EE-211 Circuit Analysis

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, TOPI 23460
hadeed@giki.edu.pk

September 25, 2017

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Overview

1 Theory
Circuits with series parallel combination
Special cases of equivalent resistance calculation
Delta to Wye equivalent circuits
Wye to Delta equivalent circuits

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Example 1
Given the circuit in figure below we wish to find the current in the 12k
load resistor

1 1 1 1
= + + = 4k (1)
Rp 18k 9k 12k
Itotal = (1 2 + 4)mA = 1mA (2)
Current direction is out of the node. So equivalent circuit is shown in
figure below.

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Example 2

Given the circuit in figure below, find the power dissipated in the 6k load
resistance.

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Example 3
Given the circuit in figure below, find the resistance Rab .

In this circuit R9 and R10 are in series and can be added as Req1 . The
calculated Req1 is in parallel with R8 and therefore, it can be equalized as
Req2 . The Req2 comes in series with R7 and can be equated as Req3 . Req3
is then in parallel with R6 . If it is designated as Req4 then it is in series
with R2 . Their sum is Req5 which comes in parallel with R4 . The resultant
is Req6 which comes in series with R5 . The equivalent is Req7 that comes
in parallel with R3 . The final equivalent is Req8 thats is in series with R1 .
The answer is 5k.
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Example 4
Given the circuit in figure below, find the resistance Rab .

Rab =22k
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Example 5

Given the circuit in figure below, find the resistance Rab .

Rab =3k

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Example 6

Given the circuit in figure below, find the resistance Rab .

Rab =12k

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Example 7
A standard dc current-limiting power supply shown in figure below provides
018 V at 3 A to a load. The voltage drop, VR , across a resistor, R, is used
as a current-sensing device, fed back to the power supply and used to limit
the current I. That is, if the load is adjusted so that the current tries to
exceed 3 A, the power supply will act to limit the current to that value.
The feedback voltage, VR , should typically not exceed 600mV.
If we have a box of standard 0.1, 5-W resistors, determine the
configuration of these resistors that will provide VR = 600 mV when the
current is 3A and 9A respectively.

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Example 7 (Continued)
Solving for 3A limit, using Ohms law
V 600mA
R= = = 0.2 (3)
I 3

Therefore two 0.1 resistance in series serves the purpose. To check if the
power rating have not exceeded apply the power formulae for resistance.

P = I 2 R = 32 0.1 = 0.9W (4)

The resistance is of 5W which is well above the power dissipation.

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Example 7 (Continued)
Solving for 9A limit, using Ohms law
V 600mA
R= = = 0.0667 (5)
I 9
The available resistance is of 0.1 which is more than the value required.
Therefore, parallel connection of resistance is required. Three resistances
in parallel yield 0.0333 and two parallel combinations are required. For
power rating, apply the power formulae for resistance. 3A current flows
through each branch.

P = I 2 R = 32 0.1 = 0.9W (6)

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Example 8
Given the circuit in figure below, I4 = 21 mA, find the source voltage Vo .

Vo =36V

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Bridge circuits

Given the circuit in figure below, simple series parallel simplifications

cannot be applied to find Req across the terminals of V.

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Bridge circuits (Continued)

Delta to Wye and pi to tee conversion is required to solve the circuit for
Req .

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Bridge circuits (Continued)

Delta to Wye and pi to tee conversion is required to solve the circuit for
Req .
In the circuit shown R1 , R2 and Rm
forms a delta connection because it
resembles the Greek symbol .
R1 , R2 and Rm can also be
represented as without disturbing
the electrical equivalence.
Same is the case with R3 , Rx and
Rm .

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Bridge circuits (Continued)

In the circuit shown R1 , R3 and Rm

forms a wye (Y) connection because
it resembles the word Y.
R1 , R3 and Rm can also be
represented as T without disturbing
the electrical equivalence.
Same is the case with R2 , Rx and
Rm .

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Delta to Wye equivalent circuits

The conversion of to Y and vice versa is not just the change in shape.
The conversion process should retain the the terminal behavior.
In the circuit shown the equivalent resistance across terminal AB can be
equated as follows.

Rc (Rb + Ra )
Rab = = R1 + R2 (7)
Ra + Rb + Rc

Ra (Rb + Rc )
Rbc = = R2 + R3 (8)
Ra + Rb + Rc
Rb (Rc + Ra )
Rca = = R3 + R1 (9)
Ra + Rb + Rc

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Delta to Wye equivalent circuits
To find the value of R1 ,R2 and R3 the eq. 78 and 9 are added as
eq.(7+8-9) Subtracting 7 and 9

Rc Rb + Rc Ra Rb Rc Ra Rb
R1 + R2 R3 R1 = (10)
Ra + Rb + Rc
Ra Rc Ra Rb
R2 R3 = (11)
Ra + Rb + Rc
Adding this to eq.(8)

Ra Rc Ra Rb + Ra Rb + Ra Rc
R2 R3 + R2 + R3 = (12)
Ra + Rb + Rc
2Ra Rc
2R2 = (13)
Ra + Rb + Rc
Ra Rc
R2 = (14)
Ra + Rb + Rc
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Delta to Wye equivalent circuits
Similarly, R1 and R3 can be derived. The to Y conversion is summarized
below.
Rb Rc
R1 = (15)
Ra + Rb + Rc
Rc Ra
R2 = (16)
Ra + Rb + Rc
Ra Rb
R3 = (17)
Ra + Rb + Rc

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Wye to Delta equivalent circuits
Summary of the wye to delta transformation is
R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
Ra = (18)
R1
R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
Rb = (19)
R2
R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
Rc = (20)
R3

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Example
Find the current and power supplied by the 40V source.

We can either convert upper delta or lower delta to get Req . Converting
the upper delta.

Rb Rc 100 125
R1 = = = 50 (21)
Ra + Rb + Rc 100 + 125 + 25
Rc Ra 25 125
R2 = = = 12.5 (22)
Ra + Rb + Rc 100 + 125 + 25
Ra Rb 100 25
R3 = = = 10 (23)
Ra + Rb + Rc 100 + 125 + 25

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Example
The equivalent circuit is as shown below

 
50 50
Req = 50 + 5 + = 80 (24)
100
V 40
I = = = 0.5A (25)
Req 80
P = VI = 0.5 40 = 20W (26)

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Example 2.26
Find the source current Is .

This circuit is essentially a bridge circuit with 12k,6k and 18k forming
a . Also the 4k,6k and 9k are forming a delta.
Choose anyone of these delta and convert it to an equivalent Y using
formulaes given in slide 19.
Similarly, 12k,6k, and 4k are forming a Y as well as 18k,6k and
9k. Any of the Y connection if converted to (slide 20) can lead to the
solution of the problem.

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Example 2.26
Find the source current Is .

Converting the 12k,6k and 18k

to Y, we get the following values.
R1 =6k
R2 =2k
R3 =3k
Is =1.2mA

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Assessment Problem 2.24

Find the total resistance RT .

RT =34k

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Assessment Problem 2.25

Find the voltage Vo .

Vo =24V

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Assessment Problem 2.26

Find the current I1 .

I1 =-1.2A

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Assessment Problem 3.8 (Nillsson)
Find the voltage v.[Hint: Use Y to conversion provided on slide 20]

v=35V
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