UNIDAD 1

TO BE (SER O ESTAR)

EL TIEMPO PRESENTE: AM /m/ , IS /iz/, ARE /a:r/

El verbo TO BE tiene tres formas en el tiempo presente: AM - IS - ARE. Su significado se

podra traducir como ser / estar.

I am /ai am/ (Yo soy/estoy) We are /wi: :r/ (Nosotros/as somos o

estamos)
You are /i r/ (T eres/ests)
You are /i :r/ (Uds. son/estn)
He is /hi: z/ (El es/est)
They are /i :r/ (Ellos/as son/estn)
She is /shi: z/ (Ella es/est)

It is /it z/ (Es/est)

Cuando estamos en una coversacin normalmente se usan las contracciones Im.

Youre, Hes, Shes, Its, Were, Theyre. Aqu tienes unas cuantas palabras que te
sern tiles para usarlas con el verbo to be.

What? /wt/ Qu? Cul? Who? /hu:/ Quin? Where? /war/ Dnde? How? /hu/ Cmo?;
This /is/ este/a That /t/ ese/a These /:z/ estos/as Those /uz/ esos/as
A (antes de cons.) un/a An (antes de vocal) un/ The /e/ el, la, los, las
At /t/ en; In /in/ en On /on/ encima de Now /nu/ ahora Today /tudi/ Hoy da
Thanks /ks/ gracias Thank you /k iu:/ gracias Fine /fin/ bien Very well /vri ul/ muy bien
Much better /match bter/ mucho mejor

Aqu te dejamos unos ejemplos de frases para que veas cmo se forman a la vez que te mostramos
su pronunciacin y significado. Adems te sealamos las palabras que puedes sustituir por otras
para crear nuevos significados.

What is this? /wt iz is/ Qu es esto? It is a pen. /its a pn/ Es un lpiz

Whats that? /wots t/ Qu es eso? Its an ambulance. /its an mbiulans/ Es una ambulancia
What are these? /wt a:r :z/, Qu son stos? They are books. /ei a:r bks/ Son libros
What are those? /wt a:r uz/, Qu son esos? Theyre cars. /eir k:rz/ Son coches
Is this a pen? /iz is a pn/ Es esto un lpiz?
Is that a house? /is t a hus/
Are these books? /a:r :z bks/
son libros
Are those cars? /:r uz k:rz/
coches
Who is that man? /h iz t mn/
instrktor/
Quin es ese hombre?
Whos that woman? /h:z t wman/
Quin es esa mujer?
Who are those men? /h: a:r uz mn/
sti:dents/
Quines son esos hombres
Where is Bob? /war iz bb/ Dnde est Bob?
Wheres the car? /warz e k:r/ Dnde est el coche?
Wheres the book? /warz e bk/ Dnde est el libro?
Where are the cars? /war a:r e k:rz/
Dnde estn los coches?
Where are the students? /war a:r e sti:dents/
Dnde estn los estudiantes?
How are you? /hu :r iu:/ Cmo ests?
Hows John? /huz dlln/ Cmo est John?
How are the children? /hu a:r e tchldrn/
Cmo estn los nios?
La forma negativa se expresa usando la palabra not. Normalmente formando las
contracciones ISN T /znt/ o AREN T /:rent/
I am not /ai m nt/
You are not /i :r nt/
He is not /hi: iz nt/
She is not /sh: iz nt/
It is not /it iz nt/
We are not /w: a:r nt/
They are not /ei a:r nt/ They arent /ei :rent/
Yes, it is. Its a pen /is,it iz. its a pn/ S, es un boli.
Yes, It is. Its a house. /is it iz its e hus/ S, es una casa.
Yes, they are. Theyre books. /is, ei :r. eir bks/ S,
Yes, they are.Theyre cars. /is, ei :r.eir k:rz/ S, son
Hes Mr. Jones, the new instructor. /hi:z e ni:
El es Mr. Jones, el nuevo instructor
Shes Miss Black, the secretary. /shi:z e skretri/
Ella es Miss Black, la secretaria
Theyre Bob, Jim and Tom, the students. /eir e
Son Bob, Jim y Tom, los estudiantes.
Hes at home. /hi:z at hum/ Est en casa
Its in the garage. /its in e gridll/ Est en el garaje
Its on the desk. /its on e dsk/ Est en el escritorio
Theyre in the car park. /ir in e k:r p:rk/
Estn en el parking.
Theyre in the lab. /ir in e lb/
Estn en el laboratorio
Im fine, thanks. /im fin, ks/
Hes much better, thanks. /h:z mtch bter, ks/
Theyre very well, thank you. /eir vri wl k iu/
Estn muy bien, gracias
---------------------------- Im not /aim nt/
You arent /iu :rent/ Youre not /ir nt/
He isnt /h: znt/ Hes not / h:z nt/
She isnt /sh: znt/ Shes not /sh:z nt/
It isnt /it znt/ Its not /its nt/
We arent /w: :rent/ Were not /w:r nt/
Theyre not /eir nt/
Aqu te dejamos algunos ejemplos usando el verbo TO BE en la forma negativa:

I am not a pilot. /pilot/ ---------------------------- Im not a pilot

They are not students /sti:dnts/. They arent students. Theyre not students.

He is not here /har/. He isnt here. Hes not here.

They are not there /dar/ They arent there. Theyre not there.

It is not a train. /trin/ It isnt a train. Its not a train.

Bob is not very well /vri wl/ He isnt very well. Hes not very well.

The students are not in the lab /lb/. They arent in the lab. Theyre not in the lab.

La forma interrogativa se expresa mediante simple inversin de orden con el sujeto de

la oracin.

Am I? /am ai/ Arent I? * /:rent ai / Are we? /:r w:/ Arent we? /:rent wi:/

Are you? /:r i:/ Arent you? /:rent iu:/ Are you? /:r i:/ Arent you? /:rent i:/

Is he? /z h:/ Isnt he? /znt hi:/

Is she? /z sh:/ Isnt she? /znt shi:/ Are they? /:r ei/ Arent they? /.rent ei/

Is it? /z it/ Isnt it? /znt it/

Aqu te dejamos otros ejemplos de cmo formar frases interrogativas.

Am I right? /m i rit/ Estoy en lo cierto? Arent I right?/:rent ai rit/No estoy en lo cierto?

Are you all right? /.r iu: :l rit/ Ests bien? Arent you tired? /:rent iu tiard/ No ests
cansado?

Is he a captain? /z hi: a kptin/ Es l un capitn? Isnt she a nurse? /znt shi. a ne:rs/ No es ella una
enfermera?

Are they busy? /:r ei bzi/ Estn ellos ocupados? Arent they happy? /:rent ei hpi/ No estn
ellos felices?