Power from a petrol or diesel reciprocating engine transfers its power in the

form of torque and angular speed to the propelling wheels of the vehicle to
produce motion. The object of the gearbox is to enable the engine's turning effect
and its rotational speed output to be adjusted by choosing a range of under- and
overdrive gear ratios so that the vehicle responds to the driver's requirements
within the limits of the various road conditions. An insight of the forces opposing
vehicle motion and engine performance characteristics which provide the
background to the need for a wide range of gearbox designs used for different
vehicle applications will now be considered.

Puterea de la un motor pe benzin sau motorin transfer puterea sub form de

cuplu i vitez unghiular pe roile de propulsie ale vehiculului pentru a produce
micarea. Obiectivul cutiei de viteze este s permit reglarea efectului de rotire a
motorului i al rotaie lui, prin alegerea unui interval de rapoarte de transmisie
sub i peste, astfel nct vehiculul s rspund cerinelor conductorului auto n
diferite condiii de drum. O perspectiv a forelor care se opun micrii vehiculului
i a caracteristicilor performanei motorului, care ofer fundalul nevoii unei game
largi de modele de cutii de viteze utilizate pentru diferite aplicaii ale vehiculelor
vor fi acum considerate.
 Power is needed to counteract the tractive resistance created by the vehicle
moving through the air. This is caused by air being pushed aside and the
formation of turbu- lence over the contour of the vehicle's body. It has been
found that the air resistance opposing force and air resistance power increase
with the square and cube of the vehicle's speed respectively. Thus at very low
vehicle speeds air resistance is insignifi- cant, but it becomes predominant in the
upper speed range. Influencing factors which determine the amount of air
resistance are frontal area of vehicle, vehicle speed, shape and streamlining of
body and the wind speed and direction.

Puterea este necesar pentru a contracara rezistena de traciune creat de

vehiculul care se deplaseaz prin aer. Acest lucru se datoreaz faptului c aerul
este mpins deoparte i formeaza turbulene peste caroseria autovehiculului. S-a
constatat c rezistena aerului i puterea de rezisten a aerului cresc cu ptratul
i cubul vitezei vehiculului respectiv. Astfel, la viteze foarte sczute alea
autovehiculului, rezistena aerului este insignifiant, dar devine predominant n
intervalul de vitez superior. Factorii care influeneaz cantitatea de rezisten la
aer sunt suprafaa frontal a vehiculului, viteza autovehiculului, forma i linia
aerodinamic a corpului i direcia vntului.
Road resistance is expressed as tractive resistance (kN). The propelling thrust at
the tyre to road interface needed to overcome this resistance is known as tractive
effect (kN) .For match- ing engine power output capacity to the opposing road
resistance it is sometimes more convenient to express the opposing resistance to
motion in terms of road resistance power.

Rezistena la rulare este exprimat ca rezisten la traciune (kN). Fora de

propulsie de la nivelul anvelopei la sosea este trebuie sa fie mai mare aceasta
rezistenta este cunoscut ca efect de traciune (kN). Pentru a se potrivi
capacitatea puterii motorului cu rezistena opus a drumului, este uneori mai
convenabil s se exprime rezistena opus micrii, n ceea ce privete puterea de
rezisten a soselei.