EGCH 403

Sira Srinives

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References
Bird,R.B.,Stewart,W.E.,andLightfoot,
E.N.,TransportPhenomena,2nd ed.,John
Wiley&Sons,2002.
Welty,J.R.,Wicks,C.E.,Wilson,R.E.,Rorrer,G.
Fundamentalsofmomentum,heatandmass
transfer,4th ed.,JohnWiley&Sons,2002

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ClassMedias

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Scoring
Buzzgroup 25%
Midtermexam1 25%
Midtermexam2 25%
Finalexam 25%

Total 100%

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Grading
>85% A
Determination B+,B,C+,C,
D+,D

<40% F

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TRANSPORTPHENOMENA
-A cup of hot coffee was placed
at 3 meters away from the
observer.

-Which form(s) of transport

phenomena could occur in this
situation?
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TRANSPORTPHENOMENA
I. Heat transfer
- Heat conduction
- Heat convection
- Heat radiation

II. Mass transfer

- Mass diffusion
- Mass convection
- Mass radiation?

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TRANSPORTPHENOMENA
-Transport phenomenon
I. Heat transfer
II. Mass transfer
III. Momentum transfer

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 EXAMPLES
I. Heat transfer
II. Mass transfer
III. Momentum transfer
III
.
III+I

I+II+III
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 EXAMPLES

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 EXAMPLES

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INSTRUCTIONFORSTUDENTS
1. Read from the text book, holding pen
or pencil, and writing.
2. Brush up your math skill (ODE,
Vector, etc.)
3. Keep in mind the physical meaning of
the system.
4. Check units and dimensions of your
desired value.

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Mathematicalbackgrounds

Scalar: Temperature, Pressure, and time

Vector: Velocity, momentum

Tensor: Stress, Momentum profile,

Velocity profile

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Mathematicalbackgrounds

Scalar: (s)

Vector: [v]

Tensor: {}

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VECTOR
- DEFINITION
A quantity of a given magnitude and
direction.
Vector magnitude is designated by |v|
or v (Scalar).
Two vectors v and w are equal when
their magnitudes are equal and when they
point in the same direction.
vectors v and w having the same
magnitude, but opposite direction can be
written as v=-w

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VECTOR
w
v+w = ?

v
w
v-w =?

w
w-v =?
v 18
VECTOR
-Commutative
(v + w) = (w + v)
-Associative
(v + w) + u = v + (w + u)

VECTOR&SCALAR
- Commutative:
sv = vs
- Associative:
r (sv) = (rs) v
- Distributive:
(q + r + s) v = qv + rv + sv
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VECTOR
Scalar product or dot product of two vectors:

(v.w) = vw cos vw

w sin vw
w w

vw vw

v w cos vw v

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VECTOR
Dot operation

- (v.v) = |v|2 = v2

Commutative: (u.v) = (v.u)

Not Associative:
(u.v)w u(v.w)
Distributive:
(u.{v+w}) = (u.v) + (u.w)

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VECTOR
Cross operation
-Cross product of two vectors v and w is a
vector. Direction of the product vector
follows the rule of right-handed screw.

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VECTOR
Cross operation:
[v x w] = {vw sin vw} nvw
nvw is a unit length vector that is
perpendicular to both v and w.

[v x v] = 0

Not Commutative: [v x w] = - [w x v]
Not Associative:
[u x [v x w]] [[u x v] x w]
Not Distributive:
[{u + v} x w] = [u x w] + [v x w]
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VECTOR
More complicated examples are multiple
product that are formed via multiplication
processes:

rs v Vector
s (v.w) Scalar
s [v x w] Vector
(u. [v x w]) Scalar
[u x [v x w]] Vector
[u x v] . [w x z] Scalar
[u x v] x [w x z] Vector

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VECTOROPERATIONINTERMSOF
Definition
COMPONENTS
ijk Permutation
ijk = 1 For ijk = 123, 231, 312
ijk = -1 For ijk = 321, 132, 213
ijk = 0 If any of the two i j k are alike.

ij Kronecker delta
= +1 For i = j
= 0 For i j

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VECTOR
Let 1, 2, and 3 be the unit vectors in
the direction of the 1, 2, and 3 axes,
respectively. The definition for vector
product is still applicable here.
3 3 3

2 3
2 2 2

1 1 1 1

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VECTOR
(1 . 1) = (2 . 2) = (3 . 3) = 1
(1 . 2) = (2 . 3) = (3 . 1) = 0

[1 x 1] = [2 x 2] = [3 x 3] = 0
[1 x 2] = 3 [2 x 1] = - 3
[2 x 3] = 1 [3 x 2] = - 1
[3 x 1] = 2 [1 x 3] = - 2

3 3 3

2 3
2 2 2

1 1 1 1 27
VECTOR
(1 . 1) = (2 . 2) = (3 . 3) = 1
(1 . 2) = (2 . 3) = (3 . 1) = 0

[1 x 1] = [2 x 2] = [3 x 3] = 0
[1 x 2] = 3 [2 x 1] = - 3
[2 x 3] = 1 [3 x 2] = - 1
[3 x 1] = 2 [1 x 3] = - 2

Summarized: [i . j] = ij
And ij = 1 for i = j, and ij = 0 for i j

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VECTOR
[1 x 1] = [2 x 2] = [3 x 3] = 0
[1 x 2] = 3 [2 x 1] = 3
[2 x 3] = 1 [3 x 2] = - 1
[3 x 1] = 2 [1 x 3] = - 2

Summarized: [i x j] = 3 ijk k
k=1
For ijk is the permutation, where
ijk = 1 for ijk = 123, 231, 312
ijk = -1 for ijk = 321, 132, 213
ijk = 0 two indices are alike

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VECTOR
Expansion of vector in terms of its
components:

3
v = 1 v1 + 2 v2 + 3 v3 = v
i 1 i i

While the vector size isv = v = v12 v22 v32

The sum or difference of vectors v and w

i vi i 1 i wi
3 3
vw = i 1

i vi wi
3
=
i 1

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VECTOR
Dot operation

(v . w) = i vi j w j i j vi w j
i j i j

=
i j
ij iv wj

ij : Kronecker delta
: +1 for i = j
: 0 for i j

=
v w
i
i i

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VECTOR
Cross operation

j v j k wk j k v j wk
(v x w) = j
k j k

ijk i v j wk
= i j k

1 2 3
= v1 v 2 v3
w1 w 2 w3

How to find a determinant of a 3x3 matrix?

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TENSOR
Tensor is defined as a 2-dimensional vector,
in which
(Tensor) =
i
i j ij
j

Making it more complicated to handle.

Noting that a unit vector (i) is used to

indicate direction of a vector; similarly,
Dyad (ij ), a 2nd degree vector, is used to
indicate direction of a Tensor.

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 UNITVECTOR DYADS
3

1 1

Stress: yx

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TENSOR
Dyad operation

Begins the operation with the closest pair.

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TENSOR
TENSOR expansion in terms of its
components.
= 1111 1 2 12 1 3 13
2121 2 2 22 2 3 23
3131 3 2 32 3 3 33
3 3
=
i 1 j 1
i j ij

where the scalar ij are the

components of the tensor . 36
TENSOR
Tensor summation:
3 3 3 3
+ =
i jij
i 1 j 1
+

i 1 j 1
i j ij

ij
3 3
=
i j ij
i 1 j 1

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TENSOR
Tensor operation:

3 3
s i jij = i j sij
3 3

s =
i 1 j 1 i 1 j 1

(:) = i j ij : k l kl
i j
k l

i j ij k vk
(x v) = i j
k

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TENSOR
Double dot: yielding scalar.

i j ij : k l kl
(:) =
i j k l
ij jk ij ij
= i j k l

=
ij ij jk ij
i j k l
i

ij
j

= i j k l
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TENSOR
Dot operation: yielding vector.

i j ij k l kl
(.) =
i j k l

= i j k l ij kl
i j k l

= i l jk ij kl
i j k l

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TENSOR
Tensor cross vector: yielding tensor.

i j ij k vk
(x v) =
i j k

=
i j k ij vk
i j k
j
k
l
i l ij vk
= i j k l j
i l ij vk
k
l
k

= i l j
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SHOWTIME

..

[ . v] = [v . ] = v

[uv . w] = u(v . w)

[uv : wz] = (uw : vz) = (u . z)(v . w)

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