CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Language is very important in our lives. People at least use one language to convey and
express their ideas, desire and feelings through communication process with others. As Chaer and
Leony state that by language one can talk woth others, express his desires,his feeling and his ideas
(Chaer and Leony, 1995:22).
Language is also a social phenomenon. It is a means of communication between individuals and
brings them into relationship with enviroment (Boey, 1975:3). So, language and society are two
things, which are inseparable. They have close realationship since each other support another.
Kartomiharjo states that a society dwelling in a certain region is generally divisible into smaller groups.
They formed by ethnic, profession, religion, ideology, socio-economic,education and others (1988:3-
4).
Those variables create varieties of language such as language used by teachers, student, farmers, or
gangster. Each of them has certain characteristic differentiating one from others, Gumperz in Gigliogi
state that people tend to use their own terminology in-group communication and themajority language
for interaction with considers.
Beside that, some varieties of language are also caused by age, sex and occupation, and
function (Wardaugh, 1997:219-220). As cook and suter state in Wibisono, age, sex, ethnic affiliation
and profession or occupations also affect theway people to talk (2003:12).
Dealing with age, there are language varieties used by the youth as phase of transition from
childhood to adulthood, may lead to the term identity to be taken into consideration (silvy, 2001).
They create their own language to show their identity. Beside that, they use it to make the outsider my
not understand it. They tend to use informal style rather than formal one because it creates the
situation sound friendly in communication.
A form of informal style that is usually used by theyouth is slang. According to Hartman and
Stork in Alwasilah state that slang is :
A variety of speech chareterized by newly coined and rapidly changing
Vocabulary, used by the young or by social and proffesional groups for in groupcommunication and
thus tending to prevent understanding
By the rest of the speech community ( 1990:57).

Pei and Gaynor add that slang is a style of language in fairly common use, produced by popular
adaptation and extension of the meaning of existing words by coining new words with disregard
scholastic standard and linguistic principles of the formation words. As the Gay Community of Malang
something hidden behind the Gay cheerful appearance, they have a typical style, Own social attitude,
Culture and history protest or even politics and religion (Nadjib, 1986).
Some time if you heard what they are talking about, you seemed to be confused to catch it,
caused it seemed that they are make, mixed or maybe interfered with another word.

These are theexample as consideration :

 Sayonara lapangan bola nih.
Saya lapar baget nih.
(I am very hungry)
Kenapose sih . . . adindah yang luncang ?
Kenapa sih . . . . ada yang lucu ?
(why . . . it is funny ? )
Kamuflase mawar duane atau sastra ?
Kamu mau dua atau satu ?
(Do you want one or two ? )
Hai . . . apose kabaret bow ?
Hai . . . apa kabar broe ?
( Hy . . . how are you guys )
The example generalized that themember of Gay posses their own language variety that is
slang, the outsiders will have difficulty in catching and understanding the sense if these language, the
secret code as sayonara lapangan bola nih may means nothing for other people, but the member of
Gay community understand the meaning of it, because this code used as means of communication
scretly between themember.
Gay deals with some aspect like : society, music and urbanities phenomenon. They gather at
sidewalks, department stores entrances,salon, beach, train station ta night, art communicaties and
other place that they easily be seen. A little bit explanations for all the reader especially sociolinguistic
observes that not all of Gay community live style is bad, sometimes is good, event for outsider of Gay
community.
The study of sociolinguistics, especially in thefield of informal style is very exciting, it is because
thetendency for speakers to use informal style to create situation sound friendly and closer. In
everyday live communication among members of society prefer to use informal rather than formal
one.
Based on thephenomenon above, thestudy is intended to reveal theslang of surabaya punk
society, which reflects thevariety of codes spreading in thespeech society they tend to be bilingualism,
by using their own idiom for in-group communication. Even though this language is dynamic and it
can be changes, it should be well documented and it should be well studied.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Based on the background of study, the problems are formulated as follow:
1. What slang words does the Malang of Gay community employ ?
2. In what social context do they use the slang words ?
3. Why does Malang Gay community use the slang word ?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
In accordance with the problem of the study, the objective are formulated as follows :
1. To identity the slang words employed by the Malang of Gay community.
 2. To analyze the social context of the use slang words
3. To reveal the reason why they use slang words.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the writer expect that the study will give a meaningful
contribution to the sociolinguistic study and enlarge the view of the students of English Department, in
particular, and for the sociolinguistic observes in general.
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study refers to linguistics varitions, which exits in Malang. It is focused in aspect namely :
1. Vocabulary items on some slang word charectirized Malang Gay
community
2. The social context of slang usage
The reasons of the slang usage
1.6 Definition of Key Terms

Some items of terminology are defined in order to avoid misinterpretation :

1. Slang is part of casual, informal styles of language use. It is often perceived as low or vulgar of
language and is deemed to be out of place in formals styles of language (Nirmalasari,1988:144).
Gay is youth rebellion in theextremes.With their spiked hair,Graceful, always like fragrant, soft hair,
cool, perfect,feminim, in character like a women, Outlandishly cutomized, and much published
obscene Language, Gay tried to show themselves off from thesociety and also to shock society into
action (Chamberlain, 1995).
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 The Field of Sociolinguistics

The recognition of the importance of the relationship between language and society has led to
the growth of sociolinguistics is a study of language in relation to society (Holmes, 1980:1).
The same idea stated by Holmes (2001:1) that sociolinguistics studies the relationship between
language and society. It explains why we speak differently in different social context, and concerns
with identifying the social function of language and the ways it are used to convey social context
provides a wealth of information about the way language works, as well as about the social
relationships it a community and the way people signal aspects of their social identity through their
language.
Futhermore, he claims that in any situation, linguistics choices will generally reflect the influence of
social factors. They are :
1. The participant : who is speaking ? and whom are they speaking to ? the participant refer to theusers
of language. For example : wife-husband, boss-worker, customer shop-keeper.
2. The setting or social context of the interaction : where are they speaking ? for example : home,
work, school and so on.
3. The topic : what is being talked about
4. The function : why are they speaking ? (Hudson, 1980:15)
While Dell Hymes (1972) in Chaer and Leony (1995: 62- 64) describes the components of the
social context in communication taken from the acronym of SPEAKING as follows :
S (=Setting and Scene). Setting is related to the time and palace in which the utterance appears and
scene is related to the situation of the time or place and the psycological situation of communi cation.
P (=Participants). It refers to person involved in communication such as speaker, listener, addresser,
and addressee in conveying ( the message).
 E (=Ends: purpose and goal). It refers to the objective and the purpose of the utterance.
A (= Act Sequensces). It refers to the form and the content of the utterance.
K (=Key : tone or spirit of act). It refers to how intention and the way the utterance are applied, such
as happily, proudly, and so on.
I (=Instrumentalitys). It refers to code of utterance used such as language, dialect, and register. It
also refers to the form of language used both as spoken and written language through telegraph or
telephone.
N (=Norm of interaction and interpretation). It refers to the norm ot the role if interaction, such as the
norm that related with asking, or interruption.
G (= Genre). It is related to the form of utterance as poem, argument, prayer, and so on.
Fishman in Giglioli explains that sociolinguistics examines theinteraction of the two aspect of human
behavior : the use of language and social organization behavior ( 1972:45-58 ). Chaika, on the other
hand, states that sociolinguistics study of the way people use language in social interaction.
According to bell sociolinguistics is the relatively new approach with in linguistics to the description of
variation in language (Marjohan,1988:5). Sociolinguistics has shown systematic correlations between
variation in linguistics form (phonological, morphological, syntactic) and social variabels the social
strata to which speaker belong, social relationship between participants in linguistics interactions,
differences in social setting or occasion, differences of topic, and so on (Faircloug, 1989:7).While
fishmen (1972:4) states that sociolinguistics in the study of the characteristics of language varieties,
the charateristics of their function, and the charateristics of their speaker as the three constantly
interact, change, change one another with in a speech community.
2.1 Speech Community
Speech community is a group of people who can all understand each other when they speak
(Corder, 1973:50). They are usually in the same area, speaking the variant of a language, or the
same standard language (Hartman and Stork, 1972:215).
While Hymes and Halliday (1972) states that thespeech community as a group of people who feel
them self to be a community in some sense, rather than a group which only the linguist and outsider
could know about (in Hudson. 1980:26).
According to fishman speech community is one, all of those members share at least a single speech
variety and the norms for its appropriate use. A speech community may be, as small as a single
closed interaction network, all of whose members regard each other in but a single capacity
(Nirmalasari excerpted Wibisono,2002).
The speech community is not defined by any marked agreement in the use of language elements, so
much as by participation in a set of shared norms, these norms may be observed in overt types of
evaluative and by the uniformity of abstract patterns of variation, which are invariant in respect to
partcular levels of usage (Labov, 1972:120).
Speech community is any human aggregate characterized by reguler and frequent interaction by
means of a shared body of verbal signs and set off from similar aggregates by significant differences
in language use (Gumperz, 1972:129).
2.2 Language
Language is a means of establishing and maintaining relationship with other people. It is a
purely human and non- instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires, by means
of a system of voluntarily produces symbols (Spair in Alwasilah, 1990:7). By language one can talk
with other, express their desires, his feeling, and his ideas (Chaer and Leony, 1995:22).
Language as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which permit a people in a given culture, or other
people who have then a system of that culture, to communicate or to interact (Finochiaro, 1986:75).
We use language to ask for and give people information. We use it to express indignation and
annoyance, as well as admiration and respect. Often one utterance will simulataneously convert both
information and expresses feeling (Holmes, 2001:2). As a social structure and value system o society,
different dialects and accents are evaluated in different way (Trudgill, 1974:19 ).
2.4 Language Variation
 Janet Holmas (2001:11) difines that variety is a sociolinguistics term referring to language in
context. It is broad term that includes differents acccents, differents linguistic style, different dialect
and even different language which contrast with each other for social reason (Holmes, 2001:11).
While Freguson and Gumpers in Allen and Corder ( 1973:92) state that variety is any body of human
speech patterns which is sufficiently homogeneous to be analyzed by available techniques of
synchronic description and which has a sufficiently large repertory of elements and their
arrangements or processes with broad enough semantic scope to function in all normal contexts of
communication.
According to Wolfram and Christian as stated in varieties of American English, language variation is
the fact society, tied in with the tradition of people and social factors that distinguish different cultural,
social, and ethnic group from each other. As a form of behavior language differences simply reflect
social differences of one type or another (in Presto and Shey, 1984:26). As Kartomiharjo states that
language variation are associates by the differences of a language that caused by the distinction of
socio-economic, background of education, profession, ideology and dreams, religions, and others
(1988:61)
Futhermore, Wardhaugh in his books, an introduction to sociolinguistic (1977:219), indicates some
varieties of language :
1. By age
Language varies according the age of theperson using it. In this ways, it varies because language
must be learned and there appear to be stages through which individual process of language
acquisition. Old people speak differently from young people and that linguistics generations gap
exists. Likewise, accepted patterns exits for communicating between and within thegenerations : old
people to young, young to old people, adolescents to their peers, and so on.
2. By sex and occupation
The language of man differs subtly from those women. Men do not usually use expressions such
as its darling, and women tend not to use profanity as extensively as man. Likewise, the language
used in addressing man and women varies subtly : we can compliment a man on a new necktie with
the words what a pretty tie that is ! but not with How pretty you like today !, an expression reserved for
complimenting a woman.
The occupation of person causes his language to vary, particulary in the use he makes of
technical terms, that is in the use he makes of the jargon in his vocation such as dentists, soldiers,
mechanics, and so on. Sometimes the consequence is that such persons experience difficulty in
communicating with people outside thevocation on profesional matters because all does not share the
technical vocabulary.
3. By function
The variation of language, in this way, is related to function. There are both formal and informal
styles of speaking and writing. Writing also tends to be more formal than speaking in the sense that
more conscious manipulation of vocabulary and sintax takes place. The most informal styles of
speaking are often unjustly condemmed, for very few words used to describe slang are anything other
than pejorative. Slang, with its clipped and shortened forms, and its novel uses and combinations of
words, is a universal linguistic phenomenon.
2.5 Slang

Slang is a style category within the language, which occupies and extreme position on
thespectrum of formality. Its lies beyond more informality where language is considered too racy,
novel or unsavory for use in conversation with strangers. So slang enforces intimacy. It often performs
an improtant social function, which is to include into or excluded from the intimacy circle, using forms
of language through which speaker identify with or function within social sub-groups, schoolchildren
and yuppies, to criminals, and drinkers.
From Nirmalasaris perspective slang is very difficult to define because it deals with speakers
enormous creativity in their use in slang, how ever she explain some salient features in this forms of
language.
In her opinion slang is part of casual informa styls of language use, it is often perceived, as Low or
Vulgar form of languuage and it is seemed to be out of place in formal styles of language. Dealing
with linguistic taboo, it i considered as semi taboo language ( Hudson, 1980:53).
One generations slang maybe another generations standard vocabulary. For examples, Fan ( as in
Michael Jackson Fan ) was once a slang term, short for fanatic, phone, was clipped verson of
telephone, as TV was of television. ( Nirmalasari excerpted Al wasila, 1988:145).
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the actual definition of slang is consisting new or something old
in new way. Futhermore, Hartman and Stork define that slang is a variety of speech characterized by
newly coined and rapidly changing vocabulary used by the young or by social and professional
groups for in group communication and thus tending to prevent understanding by the rest of the
speech community (1972:210).
In the other hand, Pei and Gainor define that slang is a style of language in fairly common use,
produced by popular adaptation and extension of the meaning of existing word by coining new word
with disregard scholastic standard and linguistic principles of the formation of words, generally
peculiar to certain classes and social or age groups (1954:199).
Holmes states that slang is another area of vocabulary, which reflects a persons age. He adds that
current slang is the linguistics prerogative of young people and generally sound add in the mouth of
an older person. It signals membership of particular group. The young vocabulary can be a real give-
away if you are trying to guess a persons age on the telephone or radio. There are many various
ways to make slang. According to Thomas Pyle in Yolanda ( 2001:11-15). Many various processes of
making new words as folloes can form slang :
1. Root Creation
They are formed by purely arbitrary combination of letters, not drived in whole or in part from any
existing words. For example is Kodak. Kodak is a word completely without any associations with any
existing word. It is name of camera, which appeared firstly in the U,S Patent Office Gazette in 1988.
2. Trade Name
They are formed in the naming of products. For example : Vaseline. It is made from German Wasser
water plus Greek elaion oil.
3. Echoic / Onomatopoeic Words
There is sound alone which is basic limited number of words,such as : bank, splash, and so on.

4. Ejaculations
Sounds supposedly imitative of more or less instinctive vocal responses to emotional situations have
become words in their own right. for example : ouch is an exclamation at fairly mild pain.
5. The Use of Prefixes and Suffixes
 Other processes commonly acquire new words as the use of prefixes and suffixes such as employed,
understand, ex-wife.
6. New Affixes and New Uses of Old Ones
Sometimes, linguistically native misunderstanding has created new suffixes on our day. However,
may be the affixes come from other language. For example : in German Hambuger, it is associated
with Hamburg, the name of city in German, which is added by er.
7. Compounds
They make new word by putting two or more words together with a meaning in some ways different
such as girlfriend, blackbird, and textbook.
8. Clipped / Abbreviation Form
Shorting a full form of a word such a fan form fanatic, mike from microphone, and so on form them.
9. Back Formation
They are making new words, which are mistakenly assumed to be a derivative of it. For example :
burgle from burglar.

10. Blends
Blending of two words does a process of making a new word. For it instance : smog and fog.
11. Acronyms
A process of the use of the intial letters of the words in phrases, sometimes it uses the syllables, for
example : radar is from radio detecting and ranging.
12. Folk Etymology
The native-misunderstanding of some words are not familiar in society, in which those words furnish
in with new etymology. For example : roach is for cucaracha.
13. Common Word from Proper Names
There are a large number of words from proper names. For example : boycott. It was from Charles
Cunningham boycott (1932-1997) that was a captain.
2.6 Youth and Gay
Remained the only form of culture that youth those most receptive to radical ideas who hold the
most potential for social action cared- about. For the young, everything folowed to IGAMA (Ikatan Gay
Malang) : fashoin, slang, sexsual, attitude, drug habits, and poses. (Malcolm Mac Laren as citied by
Chamberlain,1995.1).

There are several ways to create gay terms. Since the mid-1990s, the most popular process
is syllabic substitution,where a word replaces a standard Indonesian word with which it shares a
syllable (typically the rst syllable).
For instance, tidak no, not is replaced by tintatint(see Table below).
Syllabic substitution in bahasa gay
 Bahasa gay term Original meaning Replaces meaning
Indonesia term
ampun in set phrase ya
amplop envelope
ampun
(oh my God!)

Balikpapan city in Kalimantan kembali youre welcome

BBC British becak pedicab

Broadcasting
Corporation
bodrex cough medicine bodoh stupid

ciptadent brand of cium to kiss

toothpaste
mbr pail,bucket emang indeed

jelita lovely jelek bad

lapangan Open eld lapar hungry

Makassar city in Sulawesi makan to eat

mawar rose mau to want

Polonia airport in the city pulang to go home

of Medan (in
Sumatra)
Samarinda city in Kalimantan sama-sama youre welcome

semangka watermelon semak to like

sutra silk sudah already

tinta Tint tidak no

Youth as a phase of transition from chilhood to adulthood may lead to the term identity to be
taken into consideration. In this way, modern society sometimes plays a very significant role to the
following of identity for the youth (Dyson, 2001).
The transition phase in modern society becomes longer. It is caused by an obligation as an adult to
fulfill material and social status to need highly. As a result, a free lifestyle, according to him is likely
to be chosen.
The paculiar lifestyle of youth can be linked to many related ideas. There are complex relation ship
among body, fashion, style and appearance, and personal identity decided by someone ( Juliastuty
2001 ). Gay and youth bear an increased risk of suicide, substance abuse, school problems, and
isolation because of a "hostile and condemning environment, verbal and physical abuse, rejection and
isolation from family and peers. Further, LGB youths are more likely to report psychological and
physical abuse by parents or caretakers, and more sexual abuse. Suggested reasons for this disparity
are that (1) LGBT youths may be specifically targeted on the basis of their perceived sexual
orientation or gender non-conforming appearance, and (2) that "risk factors associated with sexual
minority status, including discrimination, invisibility, and rejection by family members...may lead to an
increase in behaviors that are associated with risk for victimization, such as substance abuse, sex
with multiple partners, or running away from home as a teenager." A 2008 study showed a correlation
between the degree of rejecting behaviour by parents of LGB adolescents and negative health
problems in the teenagers studied:
Higher rates of family rejection were significantly associated with poorer health outcomes. On the
basis of odds ratios, lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults who reported higher levels of family
rejection during adolescence were 8.4 times more likely to report having attempted suicide, 5.9 times
more likely to report high levels of depression, 3.4 times more likely to use illegal drugs, and 3.4 times
more likely to report having engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse compared with peers from
families that reported no or low levels of family rejection.

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Methods

Research methodology is an essential part in conducting a research. The method use in this
study is descriptive qualitative.
Sudaryanto ( 1992:62 ) comments it in his book, saying that.
Istilah deskriptif itu menyarankan bahwa penelitian yang dilakukan semata-mata hanya
berdasarkan pada fakta yang ada atau fenomena yang memang secara empiris hidup pada penutur-
penuturnya, sehingga dicatat atau dihasilkan berupa perian bahasa yang biasa dikatakan sifatnya
seperti potret paparan seperti apa adanya .

(Descriptive means that research basically only from fact or phenomenon which is empirically
live from native speakers, so it had been written or produce like language tools which is commonly
say like reality).

Arikunto (1990:310) argues that,

Penelitian deskriptif tidak dimaksudkan untuk menguji hipotesis tertentu, tetapi hanya
menggambarkan apa adanya tenteng sesuatu variable, gejala atau keadaan. Memang ada kalanya
dalam penelitian ingin juga membuktikan dugaan tetapi tidak berlaku lazim. Yang umum adalah
bahwa penelitian deskriptif ini tidak dimasukan untuk menguji hipotesis.

(The descriptive research was not purposed for examine some oh hypothesis, but only describe
the reality abouth kind of variable, sometimes the condition of the research also demainding about
proving a hypothesis but it is unusual. Commonly this descriptive research was not for testing
hypothesis).

The method then, is applied analyze the slang of Gay Community in Malang for it is very
appropriate to the objective of the study that is describing the phenomenon found during the process
of the study.
3.2 Data and Data Sources
According to Neuman ( 1991:369), informants are member with whom a field research develops
a relationship and who tells about, or informs on, the field. Good informants, he adds, must meet
some criteria such as : Live and engages within the group routines, currently, involved, able to spend
time with researcher, and come from non-analytic members.
Meleong (2002:90) comment it in hi book and says that,
Informan adalah orang yang dimanfaatkan untuk memberikan informasi tentang situasi dan
kondisi latar penelitian, jadi ia harus mempunyai banyak pengelaman tentang latar penelitian.

(Informant is a native speaker who acts as a model for someone and giving information about
situation and condition for research, so he must have a lot of experience about the background of
research.)

The informants ( Gay ) observed, are those who are in this conditions :
1. Live in Malang
2. Aged around 17 26 years old
3. Phsycally and mentally healthy
4. Trustworthy and responsible
5. Join the Gay community at least more than one year
The informants of this study are 8 persons, they are considered to represent the whole
population of Gay community in Malang, and they will be interview and observed.
Many homosexual men in Indonesia speak what they call bahasa gay gay language, a linguistic
phenomenon based upon bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian), Indonesias national language.
Bahasa gay, is also known by gay men and other Malang as bahasa banci, a closely related language
variety. Banci is a nationwide (and somewhat derogatory) term for male-to-female transvestites; two
well-known bahasa gay/banci variants of the term are binan and bencong (thus this language is also
called bahasa binan or bahasa bencong).
To date, the fundamental condition of bahasa gays existence is that although some terms transform
words from local languages such as Javanese, at the overall grammatical level bahasa gay is always
based on Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia), the national vernacular.
Although Indonesia has considerable linguistic diversity, bahasa gay is a self-consciously nationwide
way of speaking. All of the derivational patterns used to produce bahasa gay lexemes originated in one
region of Malang but became nationally distributed through gay social networks. The languages
fundamental logic is not that of alterity but of creative transformation of a dominant state discourse. It
is a conscious (and often humorous) language game.
Derivation
Competence in bahasa gay includes intonation, pragmatics, and ideology about bahasa gay itself,
but what gay men (and those who appropriate bahasa gay) nd most salient is lexicon. This
lexicon, however, is more than just a collection of words; it is a set of patterned derivational
processes that together constitute a language game. True uency is signaled not just by knowing
vocabulary but by knowing the processes and being able to coin neologisms oneself.
There are several ways to create gay terms. Since the mid-1990s, the most popular process
is syllabic substitution, where a word replaces a standard Indonesian word with which it shares a
syllable (typically the rst syllable). For instance, tidak no, not is replaced by tintatint (see Table
below).
Syllabic substitution in bahasa gay
Bahasa gay term Original meaning Replaces meaning
Indonesia term
ampun in set phrase ya
amplop envelope
ampun
(oh my God!)

Balikpapan city in Kalimantan kembali youre welcome

BBC British becak pedicab

Broadcasting
Corporation
bodrex cough medicine bodoh stupid

ciptadent brand of cium to kiss

toothpaste
mbr pail,bucket emang indeed

jelita lovely jelek bad

lapangan Open eld lapar hungry

Makassar city in Sulawesi makan to eat

mawar rose mau to want

Polonia airport in the city pulang to go home

of Medan (in
Sumatra)
Samarinda city in Kalimantan sama-sama youre welcome

semangka watermelon semak to like

sutra silk sudah already

tinta Tint tidak no

Two other derivational processes are related to syllabic substitution. The rst isneologism (Table
below), in which the Indonesian term is replaced by a form that shares the same rst syllable or sound
but does not have a prior meaning of its own. Only a handful ofbahasa gay terms originate in this
manner; bahasa gay is a language of transformation.
Neologisms in bahasa gay
Bahasa gay term Replaces Indonesian term Meaning

akika aku I (familiar)

cuco cakep handsome

 jahara jahat evil

The second process is semantic shift, whereby an Indonesian term is given a new meaning
(Table below). Semantic shifting is a feature of non-gay urban language as well, where it is
termed plesetan (Chambert-Loir 1984; Oetomo 2001).
Semantic shift in bahasa gay
Replaces Indonesian Meaning in bahasa Gay
Bahasa gay term
term
brondong fusillade young man

goreng Fry anal sex

kucing cat sex worker

Another important derivational process in bahasa gay is sufxation and vowel shift (Table below),
which is usually used to transform a standard Indonesian term but occasionally involves a bahasa
gay item, a local language term, or an English loanword.
SUFXATION AND VOWEL SHIFT IN BAHASA GAY.
Indonesian
or New bahasa gay term
Meaning
bahasa gay
term
waria (an amalgam of
banci wanita woman and pria bncong or bnces
man)
berapa how much? brpong

dandan put on makeup dndong or dndes

homo Homosexual hmong

lelaki Man lkong or lkes

loco Masturbate lcong, lces, or lci

pura-pura Pretend pres

sick(attracted to the same skong, skes, or skes

sakit
sex in bahasa gay)

terjadi to have happened terjedong

 The most common sufxes are ong and es. Dede Oetomo suggests that sufxation and vowel
shift rst appeared in Jakarta and areas most directly inuenced by the Jakartan dialect of
Indonesian; he also notes that a few terms of -ong shifting, namely bencong, frombanci male
transvestite, and nepsong, from napsu desire, appear to have come into existence before bahasa
gay took form (2001:62). As in the case of all other derivational processes forbahasa gay, the most
common kinds of transformed words are nouns and adjectives.
With -in- inxing, the inx -in- is inserted between the consonant and vowel of every syllable, usually
with a shortening of the product so that it becomes two syllables long (Oetomo 1999:28).
Thus banci becomes binancini, which becomes binan. See table below:
Indonesian or
bahasa gay Meaning New bahasa gay term
term
waria (an amalgam of wanita binancini
banci
woman and pria man)
berapa how much? binerinapina

dandan put on makeup dinandinan

homo Homosexual hinomino

lelaki Man linakini

loco Masturbate linocino

pura-pura Pretend pinurina pinurina

sick(attracted to the same sinakinit

sakit
sex in bahasa gay)
terjadi to have happened tinerjinadini

Intonation
Though far less emphasized than patterned lexicon, speaking in what is considered to be an
effeminate manner is also sometimes asserted by gay men to be indicative of bahasa gay. By
effeminate (standard Indonesian kewanitaan or feminin; bahasa gay terms includengondhek, megol,
kriting curly), these men refer to the high-pitched tone and rising utterancenal intonation that
Indonesians associate with images of demure femininity.
3.3 Data Collection

As it said before, as a primary data, the data are collected through interview and observation.
When interviewing the event will be conducted under a recorded situation of when the informants
answer the questions being asked in addition, field note will be created ( appendix 1 ). It is page in
 begining of interview notes with information such as date, place characteristics, and moment of the
interview, which give contribution when re-reading and making senses of the notes.
The instrument of interview is an interview guide and using an informal interview, informal interview
used because punk member will not answer the question if they know that the have been interviewed.
The major line of instrument consist :
1. what is gay for the member ?
who are the gay members ?
why join gay community ?
when join gay community ?
where is the place of gay members when they hang around ?
The other method beside interview is observation, it is applied to anyone as far as he belong
the Gay of community Malang. Here, the observer pays, attention, watches, and listens carefully to
their language and their activities. ( Appendix 2 )
In an observation, the researcher becomes an instrument that absorbs all sources of information (
Neuman, 1991:355)
Arikunto ( 1990:205 ) argues that,
Mengamati adalah menatap kejadian, gerak atau proses. Mengamati bukanlah pekerjaan yang
muda karena manusia banyak dipengaruhi oleh minat dan kecenderungan kecenderungan yang
ada padanya.

(Watching is look at the phenomenon, movement and process. Watching is not easy because
someone influenced by interest and other leans.)

This is major instrumens of observation;the observer pays attention and watch carefully about
Gay activities aspecially:
1. Hair cut
Greeting
Accessories
Dance
Lips Sing
Gay for Pays
Salon
Model
Fitness
Design
The observer observe Gay member reaction and also the freguency of the intrument happen,
Beside that interview and obsevation as the main instrument in collecting data,written materials such
as books on sociolinguistics and other related sources will be treated as secondary data. (Appendix 3)

3.4 Data Analysis

Meleong ( 2002:190 ) in his book comments that,
Proses analisis data dimulai dengan menelaah seluruh data yang tersedia dari berbagai
sumber, yaitu dari wawancara, pengamatan yang sudah dituliskan dalam catatan lapangan, dokumen
pribadi, dokumen resmi, gambar, foto dan sebagainya.

(Data analysis process start with evaluate all of data from any source, which is interview, not
field, personal document formal document, picture,ETC.)
 The study of slang is analyzed through the following steps :
1. Inventory
First step observer makes notes all the data obtained from the recorded words, interview and
observation.
2. Evaluate the data systematically
Second step observer evaluates the data based on the social context of the use slang words.
3. Analyze the data
And the third step observer analyzes the use of slang words to reveal the reason why they use slang
words. When the word show solidarity and power.

CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

On this chapter the writer presents the result of the research and describe qualitatively in the
form of result and discussion. This result and discussion just describe the slang of Gay community in
Malang.
The result is written in the form of language, those are words or phrases typically made up of short
lived coinages and figure of speech that are in place of standard terms for the sake of added
raciness,humor, irreverence, deliberately used or othereffect (Nirmalasari excerpted Al
wasilah,1988).
To easier understanding, the inventory result differentiated into:
1. Abbreviation
Old word with new meaning
Word coinage
Symbols and gestures
Word indicating abuse
The point is, what we are reported in this result and discussion chapter is the result obtained
from observation and interview with the members of Gay community in Malang.
4.1. RESULT
As for some of the results that I gets from the research among of gay communities in apoor
about gay language in the poor in general as follows :

Words or phrases in the form of Old words or phrases that has new
abbreviation meaning

A.D IGAMA
D.I.Y Kayangan
F.O Enjoy
SI-AL Harajhuku
IJO or BEGUT Ngeber
G.N.D Rayap
R4F Stelan
S.E
T.M and A.R

Word coinages Symbols and Gestures

Banger A-Symbols
Corosenmu Crossing hand
Mooshing Shake hand and click
Ooi...Ooi...Ooi... Spiting
Three shouting fingers
X-Tattoo
10 Holes boot

Word or phrases indicating an abuse

Anjing Penjaga
Anti Bonek
Anti coca-cola
Anti kapitalis
Anti Mc.Donald
Trendy Bangsat

4.2. DISCUSSION
Gay community in Malang often speaks strange words; the following words list is concerned
primarily with present-day term of Gay community in Malang.
4.2.1 Words or phrases in the form of abbreviation
A.D
It stands for Asal Dadi. It refers to some gay lipsing that had bad performances on a stage.
When gays see bad performence on stage he mumbledkok bis kota dibawaken kasindang!
(How could an A.D like that brought here!)
D.I.Y
It stands for Do It Your self. It is kinds of suggestion to be creactive especially in making song and
avoiding singing contract with capitalist recording company, because they only think about profit
oriented.
It is use when a gay remained his friend not to imitate the green day or offspring career. He said
terusan hanglekir D.I.Y jangkar tarore green day bow!
(Go on D.I.Y do not imitate green day)
E.D
It is stand for Extreme Decay, this word for those who always make violence on a shows.
When in a gay music show one of the audience suddenly punched another one, a gay shoutedAwas
E.D.
(Watch out E.D.)

F.O
It stands for fuck off. Living on the street with their own ideal make them brave, even to curse
something that they hate, they shouted directly. The expression is used in that manner especially
when they see rich guy, police, army, or stylish boy.
Sometimes when on the street they see stylish boy, they said:lekma bow adinda lekong F.O liwat!
(Looks guys F.O boy across)

SI AL
It stands fo SI- AL, it is one of gay igama in Malang, precisely located in front of Ramayana Mall near
Sarinah Mall. But now it is seldom to be used, because there was chaos with another gank (Punk or
Bonek). They go to another places such as ( Teras Cafe and Aquanos)
When they meet one another on a street they said:Sabtu besolfon ngeber nang SI-AL yuk!
(Lets go to SI-AL on Saturday)

IJO or BEGUT

Ijo or Begut stands for drugs ore dope, sometimes secretly they consume drug alone or together, they
consume this not just for losing their stress or problem but also if they find an idea for their song and
sometimes they consume drug to solve their problem.
When gays come to a stage, they usually use drugs, when they offering drugs they said:kawanua
kerajaan IJO ta kosgoro?
(Do you want IJO or nothing?)
And maybe when they need some drugs they usually said:akika tambuhan belalang BEGUT bow)
(Give me some money to buy BEGUT!)

G.N.D
It stand for Gay NOT Dead, this word commonly used on some concert to cheer up the situation ot to
an honor to gay community.
They said to their friends:terusan hangkelir bow, G.N.D jangkar kuatir!
(Dont worry guys, G.N.D !)
R4F
It stands for Riot For Freedom. In expressing their offensive felling, they often use this term in the
form of articles. They think that capitalism block them in jail. Government, in their opinion is only a
machine not an independent system. With interference of government may change their regulation
without thinking what the citizen really needs.
S.E
It stand for Straight Edge, it is kind of what gay believe, this is the highest level of gay. it is what
igama believe. In this case another member must understand him and not force him to consume what
he reject in the name of equality that the community always praise.
T.M and A.R
T.M stand for Topi Miring and A.R stand for Arak kind for liquor brand name that usually consumed by
gay community in Malang. This activity can not be avoided since the treat as a medium of gathering
and share they are feeling of togetherness. When they toast, they always say Equality, mean that
they are one and together.
They said like this when they one to Consume it:Ayo bow acar- acar, belalang T.M ambe A.R
(Hi guys what about if we buy T.M and A.R)
4.2.2 Description of old words or phrases that has new meaning
Igama
This word is referred to the gay head quarters. The place for reunion and hang out together, it just like
their home and the place that their values legally here.
The word used when a gay want to make appointment with another gay friends, he said:sebentong
kete nang Igama jantung lupita jones bow!
(See you later in Igama guys)
Kayangan
The gays call the rich man or people from high community class as a Kayangan, because they hate
capitalist, therefore they do not like any luxurious things as: Boutique, pubs, and those who not care
to grass root.
When they see a rich men they said:sisop tinta bisikan dadi kayangan, biasaranya njalok toknang
organda tubang .
(Who can not be a kayangan, they only spend their parents money without working.)
Enjoy
This word reffered to gay who using drugs.
When they know that one of his friends using drugs they said:kawanua enjoy tah sekarnia?
(Are you enjoy right now?)
Harajhuku
It referred to one of gay haircut, it came from one of Japan called harajhuku, the harajhuku have
special haircut, middle of hair stands up and the left side and the right side bald.
They said like this:Harajhuku kawanua bagaskara bow
(Your harajhuku is cool man)
Ngeber
The meaning of this word is they live on the street, sleep, survival in the street, they tried to realize
that is not easy live in the world, we got to do anything to survive if we live on the street and accept
that street is their home.
If they want to do this, they said:Sabtu ngeber nang SI-AL yuk
(Hey, what about ngeber on SI-AL Saturday)
Rayap
It is the world for gay who did not understand what the real gay is, what the essential think of gay,
they join gay without knowing the aim of gay and without knowing the way of live of gay. That is
rebellion of the social order of community.
The word was used when a gay saw a new member, he said:belajaro,jangkar dadi rayap terusan
hanglekir!
(Keep learning, do not be rayap forever)
Stelan
It is stand for gay fashion and accessories that they wear, like haircut, jeans,boots, chances and
another complite gay fashion.
They used this word like this:jangkar lupita jones laguna nondra acar- acar pakarena stelan
semuara!
(We go to concert wearing stelan, do not forget it)
4.2.3 Word Coinages
Banger
It is a kind of dance in which gay in front of a stage bump their shoulder together suddenly when a
song comes to a refrein phase (Usually after bending their knees fro a fiew second).
When there was a concert and they want to dance, gays said:Nek banger seng bagaskara bow!
(lets make make a great banger guys)
Corosen
It is like harajhuku haircut in which hair arranged so that resembles Niles or Durian.
The word was used when a gay saw a haircut, he said:Corosen kawanua bagaskara bow
(Great corosen guys)
Mooshing
It is kind of stage diving, when one of the musicians suddenly jump into crowd audiences and the
audiences catch him directly so that he is not hurt.
The word was used when there was a music concert and one of the gays said:sing mooshing
subentra akika ae bow
(Let me do the mooshing guys)
Ooi...Ooi...Ooi
It is kind of greeting for gay community, when they meet one each other they says hello with this
expressions. They have to mention Ooi...three times,this greeting mean: Liberty, Equality and Unity
4.2.4 Symbols and Gestures
A- symbols
This symbols is sign for Gay area, this symbols is a sign for another member of gay that this is the
igama of gay community, so the member of gay can hang out together and reunion in this place.
Crossing hand
 If a gay does not want to drink liquor in a certain gathering he can reject the invitation by crossing his
hand and indicating that he is tempting to praise straight edge believe.
Shake hand and Click
One way to indicated a gay is by shake hand and click; they always do this if they meet one another
in every place.
Spiting
Some gay will spit to the stage when a street gay band performs their songs. They want to remind
them that they can come on the stage because they are from street. They have to not forget that. On
the other hand a radical street gay will spit on the ground when they meet the have. It is just like a
beggar party on china called Kaipang. The action took place when gay spitted the musician on a
stage.
Three shouting fingers
This one way to indicated a gay is by pointing thumb. Forefinger and middle finger together. It means
three praises they believe: Liberty, Equality, and Unity. they do this every time they meet and every
place they meet.
X Tattoo
Usually a punker make an X- tattoo on his arm indicating that he is from straight edge believe.
Therefore, he must be free from drugs, alcohol, free sex and meat. In this case,another member have
to respect what he believe and not to force him to consume what he rejected.
10 Holes boot
Numbers of holes on boots indicated proffesion, ten holes boot is for those who come from various
proffesion or white collars workers such as: stundents, workers, or even politicians.
4.2.5 Word or phrases indicating an abuse
Anjing penjaga
The word referred to the army and policeman, because in gay opinions cop and armed force just like
a dog who always do what the master want, they always follow what the commander orders even they
have to ignore the human right.
The phrase was used when some gay a policeman or an army cross a head, they said:bow lekma
adinda anjing penjaga liwat! (look guys Anjing penjaga cross a head!)

Anti Bonek
This word referred to the Arema football supporters called Bonek who always make riot and chaos
wherever they came. They always fight with another supporters from other football club and make
citizens afraid to do their activities. On gay community in Malang, the member of gay was fought with
Bonek at SI- AL ones.
Anti Coca-cola
Anti Kapitalis
 Anti MC.Donald
The slogan for capitalism industries, gay opinion is that capitalist only think about profit without care
about their employees right and only exploited them. So that way they praise Anti Capitalism.
Trendy Bangsat
It stand for fashoin style, gay show their anger toward fashion style, they think that buying expensive
clothes useless because many people died in poverty and hunger. They hate people who always
stylish and modish because they only spend money without thinking surrounding. So that why they
call people like that as Old Fashoin Freaks and because of that to the stelan of gay is always
unfashionable.

4.3 The social context of slang usage

The slang words were created by Gay community in Malang because they want to distinguish
their society with other people, on this distinguish social context and socially branded they fight
together on one society to praise what they believe.
Observer classify the language usage in three social context,
When they interacting with other gay division
When they interacting beside other societies
When they interacting beside police officer
When they interacting with other member or maybe member from other gay division, they
usually use almost the slang word, because they feel that they are brother and have the same
purpose and same value, they are not afraid to say anything they want because they can understand
each other.
For example:
When they met one each other, they always do the greeting ritual shake hand and click, or if
they want to say hallo they yell0oi three times. This is different when they interacting beside other
societies, they have to distinguish their activities, because they do not want somebody know what
they say, when they want liquor or even if they use drugs. It is like abuse word, trendy bangsat or FO,
they usually says like this;
Lekma bowtrendy bangsat liwat
(Look guys trendy bangsat across)
Or
Pancen FO tenan
(you damn right FO)
Even they try to hide what they says beside other societies, it is more carefully when they use
word beside police officer or if they know that many policeman around them, the word like, IJO or
Begut for drugs, A.R and T.M for liquor or word indicating an abuse like Anjing Penjaga. They use
more secretly because they do not want policeman know and jail them and avoid chaos with
policeman.
 4.4 The reason why they use slang
There are some reasons why they use slang, they created slang because they need to
distinguish they existence with other societies and they are not allowed other people to insult or annoy
their activities, they want exclusiveness to show their power and solidarity. Therefore slang word like
igama, scene, stelan, etc created by them. Solidarity when living on the street and underground
sometimes make gay doing something secretly even against the law. Some forbidden act ivies like
consuming liquors and drugs they do with hidden. That is way they create words like IJO, T.M or A.R
to hide their activities from policeman or other officer.
To show their power the member who praise gay and gay be the way of live, words like trendy
bangsat, anjing penjaga, rayap and other abuses word used to hide what they really said, what the
real meaning of what they said. Sometimes the word used to avoid chaos with other members or
other society and maybe the worst thing if they have been catching by police officer because what
they do.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

The conclusion of the analysis describe the slang characterized by the Gay community in
Malang can be simplicity concluded that:
5.1. The slang words employed by the Gay community in Malang
1. The words or phrases are in the form of abbreviation.
The Gay community in Malang tends to simple words or phrases in their dayly conversation to hide
the real meaning for their activities. Example. A.D stand for asal dadi, even the other people did not
understand what they said but it is meaningful for them. They tried to hide forbidden activities with this
word to avoid other people and officer, for example like IJO,Begut,T.M and A.R.
2. The second category of the slang is to give old words news meaning. Creatively of the Gay to use
certain words or phrases to rebirth new meaning such as Scene is a real or Imagined place where
something happens.
3. The third category is to coin new words.
A word like Ooi... three times which considering three praises they shout: Liberty, Equality, and Unity.
It is considered as a necessity fo Gay to greet another member.
4. For some reasons, the Gay posses some symbols and gestures to mark their identity. Thats why the
fourth categories discuss about those words. A symbol like A or X- Tattoo for Gay is to show that they
are from what division of Gay. So from other division can understand what the way of live he praise,
like a straight Edge believe.
5. The final category is words or phrases as an abuse. Gay is extreme societies that always say and
shout what they hate directly, because they always fight for three praises that they believe ; Liberty,
Equality, Unity. The live in social people who dont like them or even isolating them, and they have to
fight what they believe is right. A word like Anjing Penjaga is mean to remind the officer that they are
like a dog that always follows what master instruction. And other words like Antis Slogan or Trendy
 bangsat to remind of all the people that many people suffer because our greedy and a lot of people
dies because capitalism and racialism.
5.2 The social context of slang usage.
The slang words was created by Gay community of Malang because they want to distinguish
their society with other people, they believe that what they praises on Liberty, Equality, Unity are
always right. In this distinguish social context and socially branded they fight together on one society
to praise what they believe, society that can understand what they believe and can accept values they
have. They feel comfort and free on this society because they are free, they are same and they are
together like a family on this society.

5.3 The reason why they use slang

There are some reasons why they created and use slang, they created slang because they
need to distinguish they existence (Exclusiveness) solidarity, when living on the street and
underground some times make Gay doing something secretly even against the law. Some forbidden
act like consuming liquors and drugs they do with hidden way. Thats why they create words like IJO,
T.M or A.R to hide their activities from policeman or other officer.
Power, the member who praise Gay and Gay be the way of live, words like trendy bangsat, anjing
penjaga, rayap, FO and other abuses word used to hide what they really said, what the real meaning
of what they said. Therefore Gay of community in Malang created slang words.
5.4 Suggestion
The writer realizes that this thesis is not complete and perfect because there are some
weaknesses in writing this thesis caused by the limited references. There are still many problems
about slang of gay community in Malang that are not discussed yet. Consequently, it will be very
interesting and useful for other students to discover more about those specific problems in their
thesis.
The writer suggests that this thesis is presented because of the writer knowing about slang of gay
communty in Malang which is often used by her. As an gay, he hopes that slang of gay will make a
progress into the positive one so that it is not only used by specific groups of a community but also
becomes a special symbol of gay wherever they are. Futhermore, it is expected more the possibility of
creating such dictionary which focus on slang of gay community in Malang like the dictionary of slang,
and form this thesis too, he hopes that next time there come up some more perfect study of the topic.