Grinding machine

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Rotating abrasive wheel on a bench grinder.

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remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more
precise citations where appropriate. (April 2009)

A grinding machine, often shortened to grinder, is a machine tool used for grinding, which
is a type of machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. Each grain of abrasive on
the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from the workpiece via shear deformation.

Contents
[hide]

1 Introduction
2 Types
3 See also
4 References

[edit] Introduction
The grinding machine consists of a power driven grinding wheel spinning at the required
speed (which is determined by the wheels diameter and manufacturers rating, usually by a
formula) and a bed with a fixture to guide and hold the work-piece. The grinding head can be
controlled to travel across a fixed work piece or the workpiece can be moved whilst the grind
head stays in a fixed position. Very fine control of the grinding head or tables position is
possible using a vernier calibrated hand wheel, or using the features of numerical controls.

Grinding machines remove material from the workpiece by abrasion, which can generate
substantial amounts of heat; they therefore incorporate a coolant to cool the workpiece so that
it does not overheat and go outside its tolerance. The coolant also benefits the machinist as
the heat generated may cause burns in some cases. In very high-precision grinding machines
(most cylindrical and surface grinders) the final grinding stages are usually set up so that they
remove about 200 nm (less than 1/100000 in) per pass - this generates so little heat that even
with no coolant, the temperature rise is negligible.

[edit] Types
These machines include the:

Belt grinder, which is usually used as a machining method to process metals and other
materials, with the aid of coated abrasives. Sanding is the machining of wood;
grinding is the common name for machining metals. Belt grinding is a versatile
 process suitable for all kind of applications like finishing, deburring, and stock
removal.
Bench grinder, which usually has two wheels of different grain sizes for roughing and
finishing operations and is secured to a workbench. It is used for shaping tool bits or
various tools that need to be made or repaired. Bench grinders are manually operated.
Cylindrical grinder which includes the centerless grinder. A cylindrical grinder may
have multiple grinding wheels. The workpiece is rotated and fed past the wheel/s to
form a cylinder. It is used to make precision rods.
Surface grinder which includes the wash grinder. A surface grinder has a "head"
which is lowered, and the workpiece is moved back and forth past the grinding wheel
on a table that has a permanent magnet for use with magnetic stock. Surface grinders
can be manually operated or have CNC controls.
Tool and cutter grinder and the D-bit grinder. These usually can perform the minor
function of the drill bit grinder, or other specialist toolroom grinding operations.
Jig grinder, which as the name implies, has a variety of uses when finishing jigs, dies,
and fixtures. Its primary function is in the realm of grinding holes and pins. It can also
be used for complex surface grinding to finish work started on a mill.
Gear grinder, which is usually employed as the final machining process when
manufacturing a high precision gear. The primary function of these machines is to
remove the remaining few thousandths of an inch of material left by other
manufacturing methods (such as gashing or hobbing).

[edit] See also

Angle grinder
Diamond tool

[edit] References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Grinder

Harvey, James A.. Machine Shop Trade Secrets.

[show]v d e Metalworking
[hide] Machining and computing
2.5D CAD CAM G-code Numerical control (NC
Computer-aided engineering
and CNC) Stewart platform
Die head Drill Drill bit Drill bit shank Drill bit
Drilling and threading sizes Drill and tap size chart Drilling Jig borer Tap
and die Tap wrench Threading
Abrasive Angle grinder Bench grinder Coated
abrasives Cylindrical grinder Diamond plate Flick
grinder Dresser Grinding Grinding machine
Grinding and lapping
Grinding wheel Jig grinder Lapping Sanding
Sharpening stone Spark testing Surface grinder Tool
and cutter grinder
Electrical discharge machining Electrochemical
machining Endmill Engraving Hobbing Lathe
Machining and milling
Machine tool Machining Milling cutter Milling
machine Planer Pantograph Shaper
Angle plate Chuck Collet Jig Fixture Indexing
Machine tooling head Lathe center Machine taper Magnetic base
Mandrel Rotary table Wiggler
 Chatter Cutting fluid Speeds and feeds Swarf
Terminology
(chips) Tolerance Tramp oil

[show]v d eTypes of tools

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinding_machine"

Categories: Grinders | Power tools | Sharpening
Hidden categories: Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2009 | All articles lacking in-
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