Types of Industrial buildings

1. Warehouse/Distribution Buildings

These buildings range from 50,000 to hundreds of thousands of square feet in one single-story structure used
mainly for warehousing and distributing business inventory. They also have up to 60-foot ceilings, as well as
numerous loading docks, truck doors, and large parking lots to accommodate semi-trailers. They may have a small
amount of office space and may be served by rail cars.

2. Manufacturing Buildings

These facilities are intended to house specialized equipment used to produce goods or materials. They typically
have three-phase high capacity, electric power, these properties might also include heavy ductwork, pressurized
air or water lines, buss ducts, high capacity ventilation and exhaust systems, floor drains, storage tanks and cranes.

3. Refrigeration/Cold Storage Buildings

These specialized industrial properties are equipped to hold a large capacity of cold storage and/or freezer space,
and are typically used a distribution center for food products.

Division 4, Section 10.2.4.2 of Fire Code of the Philippines

Classification of Hazard Content

1. Low Hazard - Those of such low combustibility that no self-propagating fire therein can occur and that
consequently, the only probable danger requiring the use of emergency exits will be from panic, fumes or smoke
or fire from some external source.

2. Moderate Hazard - Those which are liable to burn with moderate rapidity or to give off a considerable volume of
smoke but from which neither poisonous fumes nor explosions are to be expected in the event of fire.

3. High Hazard - Those which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity or from which poisonous gases or explosions
are to be expected in the event of fire.

Every worker in the industry place like the manufacturing must have their personal protective equipment.

Under the rule 1080 of Occupational Safety and Health Standards

1081.01: Every employer as defined in 1002

(1) Shall at his own expense furnish his workers with protective equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet,
protective shields and barriers whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous nature of the process or
environment, chemical or radiological or other mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or
impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

Types of commercial buildings

1.Office Building

The first and, perhaps, the most common type of commercial building is an office building. There are many types
of office buildings and can range from small professional office buildings, single-tenant properties, up to towering
skyscrapers.
2.Warehouse

50,000 100,000 square feet in one single structure; Mainly used for warehousing and distributing of business
inventory; and 60 foot ceilings, numerous loading docks, truck doors and parking lots and very little space of office
space.

3.Retail / Restaurant

There are among the most recognizable of commercial buildings because they are the most accessible to end
users. It could be a retail store or even a restaurant. Furthermore, these types of structures vary in size, design,
and location. Demand and the kind of customer they target significantly determine this variation.

Safety requirements for commercial and industrial buildings

The owner of the building is responsible for looking after a building or a renovation for the life of the building. This
includes checking and looking after its essential safety measures.

Safety measures make sure the people in the building, people in the next buildings and people on the street can be
safe in a fire or another emergency.

By law, safety measures in a building must exist and must always work. They must be checked and looked after
regularly.

Essential safety measures include:

air-conditioning system fire detectors and alarm system

exit doors fire hydrants
early warning system fire isolated stairs
emergency lifts and lighting fire rated materials
emergency lighting fire windows
emergency power supply mechanical ventilation
emergency warning system passage ramps
exit signs path of travel to exits
fire control centre smoke alarms
fire curtains and doors smoke control systems, and
fire extinguishers sprinkler systems.

From PSME CODE

Section 202.0 Plant Design Procedure

202.1 Basis of the Structure Design. For industrial works, the utilization demand of the industry works, the
utilization demand of the industry for which the building is to be used is of utmost importance in the design of
building. Aside from geographical location and economic consideration, the mechanical and electrical requirement
are extremely important for al modern buildings particularly factories.
Explanation

The building must be designed according to its purpose. For this, a factory must be having the requirements
mechanical and electrical for it is important for all modern buildings.

202.2 Requirements for number, size, location, and height of rise for elevators with particular attention to
penthouse dimension and equipment loads.

a. General requirements for plumbing with particular attention to the location of soil stacks, standpipes, main
pumps water storage tanks and sprinkler systems.

b. If steam is to be produces within the buildings, requirements of the boiler room and accessories, such as fuel
storage, the probable location of steam mains and ducts and their approximate sizes in order to avoid interference
with a structure member of other utilities.

c. For industrial building, all specific demands of the manufacturing processes such as special mechanical and
electrical equipment of interior clearances should be identified.

Explanation

a. The plumbing inside and outside the building must have their own distinction to be determined easily.

b. When a building will produce steam; they must have boiler room and other accessories, such as fuel storage,
the location of the pipes and ducts must have its own distinct size to avoid interference with other utilities in the
building,

c. In industrial buildings, all of the equipments from mechanical to electrical must have interior clearances that can
easily be identified.

Section 203.0 General Requirements

203.1 Space Requirements

a. Works rooms must be 3000 mm (300 cm) in height from floor to ceiling. (Maintenance shop and machine room)

b. The maximum number of persons working or will be working shall not exceed one person per 12 cubic meter. In
calculation he working space requirement, no deduction shall be made for benches or other furniture, machine or
materials but height exceeding 3000 mm (300 cm) shall be excluded.

203.2 Crowding of Floor Space

a. The floor space in a machine room shall strictly follow safety requirements and shall not be crowded with
machineries in a manner dangerous to employees, or be over crowded with materials or products so as to
constitute hazards to them.

b. Sufficient space shall be provided around the individual machine or process units to allow for normal operations,
adjustments, ordinary repairs, and for materials supplied, in process or completed.

Explanation

a. The floor in the workplace must not be crowded with equipment especially machineries that can harm the
employees.

b. A machine must have a space from another machine for the workers to operate freely in a specific machine.
203.8 Stairs

a. All stairs, platforms, and landings shall be of sufficient strength to sustain safety a live load of not less than 500
kg with a factor of safety of four.

b. Width of stairs except service stairs, that is, giving access to oiling platforms, shall in no case be less than 900
mm and should be at least 120 mm away from all obstruction except handrails.

c. Stair railings shall be constructed I a permanent and substantial manner of wood pipe structural metal or other
materials of sufficient strength

d. Handrails shall be continuous throughout a flight of stairs and at landings and without obstructions other than
those intended to prevent persons from sliding.

e. Handrails mounted directly on walls or partitions shall be fixed by means of brackets attached to the lower side
of the rails, so as not to interface with the smoothness of the top and side surfaces of the rails.

f. The completed structure shall be capable of withstanding a load of at least 100 kg applied in any direction at any
point on the rail.

203.9 Fixed ladder, Catwalks, Runways and Platforms:

a. All metal parts or fitting of ladders shall be made of structural steel.

b. Fixed ladders shall be so installed that:

1. The distance from the front of the rungs to the nearest fixed object on the climbing side of the ladder is
at least 760mm.

2. The distance from the back of the rungs to the nearest fixed object is at least 160 mm.

3. Except in the case of ladders equipped with caged, baskets or equivalent devices, there should be
clearance of at least 380 mm from the centerline of the ladder on either side across the front of the ladder.

c. All runways or platforms constructed over conveyors or machinery shall be guarded on all open sides by
standard railings and toeboards.

204.0 Machinery & Equipment

204.1 General Requirements

a. All heavy machinery should be supported on solid foundations of sufficient mass and base area to prevent or
minimize the transmission of objectionable vibration to the building and occupied source and to maintain the
supported machine at its proper elevation and alignment.

b. The weight of the machine plus the weight of the foundation should be distributed over a sufficient soil area
which is large enough to causes a bearing stress within the safe bearing capacity of the soil with a factor of safety
of five.

c. When installing machinery above grade level of a building, additional stiffness must be provided in the structural
members of the building to dampen machine vibration.

Explantion

a. The machines that are being used in the industry must be supported with a strong foundation of sufficient mass
and base area to lessen the vibration that produces by the machine.
b. The machines weight and the weight of the foundation must be distributed to the ground that is larger to
supported the weight of the machine and the foundation to lessen the bearing stress.

c. The machinery must have an additional stiffness that will dampen the vibration that the machine produces.
REFERENCES:

Retrieved from PME CODE

Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/8-different-industrial-property-types-perry-pursell

Retrieved from http://www.moreland.vic.gov.au/business/services-for-business-and-industry/safety-for-

commercial-and-industrial-buildings/

Retrieved from http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/images/Files/OSH%20Standards%202017.pdf

Retrieved from http://bfp.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Fire-Code-of-the-Philippines-2008-IRR.pdf