no pressure losses in the diffuser [i.e., D 100%]
p03 p04
Assuming incompressible flow
3V32 p3
p 03 p3 p3 118.742
2 2 287 394.11
p 3 = 0.94 bar

p T
03 ( 03 ) 1
p3 T3 s
1 401.11 3.5
( )
0.89 T3 s
T3 s 387.96 K
p3 0.94 1.01325 105
3 0.842 kg/m3
RT3 287 394.11
6.5
b3 9.85 cm
0.842 118.75 0.21
 p 01
Since 4.0
p3
p01 p02 4.0 0.94 3.76 bar.
-1
p T
( 02 ) 02 . p 02 p3 4 3.76 bar
p3 T3s
557
(4)0.287 [T01 T02 ]
T3s
T3s 374.17 K
V22 413.232
T2 557 557 472 K
2cp 2 1005
Equal enthalpy loss in nozzle and rotor.
h 2 h 2s h 3 h 3s
T2 T2s T3 T3s
472 - T2s 394 374.17
T2s 452.17 K
-1
p T
( 02 ) 02 p 2 1.812 bar
p2 T2s
p2
2 1.355 kg/m3
RT2
6.5
b2
1.355 118.75 ( 0.42)
b 2 3.05 cm (Ans.)
Mach Numbers
V2 413.23
M2 0.9488
RT2 1.4 287 472
Similarly
v3 230.81
M 3, rel 0.58 (Ans.)
RT3 1.4 287 394.11
 .
Power = m u22 6.5 (395.82 )
Power = 1018.27 kW
Stage Efficiency
T02 T03
st
T02 T03s
1
p 02 T02
( ) ( )
p 03 T03s
3.76 0.287 557
( ) ( )
1 T03s
T03s 380.9 K
557 401.11 155.89
st 88.52%
557 380.9 176.1