2. 2. According to Freud, during what stage does the superego emerge?

Genital

Oral

Phallic

Anal

3. 3. Attributing ones own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else is called what?

Reaction formation

Projection

Displacement

Sublimation

4. 4. What is the part of the personality that compels people to act in perfect accordance with moral
ideals?

The id

The superego

The pleasure principle

The reality principle

5. 5. Which theorist focused on the importance of the self-concept in personality?

Carl Rogers

Alfred Adler

Walter Mischel

Hans Eysenck

6. 6. Which one of the following statements about humanistic theories is false?

They do not provide insight into the evil side of human nature

They are biased because they are based on individualistic values

They are based on studies of people with psychological disorders

They are difficult to test empirically

7. 7. Studies of temperament provide evidence for which of the following?

The concept of congruence

Maslows concept of the self-actualizing person

Sublimation

Genetic contributions to personality

8. 8. When he was young, Gregs father was consistently promoted at work for his diligence. Greg saw
this and learned to be a conscientious worker himself. This fact could most easily provide evidence for
whose theory of personality?

Sigmund Freud

Albert Bandura

Abraham Maslow

Hans Eysenck

9. 9. What is an advantage of projective personality tests?

Different people would score them the same way

They are very reliable

They are not transparent to the subject

They have lie scales that indicate whether subjects are being deceptive

10. 10. Which of Jungs beliefs differed from Freuds theories?

Everyone has a collective unconscious

The unconscious is important in shaping personality

The main motivation for behavior is a striving for superiority

Behavior depends on the consequences that follow it

Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis which is ________________. Freud's theory rested on the
assumption that everyone possesses a finite amount of ____ energy which motivates people to act. This
energy is produced by two main types of instinct: ___ and _______. Re-direction of a person's energy
represents ________.

both a theory and therapeutic approach, psychic, libido, thanatos, personality change.

a therapeutic approach, kinetic, abstract, concrete, psychopathology

both a theory and therapeutic approach, kinetic, abstract, concrete, psychopathology.

 a therapeutic approach, psychic, libido, thanatos, personality change.

What name did Freud give to his model of the mind which comprised the Id, Ego and Superego?

Structural model

Topographical model

Unconscious model

Genetic model

According to Freud, Displacement, Sublimation and Projection are all types of what?

Psychosocial stage of development

Neurotic need

Defence mechanism

Psychosexual stage of development

Freud ascribed to the notion of psychic deterministm, which had an important influence on his theories
of personality and approach to therapy. To what does this term refer?

The belief that all things happen for a reason

The belief that the human mind is capable of telepathy

The belief that believing in an event will make it happen

The belief that consciousness determines the development of personality

Which of the following is a technique Freud used in therapy?

 Projective techniques

Dream analysis

Free association

All of these

According to Freud, what was the consequence of the physical inability of women to overcome penis
envy and the reason their personality would never fully develop?

Their superego could never fully develop

Their id could never fully develop

Their ego could never fully develop

All of the above

Which of the following are criticisms of Freud's theories of personality?

Freud's theories often ignore the role of relationships in personality development

Personality is viewed as being fixed in early childhood, which does not take into account
adolescence or adulthood

Freud's theories are often vague and untestable

All of the above

Which of the following Neo-Freudians proposed the "inferiority complex" which refers to the situation in
which an individual becomes fixated on what they perceive to be their flaws or inferiorities?

Jung
Adler
Horney
Erikson
Which of the following is not one of the psychosocial stages of development proposed by Erikson?

Middle Adulthood
Infancy
Kidulthood
Toddlerhood

What aspect of the family did Adler believe may play a significant role in personality development?

Age of parents when first child was born

Gender of siblings
Birth order
Size of extended family

Jung developed a series of personality types based on whether individuals were extraverted and
introverted, and which one of four approaches to knowing the world they adopted. According to Jung's
theory, if someone was sociable, respects convention, authority and the views of other people how
could the best be described?

Extraverted - Sensing type

Introverted - Sensing type
Introverted - Feeling type
Extraverted - Feeling type

Freud's theories of personality development and change have been very influential. For example, the
concepts of processes happening unconsciously and ______ are readily accepted today. However,
_______ theorists disagree with a range of aspects of his theories. For example, _____ believed that
Freud's latent period (which Freud characterised as a period of psychological rest), was actually a time of
great development as this is when children go to school. Jung believed than only a personal
unconscious, we also have a __________ in which we inherit ______ and fears. Also, _______ believed
that Freud's conceptualisation of sex differences in personality were simplistic and misleading.

In isolation, Social-cognitivists, Adler, pre-conscious, goals, Erikson.

In isolation, Social-cognitivists, Erikson, pre-conscious, goals, Adler.
In parallel, Neo-Freudian, Erikson, collective unconscious, instincts, Horney.
In parallel, Neo-Freudian, Adler, collective unconscious, instincts, Horney.

1. Features of personality that differentiate one person from another usually take the form of
_____ in
language.
 A. differential pronouns
B. trait-descriptive adjectives
C. action-descriptive verbs
D. trait-differentiating adverbs

If I describe Juan as "possessive" or Anita as "friendly," I am employing the use of

A. trait-descriptive adjectives.
B. inner psychological states.
C. strategies to attain goals.
inner qualities of personality

4. Psychologists have found it difficult to define personality because

A. psychologists are not smart enough to determine the boundaries of human personality.
B. personality has a common sense definition that psychologists find hard to falsify.
C. the idea of studying human personality is a rather new concept in psychology.

D. any definition of personality needs to be sufficiently comprehensive to include a multitude of

concepts.

5. Research on personality traits asks all of these questions EXCEPT

A. how many fundamental personality traits there are.
B. how personality traits are organized.
C. where personality traits come from.

D. which cues cause behavior in a situation.

6. Immanuel walks the same path every day at the same time. To state that he will most likely take
the same route at the same time next Wednesday is using the _____ nature of personality traits.
A. descriptive
B. explanatory

C. predictive

D. individualistic

7. Mike makes several social errors at a party. He calls the host by the wrong name, spills his red
wineon the carpet, and insults the guest of honor. We label Mike's behavior as "socially inept." This
labeling of Mike's behavior utilizes the _____ research approach to personality traits.
A. explanatory
B. descriptive
C. intuitive
D. presumptive

To say that someone will tend to display a trait with regularity is to say that the person has a(n)
A. average tendency.

B. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C. adaptation.

D. social-cognitive approach.

11. Which of the following questions does research on personality traits NOT emphasize?
A. How many fundamental traits are there?
B. How are traits organized within individuals?
C. What are the origins of traits?

D. How are all persons similar?

19. Mo looks at the ink blot and sees two birds nesting. Heidi looks at the ink blot and sees a
tranquil forest. Joe looks at the ink blot and sees something sexual. These three responses are
illustrating that______ are important components of the person-environment interaction.
A. prostheses
B. provocations
C. perceptions
D. projections

33. Which of the following is an example of "nomothetic research"?

A. Preparing a case study of Sigmund Freud.
B. Comparing freshmen and seniors on a personality inventory.

C. Attempting to identify the genes related to impulsivity.

D. Analyzing the correspondence of Chris Rock.

The study of a single individual is an example of

A. idiographic research.

B. nomothetic research.
C. correlational research.

D. cognitive psychology research.

The domain of knowledge most concerned with unconscious mechanisms is the

) A. Cognitive-experiential domain.
B. biological domain.

C. intrapsychic domain.

D. adjustment domain.

Sigmund Freud's theory of personality falls within the _____ domain of knowledge.
A. biological
B. dispositional
C. social and cultural

D. intrapsychic

Jay is interested in investigating unconscious conflict in a sample of college interns. Jay will most
likely use the methods and theories associated with the ______ domain of personality.
A. dispositional
B. biological
C. social and cultural

D. intrapsychic

Which domain is most concerned with identifying the number of fundamental individual differences?

A. Biological
B. Dispositional

C. Intrapsychic
D. Social and cultural
Patti collects data on three personality tests from several hundred participants. She then examines the
systematic statistical similarities and differences among the traits assessed by each test. Patti is using
the logic and methods of the ______ domain of personality.
A. biological
B. intrapsychic
C. social and cultural

D. dispositional

56. Which domain of knowledge places the most emphasis on the external (to the person)
dimensions of personality?
A. dispositional
B. social and cultural

C. biological
D. intrapsychic

The fact that almost all humans live in groups suggests the importance of the _____ domain.
A. intrapsychic
B. cognitive-experiential

C. adjustment

D. social and cultural

The basis of all human motivation and striving (Adler)

To Overcome Feelings of Inferiority/Strive for Superiority
To Overcome Feelings of Inferiority/Gain Parental Acceptance
To Strive for Superiority/Gain Social Acceptance
Become a Contributing Member of Society/Gain Parental Acceptance

Adler's term for indviduals' willingness to cooperate with others for common good and an awareness of
the interrelatedness of all humans
Social Interest
Unity
Fictionalism
The Final Goal

The doctrine that motivation must be considered according to its final purpose or goal
Masculine Protest
Teleology
Family Constellation
Social Interest

Two general routes by which people strive (the other is social interest)
Family Constellation
Early Recollections
Exaggerated Personal Superiority
Striving for Success

Purposeful and creative acts designed to avoid something like imperfection

Neurosis/Psychological Disturbance
Safeguarding Tendencies
Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies
Dreams
One of the significant clues about an individual's style of life
Dreams
Early Recollections
Extravert Tendencies
Family Constellation

The tendency of the individual to see everything of importance occurring outside of oneself
Neurotic Claims
Externalization
Internalization
Basic Hostility

Feelings of being alone in an unfriendly and hostile world, that results in the child replacing the drive for
self realization with the idealized self
Basic Hostility
Basic Anxiety
Neuroses
Insecurity

The lack of genuine warmth and affection from the child's parents, which contributes to insecurity and
potentially, pathology in children
Basic Anxiety
Basic Conflict
Basic Hostility
Basic Evil

It establishes unattainable standards that ensure further failures

Reaction Formation
Externalization
Societal Influences
Idealized Self

The process of actualizing the various components of personality. It is most likely to occur if a person
experienced warmth and love as a child
Self Actualizaiton
Self Realization
Self Awarenss
Idealized Self

These people use the idealized self as the standard for self evaluation
Detached Parental Figures
People With Neuroses
Societal Conformist
Children Never Exposed to Warmth