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Physical Properties:
*Flash point, the lowest temperature at which a liquid (usually a petroleum product) will form a vapour in
the air near its surface that will flash, or briefly ignite, on exposure to an open flame. The flash point is a
general indication of the flammability or combustibility of a liquid. Below the flash point, insufficient
vapour is available to support combustion. At some temperature above the flash point, the liquid will
produce enough vapour to support combustion. (This temperature is known as the fire point.)
Solubility: Miscible* with water, ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, glycerol; insoluble in carbon
disulfide; soluble in carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide
*Miscible = (of liquids) forming a homogeneous mixture when added together.
Density: 1.051 at 68 F (USCG, 1999)
Corrosivity: Glacial acetic acid (100%) is highly corrosive, and its ingestion has produced penetrating
lesions of the esophagus and later strictures of the esophagus and pylorus in man.
Physical Description:
Color: Clear, Colorless
Chemical Properties:
When dissolved in water, acetic acid undergoes dissociation to form hydrogen (H+) ion. Because of the release of a
proton, acetic acid has an acidic character. It turns blue litmus paper red, indicating that it is acidic in nature.
However, it is a weak acid because it does not dissociate completely in aqueous solution.
Acetic acid is corrosive to many metals including iron, magnesium, and zinc, forming hydrogen gas and metal salts
called acetates. An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, or metallic
base. Aluminium, when exposed to oxygen, forms a thin layer of aluminium oxide on its surface which is relatively
resistant, so that aluminium tanks can be used to transport acetic acid. With the notable exception of chromium(II)
acetate, almost all acetates are soluble in water.
Reactivity Profile: ACETIC ACID, reacts exothermically* with chemical bases. Subject to oxidation (with heating) by
strong oxidizing agents. Dissolution in water moderates the chemical reactivity of acetic acid, a 5% solution of
acetic acid is ordinary vinegar. Acetic acid forms explosive mixtures with p-xylene and air.
*An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat.
Impurities:
Water is the chief impurity in acetic acid although other materials such as acetaldehyde, acetic
anhydride, formic acid, biacetyl, methyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, iron and mercury are also
sometimes found.
Production of Ester
Acetic acid also produces esters. Below, it shows some esters produced from acetic acid, like ethyl acetate and
isobutyl acetate. The esters from acetic acid are used in inks, paints, and coatings.
Industry Uses
1. Adhesives and sealant chemicals
2. Adsorbents and absorbents
3. Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
4. Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
5. Dyes
6. Intermediates
7. Odor agents
8. Oxidizing/reducing agents
9. Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
10. Pigments
11. Plasticizers
12. Processing aids, not otherwise listed
13. Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
14. Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
15. Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Liquid- and vapor-phase oxidation of petroleum gases (with catalyst); ... oxidation of acetaldehyde; ...
reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide (with catalyst; this is the most cost efficient method and has
been in general use for some years); ... fermentative oxidation of ethanol.
It is an important chemical reagent andindustrial chemical, mainly used in the production of cellulose acetate
for photographic film and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as synthetic fibers and fabrics. In households,
dilutedacetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry, acetic acid is used under thefood
additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. As a food additive it isapproved for usage in
many countries, including Canada, the EU, USA and Australia and NewZealand.Acetic acid is a weak acid
which is probably most famous for being the primary acid in vinegar. Infact, acetic acid has a wide range of
uses beyond sprinkling on salads, and it is produced in largevolumes all over the world. People have been
working with this acid in a number of contexts for centuries, with acetic acid being one of the substances
explored by alchemists, the predecessors of modern chemists