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Re-Os geochronology of porphyry molybdenum

deposit in south segment of Da Hinggan
Mountains, Northeast China

Article in Journal of Earth Science August 2010

DOI: 10.1007/s12583-010-0102-4

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Journal of Earth Science, Vol. 21, No. 4, p. 392401, August 2010 ISSN 1674-487X
Printed in China
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-010-0102-4

Re-Os Geochronology of Porphyry Molybdenum

Deposit in South Segment of Da Hinggan
Mountains, Northeast China

Zeng Qingdong* (), Liu Jianming (), Zhang Zuolun ()

Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100029, China

ABSTRACT: The ages for porphyry Mo deposits in south segment of Da Hinggan Mountains, North-
east China, are not well known. Five molybdenite samples from the Aolunhua () porphyry Mo
deposit, five molybdenite samples from the Yangchang () porphyry-quartz vein Mo deposit and
two molybdenite samples from the Banlashan () porphyry Mo deposit were selected for Re-Os
dating. Three deposits are spatial-temporally associated with the granite porphyry stock. Re-Os
isochron age of 131.21.9 Ma was obtained for the Aolunhua porphyry Mo deposit. The Yangchang Mo
deposit provides isochron age of 138.54.5 Ma for two groups of molybdenite (within porphyry ore and
within quartz vein). The Banlashan porphyry Mo deposit provides model ages of 140.52.4 and 1432.2
Ma. All of these Re-Os ages are consistent presumed Yanshanian ages for granite intrusions, formed in
crust thinning setting in Cretaceous in North China.
KEY WORDS: molybdenite, Re-Os dating, south segment of Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China.

INTRODUCTION
Dating sulfide mineralization is of critical im-
portance in establishing the age and duration of eco-
nomic mineralization in ore deposits and metallogenic
provinces (Stein et al., 1998, 1997). In recent years,
the precise and accurate age determinations of sulfide
mineralization have been made in molybdenite. Re-Os
dating of molybdenite is a well-established method for
obtaining ages for intrusion-associated mineralization
(e.g., Valencia et al., 2006; Masterman et al., 2004;
This study was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No. 40972065).
*Corresponding author: zengqingdong@mail.igcas.ac.cn
China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg 2010
Manuscript received January 22, 2010.
Manuscript accepted April 15, 2010.
Barra et al., 2003; Selby et al., 2003; Mao et al., 2002,
1999; Selby and Creaser, 2001; Stein et al., 2001,
1998, 1997; Watanabe and Stein, 2000; Markey et al.,
1998; Suzuki et al., 1996).
The Aolunhua porphyry Mo deposit, Banlashan
porphyry Mo deposit, and Yangchang porphyry-quartz
vein Mo deposit occur at the Hercynian fold belt of
south segment of Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast
China (Fig. 1). The deposits have been explored and
mined in recent years: the Aolunhua deposit and the
Yangchang deposit were discovered in 2005, and the
Banashan deposit was discovered in 2006. Their met-
allogenic ages are not well known, but have been in-
ferred as Yanshanian (Zeng et al., 2009a, b). We have
sampled molybdenite from the Aolunhua porphyry Mo
deposit, the Banlashan porphyry Mo deposit and the
Yangchang porphyry-quartz vein Mo deposit for
Re-Os dating in order to determine the age of miner-
alization.
Re-Os Geochronology of Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit in South Segment of Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China
GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
The Aolunhua Mo deposit, the Banlashan Mo
deposit and the Yangchang Mo deposit occur within
the Hercynian fold belt of south segment of the Da
Hinggan Mountains mineral province (DHMP),
Northeast China (Fig. 1). The DHMP is one of the
important metallogenic belts of China; it is composed
of the Siberia plate, the North China plate and the
Mesozoic volcanic belt. Siberia and North China
plates are bounded by the Erlian-Hegenshan fault (Li,
1996; Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1991; Shao,
1991) (Fig. 1). The DHMP is overlain by the Meso-
zoic volcanics, volcano plutonic and sedimentary
Figure 1. Distribution of the Mo deposits in Da
Hinggan Mountains mineral province (adapted
from Zeng et al., 2009a). F1. Xilamulun River fault;
F2. Erlian-Hegenshan fault; F3. Derbugan fault;
F4. Nenjiang fault; M1. Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Sn-Fe-Mo
metallogenic belt of the south segment of DHMP;
M2. Cu-Mo-Fe-Pb-Zn-Au metallogenic belt of the
north segment of DHMP; M3. Erguna Cu-Pb-Zn-
Ag-Mo-Au metallogenic belt; M4. Xilamulun Mo-
Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag metallogenic belt. Mo deposit: .
Aolunhua; . Banlashan; . Yangchang; .
Wunugetushan; . Badaguan; . Duobaoshan; .
Tongshan.
393
rocks of the Da Hinggan Mountains volcanic belt. The
DHMP is divided into three main structural belts
separated by regional faults: (1) Erguna fold belt, (2)
Hercynian fold belt of north segment of the DHMP,
and (3) Hercynian fold belt of the south segment of
the DHMP (Fig. 1). The DHMP is divided into four
metallogenic belts based on its geological setting:
Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Sn-Fe-Mo metallogenic belt of the
south segment of DHMP (M1), Cu-Mo-Fe-Pb-Zn-Au
metallogenic belt of the north segment of DHMP (M2),
Erguna Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Mo-Au metallogenic belt (M3),
and Xilamulun Mo-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag metallogenic belt
(M4) (Fig. 1). Some typical metal deposits in the four
metallogenic belts are described by Zhao and Zhang
(1997), Li et al. (1994), L et al. (2000) and Zeng et al.
(2009a, b). Most of the typical porphyry Cu-Mo or
Mo-Cu deposits in DHMP had been studied (Nie et al.,
2004; Qin et al., 1999; Zhao et al., 1997).
The Hercynian fold belt of the south segment of
the DHMP is limited by the Erlian-Hegenshan fault in
the north and the Xilamulun River fault in the south. It
is composed of DevonianCarboniferous ophiolitic
mlange, Permian carbonate formation and clastic
sediment formation. The DevonianCarboniferous
ophiolitic mlange distributes along the Erlian-
Hegenshan fault. The ophiolites are mainly composed
of meta-peridotites (schillerfels and dunite), gabbros
and meta-basalts, and radiolarian-bearing silica rock
intercalated bed (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Re-
sources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1991).
The Permian strata are well developed in the area, and
the whole unit is bordered by the Xilamulun River
fault and the north margin Caledonian fold belt of
North China craton. Permian rocks include in the up-
ward order (Li, 1996; Bureau of Geology and Mineral
Resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,
1991; Shao, 1991): (1) the Lower Permian Qingfeng-
shan Formation: graywake and siltstone with tuf-
faceous intercalation, (2) the Lower Permian Dashiz-
hai Formation: submarine lava and tuff (principally
andesitic, secondly felsic and basaltic) with sandstone,
characterized by very strong facies change, (3) the
Lower Permian Huanggangliang Formation: mix-
bedded sandstone/slate with limestone (now marble)
and tuffite, and (4) the Upper Permian Linxi Forma-
tion: terrestrial sandstone, siltstone and mudstone with
394 Zeng Qingdong, Liu Jianming and Zhang Zuolun

tuffaceous intercalation. Because of the complex to-

pography with alternative troughs and ridges, the
Permian rocks are characterized by strong lateral and
vertical facies changes, with different kinds of con-
tacts between the formations (conformity, discon-
formity and angular unconformity) (Li, 1996; Bureau
of Geology and Mineral Resources of Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region, 1991).
The Mesozoic volcanic rocks are mainly
intermediate-felsic, while the intrusive rocks are
mainly granite, granodiorite and granite-porphyry
which emplaced in the shape of batholith, stock, off-
shoot and dyke. The fluviolacustrine sediment rocks
and coal bed also appear in the Mesozoic basins. The
volcanic basins and intrusive bodies are controlled by
Figure 2. Geological map of Aolunhua deposit
the faults. Mesozoic intrusive rocks can be divided
(simplified from Aolunhua Mining Corporation,
into three stages of intrusive rocks (Ge et al., 2005):
Chifeng, written communication, 2007).
Middle to Late Triassic granites (zircon U-Pb age:
235225 Ma), Yanshanian granites including Early to
quartz veinlets (Figs. 3a, 3b). The host rocks are
Middle Jurassic granites (zircon U-Pb age: 182175
strongly altered. The alterations are silification, potas-
Ma) and Early Cretaceous granites (zircon U-Pb age:
sic, illitization and chloritization.
140125 Ma). The mineralization related to early
Fine-grained molybdenite (0.010.15 mm) com-
Yanshanian granites includes Cu, Pb-Zn-Ag, Fe, and
monly occurs as aggregates of banded flakes in the
W, whereas those related to late Yanshanian granites
ore-bearing quartz veinlets, and as disseminated flakes
are mainly epithermal Pb-Zn-Ag, Au (Ag), and
in granite porphyry. Five samples of molybdenite were
Mo-Cu mineralization.
taken for Re-Os dating. All molybdenites are sampled
from the ore-bearing quartz veinlets in the granite
CHARACTERISTICS OF Mo DEPOSITS AND
porphyry.
SAMPLING
Aolunhua Porphyry Mo Deposit
Banlashan Porphyry Mo Deposit
The stockwork of quartz-molybdenite veinlets is
The Banlashan deposit, discovered in 2006, is
temporally and spatially related to the Aolunhua
located at the south Aolunhua deposit (Fig. 1). It is
plagioclase-granite porphyry stock (Fig. 2). The stock
being explored now. The controlled reserve is larger
intrudes the Permian slate. It was explored from
than 5 000 t Mo with grade of 0.1%. The deposit is
20062007 and has a reserve of about 78 000 t Mo
hosted by the Late Jurassic volcanics and was intruded
with grade of 0.06% (Aolunhua Mining Corporation,
by diorite porphyrite, granodiorite and granite por-
Chifeng, written communication, 2007). The acreage
phyry (Fig. 4). The Jurassic volcanic rocks contain
of the stock is about 1.2 km2 at the surface. The
tuff, breccia tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, rhyolite, rhyo-
stockwork of ore-bearing quartz veinlets can be traced
lite porphyry and breccia lava.
to a depth of 29470 m. The stockwork Mo minerali-
The length of the Mo mineralization zone is lar-
zation (dense network of ore-bearing quartz veins) is
ger than 500 m, and width exposed at the surface is
hosted both in the granite porphyry and in the exo-
300 m (Fig. 4). There are two styles of mineralization
contact hornfels zone. Around 90% of ores are hosted
in the Banlashan deposit; they are breccia and veinlet
in the granite porphyry rocks and 10% in the exocon-
mineralization. Around 90% of ores are hosted in the
tact hornfels zone. The mineralization appears in the
cryptoexplosive breccia and 10% in the lateral shatter
network of thin molybdenite- and pyrite-bearing
belt of cryptoexplosive breccia. The breccia ore
Re-Os Geochronology of Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit in South Segment of Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China 395

Figure 3. Ore photos of the Mo deposits in the south segment of Da Hinggan Mountains. (a), (b) Veinlet ores
(Aolunhua deposit); (c) breccia ore; (d) veinlet ore (Banlashan deposit); (e) breccia; (f) veined ore (Yang-
chang deposit). Mo. molybdenite; Py. pyrite; Cp. chalcopyrite; Qv. quartz vein; Pgp. plagioclase granite
porphyry; Gp. granite porphyry; Gr. granite.

appears at depth of 2040 m. The host rocks are
strongly altered; the alteration includes silicification,
sericitiztion and chloritization.
Fine-grained and crystal-powder molybdenite
commonly occurs as cements of the breccia in the ores
(Figs. 3c, 3d). Both molybdenite and pyrite are con-
centrated in the cements of the breccia. We chose two
samples of molybdenite for Re-Os dating.
Yangchang Mo Porphyry-Quartz Vein Deposit
The Yangchang deposit is located at the south-
west Banlashan deposit (Fig. 1). It is discovered in
2005 and being explored. Mo mineralization occurs
within the quartz veins and cryptoexplosive breccia
396
Figure 4. Geological map of Banlashan Mo deposit
(simplified from Tianshan Mo Mining Corporation,
Chifeng, written communication, 2008). 1. Qua-
ternary; 2. diorite porphyrite; 3. granite porphyry;
4. the scale of the buried Mo ore body (Mo<0.06%,
generally 0.02%0.04%); 5. Late Jurassic volcanics;
6. granodiorite; 7. the projected location of samples;
8. the projected location of Mo orebody
(Mo>0.06%).
pipe (Figs. 3e, 3f). The host rocks of quartz veins and
breccia pipe are granite.
The deposit is composed of breccia ore body, two
major veins (Qv1 and Qv2) and small ore-bearing
quartz veins. The veins are controlled by NNW-
striking faults (Fig. 5). The most important one among
the N15W striking veins is Qv1 vein, which is 500 m
long and 0.31.8 m thick. It has been traced 80 m at
depth and consists of quartz, molybdenite, chalcopy-
rite, galena and pyrite. The average grade of Qv1 vein
is 0.13% Mo and 1.22% Cu. The Qv2 vein has also
been traced for a distance of 500 m along strike. The
thickness of veins ranges from 0.2 to 1.5 m. Mo grade
is mainly between 0.05% and 0.2%. According to the
measurement of geophysical exploration, the vertical
extent of Qv1 vein is larger than 400 m (Guoying
Mining, written communication, 2006). The breccia
ore occurs within the cryptoexplosive pipe. The acre-
age of the ellipse pipe is about 0.06 km2 (300 m200
m). The grade of breccia ore varies from 0.04% to
0.4% Mo, and 0.1% to 0.3% Cu. The vertical extent of
the breccia pipe is also larger than 400 m (Guoying
Mining, written communication, 2006). The alteration
includes silification, sericitization, chloritization, fluo-
ritization and kaolinization. The kaolinization appears
Zeng Qingdong, Liu Jianming and Zhang Zuolun
Figure 5. Geological map of Yangchang Mo de-
posit.
mainly in the breccia pipe.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
Re-Os isotope analyses were made in the Re-Os
Laboratory, National Research Center of Geoanalysis,
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The
chemical separation procedure was described by Du et
al. (2001, 1995), Shirey and Walker (1995), Stein et al.
(1998), and Mao et al. (1999). A brief description is
given below.
A carius tube (a thick-walled borosilicate glass
ampoule) digestion was used. The weighted sample
was loaded in a carius tube through a thin-neck long
funnel. The mixed 190Os and 185Re spike solutions and
2 mL of 10 mol HCl, 4 mL of 16 mol HNO3 were
loaded, while the bottom part of the tube was frozen at
-80 to -50 in an ethanol-liquid nitrogen slush. The
top was sealed using an oxygen-propane torch. The
tube was then placed in a stainless-steel jacket and
heated for 24 h at 200 . Upon cooling, the bottom
part of the tube was kept frozen, the neck of the tube
was broken, the contents of the tube were poured into
a distillation flask and the residue was washed out
with 40 mL of water.
Separation of Os by distillation and separation of
Re by extraction was performed based on the analyti-
cal method from Du et al. (2001, 1995). A TJA
X-series ICPMS was used for the determination of the
Re-Os Geochronology of Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit in South Segment of Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China 397

Re and Os isotope ratio.

Average blanks for the total carius tube procedure
were ca. 10 pg Re and ca. 1 pg Os. The analytical re-
liability was tested by repeated analyses of molyb-
denite standard JDC from Jinduncheng porphyry Mo
deposit, Shanxi Province, China. The uncertainty of
the contents of Re and Os includes weighing error of
sample and diluent, calibration error of diluent, frac-
tionation correction error of mass spectrum measure-
ment and isotopic ratio measurement error of awaiting
test sample. The confidence level is 95%; the uncer-
tainty of the model age includes the uncertainty
(1.02%) of the decay constant in confidence level
(95%). The averaged Re-Os age for JDC is 139.63.8
Ma (95% confidence limit). The averaged Re concen-
tration is 17.390.32 g/g. The averaged Os concen-
tration is 25.460.6 ng/g.

RESULTS
The Re-Os analytical results of 12 molybdenite
samples from the Aolunhua porphyry Mo deposit,
Banlashan porphyry Mo deposit and the Yangchang
porphyry-quartz vein Mo deposit are listed in Table 1.
Five samples from the Aolunhua porphyry Mo deposit
defined an isochron age of 131.21.9 Ma with an ini-
tial 187Os of 0.130.46 ng/g (MSWD=1.6) (Fig. 6a).
Figure 6. Re-Os isochron plot for molybdenite
Model ages for ore samples range from 130133 Ma
samples from the Aolunhua porphyry Mo deposit
(Table 1). Five molybdenites from the Yangchang
(a) and Yangchang porphyry-quartz vein Mo de-
porphyry-quartz vein type Mo deposit yielded an
posit (b) in the southern segment of Da Hinggan
isochron age of 134.85.1 Ma with an initial 187Os of
Mountains.
0.270.58 ng/g (MSWD= 4.7) (Fig. 6b). Model ages
range from 134140 Ma (Table 1). The model ages of
to I type and to S type granite-related deposits. Stein
two molybdenites from the Banlashan porphyry Mo
et al. (2001) also suggested that deposits with a mantle
deposit are 140.52.4 Ma and 143.02.2 Ma, respec-
component to their derivation could have significantly
tively (Table 1).
higher Re contents than those deposits that are derived
from the crust. The Re data of the molybdenites from
DISCUSSION
the Aolunhua porphyry Mo deposit, Banlashan por-
Rhenium Concentrations in Molybdenite
phyry Mo deposit and the Yangchang porphyry-quartz
The Re content in molybdenite from the Aolun-
type Mo deposit (Table 1) suggest that these Mo de-
hua, Banlashan and Yangchang Mo deposits is consis-
posits could have a crustal origin.
tent with many other deposits discovered in China and
elsewhere in the world (Table 2). Rhenium contents in
Age of Mineralization and Its Geological Signifi-
molybdenites vary greatly (Terada et al., 1971;
cance
Fleischer, 1960). Mao et al. (1999) suggested that the
The Re-Os geochronometer of molybdenite has
Re contents of molybdenite could reflect the source of
been demonstrated to be remarkably effective, even in
the deposits with Re content decreasing from mantle
situations where metamorphism and deformation
398 Zeng Qingdong, Liu Jianming and Zhang Zuolun

Table 1 Re-Os isotope data for molybdenite samples from the porphyry Mo deposits in
southern segment of Da Hinggan Mountains

Re 187 187
Model age
Sample Weight (g) Brief sample description Re (g/g) Os (ng/g)
(g/g) (Ma)
Aolunhua Con. Un. Con. Un.
ZA-1 0.050 14 Single disseminated Mo grain 21.97 13.81 0.11 30.21 0.24 131.2 (1.8)
ZA-2 0.050 48 MoPy+Qz vein, V2 ore body 79.81 50.16 0.40 109.5 0.9 130.9 (1.8)
ZA-3 0.050 78 Single disseminated Mo grain, V2 19.77 12.43 0.12 27.23 0.23 131.4 (2.0)
ore body
ZA-4 0.050 22 Single disseminated Mo grain, V1 19.52 12.27 0.09 26.88 0.21 131.4 (1.8)
ore body
ZA-5 0.051 78 Single disseminated Mo grain, V1 29.67 18.65 0.16 41.38 0.34 133.1 (1.9)
ore body
Yangchang
Y-1 0.052 62 V2 quartz ore body 4.108 2.582 0.022 5.978 0.051 138.8 (2.0)
Y-2 0.050 46 V1 quartz ore body 11.12 6.989 0.062 16.05 0.13 137.7 (2.0)
Y-3 0.050 28 V1 quartz ore body 11.86 7.455 0.075 17.11 0.14 137.6 (2.1)
Y-4 0.050 60 V1 quartz ore body 10.85 6.819 0.058 15.93 0.13 140.0 (2.0)
Y-5 0.050 88 Breccia ore 20.24 12.72 0.11 28.54 0.24 134.5 (2.2)
Banlashan
ZB-1 0.050 36 Breccia ore (Mo) 1.054 0.663 0.008 1.553 0.015 140.5 (2.4)
ZB-2 0.050 05 Breccia ore (Mo) 1.291 0.811 0.008 1.935 0.016 143.0 (2.2)

Enriched 190Os and 185Re were obtained from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Decay constant: 187Re=1.66610-11 a-1 (Smoliar et
al., 1996). The uncertainty of the contents of Re and Os includes weighing error of sample and diluent, calibration error of diluent,
fractionation correction error of mass spectrum measurement and isotopic ratio measurement error of awaiting test sample. The con-
fidence level is 95%, uncertainty of the model age includes the uncertainty (1.02%) of the decay constant in confidence level (95%).
The concentrations of common Os in molybdenite were determined as lower than 0.02 ng/g and can be ignored. Model ages for the
187
deposit were calculated by assuming that the initial abundance of Os is zero. The numbers within the brackets in the table are
measurement errors, and correspond to the last digit of analytical data in front of the brackets. Con. concentration; Un. uncertainty.

Table 2 Re content in molybdenites from some Mo-rich porphyry deposits

Deposit Metals Re (g/g) Re-Os model age (Ma) Reference

Aolunhua, Inner Mongolia of China Mo 1979 130133 This article
Banlashan, Inner Mongolia of China Mo 1.051.29 140143 This article
Yangchang, Inner Mongolia of China Mo 420 134140 This article
Jinduncheng, Shanxi of China Mo 1320 129139 Huang and Du, 1994
Yangjiazhangzi, Liaoning of China Mo 3161 187191 Wu and Zou, 1997; Huang et al., 1996
Nannihu, Henan of China Mo-W 22131 146156 Wu and Zou, 1997
Shameika, Russia Mo 6.036.9 272285 Mao et al., 2002
Sora, Kuznetsk Alatau, Russia Mo-Cu 14 Berzina et al., 2005
Shakhtama,eastern Transbaikalia,Russia Mo-Cu 19 Berzina et al., 2005
Zhireken, eastern Transbaikalia, Russia Mo-Cu 26 Berzina et al., 2005
Climax, USA Mo 11 Huang and Du, 1994
Henderson, USA Mo 7 Huang and Du, 1994
Re-Os Geochronology of Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit in South Segment of Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China 399

of the regional plutons, suggesting a genetic link be-

overprint (Stein et al., 1998). If molybdenite does not
tween molybdenum mineralization and these granitic
contain any initial or common Os, all measured Os is
bodies. So that, except the Jurassic and Paleozoic
monoisotopic (187Os) as the product of 187Re decay,
granitic magmatic activities, the late Yanshanian
and the isochron age then represents the depositional
(Cretaceous) granitic magmatic activities in the south
age of molybdenite (Barra et al., 2003; Brenan et al.,
segment of DHMP could form economic molybdenum
2000; Suzuki et al., 1996). For the Aolunhua Mo de-
mineralization, and indicate that Cretaceous period is
posit, the analysis of five molybdenite samples yielded
an important Mo mineralization epoch in DHMP,
an isochron age of 131.21.9 Ma with an initial 187Os
Northeast China.
of 0.130.46 ng/g. For the Yangchang Mo deposit, the
analysis of five molybdenite samples yielded an
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
isochron age of 134.85.1 Ma with an initial 187Os of
We thank Alukeerqinqi and Balinyouqi Bureau of
0.270.58 ng/g. The model ages of two molybdenites
Land Resources, Chifeng, for their help in field work.
from the Banlashan porphyry Mo deposit are
This study was financially supported by the National
140.52.4 Ma and 143.02.2 Ma. This shows that the
Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40972065).
initial 187Os values from the molybdenite samples
We also thank Dr. Qu Wenjun, from National Re-
were close to zero, and the Re-Os isochron ages re-
search Center of Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of
flect the time of sulfide deposition. It is the later Mo
Geological Sciences, for the Re-Os isotope analyses.
mineralization in DHMP. The Wunugetushan por-
phyry Mo-Cu deposit in Erguna metallogenic belt of
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