Data Analysis Table

Interpretation:

For mean values, use this:

0.00 - 0.74 - 0 Better/ Very Good/ Not during the past month
0.75 - 1.49 - 1 Good/ Fairly Good/ Less than once a week
1.50 - 2.24 - 2 Bad/ Once or twice a week
2.25 - 3 - 3 Worse/ Very Bad/ Three or more times a week

For values regarding the questionnaire, use this

A. Cannot get to sleep within 30 minutes

B. Wake up in the middle of the night or early morning
C. Have to get up to use the bathroom
D. Cannot breathe comfortably
E. Cough or snore loudly
F. Feel too cold
G. Feel too hot
H. Have bad dreams
I. Have pain
J. Other reason (s)

0 -
1 -
2 -
3 -
Table 1. Demographic and Social characteristics, and Hemodialysis background of
respondents in two hemodialysis group as related to their sleep quality index.

Variables Morning-shift (n=10) Other shifts (n=10) p-value

n (%) n (%)

Age (mean= 48 11) 0.180 (a)

18-35 y/o 1 (10%) 2 (20%)
36-45 y/o 3 (30%) 2 (20%)
46-65 y/o 6 (60%) 5 (50%)
>65 y/o 0 (0%) 1 (10%)

Gender
Male 8 (80%) 8 (80%) 0.494 (b)
Female 2 (20% 2 (20%)

Civil Status
Single 4 (40%) 2 (20%) 0.216 (b)
Married 5 (50%) 8 (80%)
Widow/ed 1 (10%) 0 (0%)
Divorced/ 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Annuled

Occupation 0.320 (b)

None 5 (5%) 6 (60%)
Business 1 (1%) 0 (0%)
Clerical 0 (0%) 2 (20%)
Service 2 (20%) 1 (10%)
Professional 2 (20%) 0 (0%)
Student 0 (0%) 1 (10%)

Stage of CKD 0.665 (b)

Stage 1 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Stage 2 1 (10%) 2 (20%)
Stage 3 1 (10%) 0 (0%)
Stage 4 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Stage 5 8 (80%) 8 (80%)

HD Frequency
Once/week 1 (10%) 0 (0%) 0.582 (b)
2x a week 1 (10%) 6 (60%)
3x a week 6 (60%) 4 (40%)
4x a week 1 (10%) 0 (0%)
5x a week 1 (10%) 0 (0%)

Coffee intake 0.035 (b)

Yes 6 (60%) 1 (10%) c = 0.471
No 4 (40%) 9 (90%)
 Cups of Coffee/day
1-5 6 (60%) 1 (10%) t= -2.264 (a)
6-10 0 (0%) 0 (0%) p= 0.036

Tea intake
Yes 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.761 (b)
No 10 (100%) 10 (100%)
Cups of Tea/day
1-5
6-10

Cigarette smoking
Yes 2 (20%) 1 (10%) 0.125 (b)
No 8 (80%) 9 (90%)
# of Sticks/day
1-10 1 (10%) 1 (10%) t=1.110 (a)
11-20 1 (10%) 0 (0%) p=0.282

(a) t test
(b) Chi-square test

Gender/ Age
Majority of the respondents (F=8) in the morning-shift HD are male. And the remaining 20%
(F=2) of the respondents are females. Sixty percent (F=6) of the respondents in the morning-
shift HD are between the ages of 46-65 years old. While 30% (F=3) of the respondents are
between the ages of 36-45. And the remaining 10% (F=1) of the respondents are ages 18-35.
No respondents were over 65-year-old. The gender of respondents in the other-shift HD are
equally divided with 50% (F=3) males and 50% (F=3) females.
Fifty percent (F=5) of the respondents in the other- shift HD are between the ages 46-65 years
old. While 20% (F=2) of respondents are between the ages 18-35 and another 20% (F=2) are
between the ages 36-45. The remaining 10% (F=1) of respondents are over the age of 65 years
old.
Civil Status

Fifty percent (F=5) of the respondents in the morning -shift HD are married. While 40% (F=4) of
the respondents are single. And the remaining 10% (F=1) of the respondents is widowed.

Majority of the respondents (F=8) in the other-shift HD are married with an 80%, while the
remaining respondents (F=2) are single with 20%. None of the respondents are widows/ed.
Nature of Occupation
Forty percent (F=4) of the respondents in the morning-shift HD are unemployed. While 30%
(F=3) of the respondents work in the government sectors. And the remaining 30% (F=3) of the
respondents work in private sectors. 10% (F=1) of the respondents who are employed work in
the business industry, 10% (F=1) work in the service industry, 10% (F=1) work in the criteria of
skilled worker, 10% (F=1) work in the criteria of semi- skilled worker, and the remaining 10%
(F=1) work in the criteria of unskilled worker.

Majority of the respondents (F=7) nature of occupation in the other-shifts HD are unemployed
with a 70%, where 10% (F=1) of the unemployed respondents is a student. While 20% (F=2)
work in the government sectors as clericals and the remaining 10% (F=1) work in private
sectors as service providers.
HD-Shift/ Stage of CKD/ Frequency
One hundred percent (F=100) of the respondents are from morning-shift HD. Sixty percent
(F=6) of the respondents have HD thrice a week. While 10% (F=1) have HD once a week, 10%
(F=1) have HD twice a week, 10% (F=1) have HD four times a week and the remaining 10%
(F=1) have HD five times a week. Majority of the respondents (F=8) are in the fifth stage of
CKD. While 10% (F=1) of the respondent is in the second stage of CKD and the remaining 10%
(F=1) of respondent is in the third stage of CKD.

Majority of the respondents (F=6) in the other-shift HD are from the afternoon shift HD with a
60% and are scheduled HD twice a week. While the remaining respondents (F=4) are from the
night shift HD with a 40% and are schedule HD trice a week. Majority of the respondents (F=8)
are in the fifth stages of CKD. While 10% (F=1) of the respondent is in the first stage of CKD
and the remaining 10% (F=1) is in the second stage of CKD.
Coffee/Tea
Majority of the respondents (F=6) in the morning-shift HD consumes coffee with the range of 1-5
cups which is 60% of the respondents. While the remaining respondents (F=4) do not consume
coffee which is 40% of the respondents. It can be seen that the table above showed that there is
a significant relationship (p=0.035) between coffee intake and sleep quality of the respondents.
This findings shows that majority of respondents who drinks coffee had a poor sleep quality and
those who dont had a good sleep quality.
None of the respondents (F=0) consume tea with 0%.
Majority of the respondents (F=9) in the other-shift HD do not consume coffee/ caffeine with a
90%. While the remaining respondent (F=1) consumes a range of 1-5 cups of coffee/ caffeine
with a 10%. None of the respondents (F=0) consume tea with a 0%.
Smoking/ Number of Sticks
Majority of the respondents (F=8) in the morning-shift HD do not smoke cigarettes. While the
remaining respondents (F=2) smoke cigarettes. 50% (F=1) of the respondent who do smoke
cigarettes smoke a range of 1-10 sticks of cigarettes a day and the remaining 50% (F=1) of
respondent smoke more than 10 sticks of cigarettes a day.
Majority of the respondents (F=9) in the other-shift HD do not smoke cigarettes. While the
remaining respondent (F=1) smokes a range of 1-10 sticks a day.
 Measures of PSQI Morning Shift Other shifts

Pretest Post test Pretest Post test

1. Sleep 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3

Duration 8.3 hrs 7.25 hrs 8.1 hrs 7.8 hrs
Q4 (in hrs)

2. Sleep 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.3

Disturbance

b. Q5b 1.6 1.57 1.8 1.1

c. Q5c 1.4 2.12 2 1.5
d. Q5d 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.8
e. Q5e 0.9 1.8 1.7 1
f. Q5f 0.8 1.38 1 0.4
g. Q5g 1.16 1.6 1.5 0.4
h. Q5h 0.5 1.2 1.1 0.1
i. Q5i 1.21 1.5 1.8 1.5
j. Q5j 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6

3. Sleep 0.9 1.4 1.7 0.8

Latency
Q2 (Sleep Latency 19mins 32mins 30mins 10.7mins
in mins) 1 1.2 1.9 1.1
Q5a
 4. Day 1.4 2.2 1.5 0.7
Dysfunction due to
Sleepiness
Q7 (difficulty staying 1.15 1.9 1.4 0.8
awake while driving, 0.91 2.3 1.3 0.5
eating meals, or
engaging in social
activity)
Q8 (difficulty keeping
up enthusiasm to get
things done)

5. Sleep 0.1 0.4 0.4 0

Efficiency

6. Overall Sleep 1.5 1.9 2.2 0.9

Quality

7. Need Meds to 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.8

Sleep

During pretest in the morning shift, respondents often experience some sleep
disturbances which includes being awake in the middle of the night or early morning and cannot
breathe comfortably that they experience mostly ones or twice a week. They also have a bad
overall sleep quality as rated by the respondents. Respondents also have an average of 19
minutes sleep latency for less than once a week.Seldomly, respondents also experience a day
dysfunction due to sleepiness which includes difficulty staying awake while driving , eating
meals or engaging in social activity and difficulty keeping up enthusiasm to get things done.
Respondents also seldom take meds in order for them to sleep. And they have a very good
sleep efficiency and sleep duration with an average of 8.3 hours.
While during post test in the morning shift, respondents also often experience sleep
disturbances which includes being awake in the middle of the night or early morning, have to get
up to use the bathroom , having cough and snores loudly, feels too hot and experience pain.And
just like in the pre test, respondents also have a bad overall sleep quality as stated by the
respondents.Respondents also have an average of 32 minutes sleep latency for less than once
a week.And respondents often experience a day dysfunction due to sleepiness which includes
difficulty staying awake while driving , eating meals or engaging in social activity which
respondents experience it oftenly and sometimes they also experience difficulty keeping up
enthusiasm to get things done.Just like in pre test, respondentsalso seldom take meds inorder
for them to sleep. And they have a very good sleep efficiency and sleep duration with an
average of 7.25 hours.
During the other-shifts pre-test, the respondents have a very good sleep duration, with
an average of 8.1 hours, and very good sleep efficiency. The respondents often experience
sleep disturbances associated with waking up in the middle of the night or in the early morning,
waking up to go to the bathroom, coughing or snoring loudly, feeling hot, and pain, while having
the seldom need medications to sleep. The respondents have a bad sleep latency with an
average time of 30 minutes experienced once or twice a week. The respondents often
experience day dysfunction associated with seldom experiences of difficulty staying awake
while driving, eating meals, or engaging in social activity and difficulty keeping up with
enthusiasm to get things done. Overall sleep quality of the respondents pre-test is bad.
While during the post-test, the respondents have a fairly good overall sleep quality. The
respondents sleep duration is very good with an average of 7.8 hours. Sleep disturbances are
seldom experienced, but show an often occurrence of having to wake up to use the bathroom
and feelings of pain, while seldom needing medications to sleep. Sleep latency is fairly good
with an average of 10.7 minutes experienced less than once a week. Day dysfunction is very
good with the seldom occurrence of difficulty staying awake while driving, eating meals, or
engaging in social activity and sleep. Sleep efficiency is also very good.
Table 3. SOP #2: Test of Relationship between Sleep Quality measures during the
Pretest and Post Test Morning-shift Hemodialysis.
Interpretation:
0 Better/ Very Good/ Never
1 Good/ Fairly Good/ Seldom
2 Bad/ Often
3 Worse/ Sometimes

*Accept Null if p-Value is greater than the = 0.025, reject if not.

(Null) - There is no significant relationship in the (Sleep Quality measures) during the
Pre-test and post-test of morning-shift Hemodialysis patients.
(Alternative) - There is a significant relationship in the (Sleep Quality measures) during
the Pre-test and post-test of morning-shift Hemodialysis patients.

(If you accept Alternative:)

Morning Shift p-Value

Measures of
Pretest Post test t-Value df
PSQI
Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
1. Sleep 0.1 (0.316) 0.3 (0.949) -0.557 9 0.591
Duration

2. Sleep 1.5 (0.85) 1.7 (0.675) 0.896 9 0.394

Disturbanc
e.

3. Sleep 0.9 (0.738) 1.4 (1.074) 0.190 9 0.853

Latency

4. Day
Dysfunctio 1.4 (0.843) 2.2 (0.919) 1.152 9 0.279
 n due to
Sleepiness

5. Sleep
Efficiency 0.1 (0.316) 0.4 (0.516) -0.246 9 0.811

6. Overall
Sleep
Quality 1.5 (0.85) 1.9 (1.100) 2.535 9 0.032

7. Need Meds
to Sleep
0.9 (0.994) 1.3 (1.059) 0.000 9 1.000

Table 3 above shows that this Test of Difference between Sleep Quality measures
during the Pre-test and Post-Test undergoing Morning-shift Hemodialysis. It can be seen that
only the overall sleep quality pre and post scores showed a significant difference (p=0.032).
rrl
However, no significant difference was found in the pre and post scores in terms of sleep
duration (t= -0.557, p=0.591). It is noteworthy to mention that sleep duration is interpreted as
Very Good between pre and post scores. The findings found between the pre and post scores
in terms of Sleep Disturbances and needs meds to sleep is interpreted as bad. The sleep
efficiency is interpreted as very good both pre-test and post-test.While the sleep latency is
interpreted as good both pre-test and post-test.There is significant difference in the pre-test and
post-test of day dysfunction due to sleepiness with the findings of good to bad.
MORNING-SHIFT HD

Pretest Post test

(frequency/ percentage) (frequency/ percentage)

Good 3 (30%) 4 (40%)

Poor 7 (70%) 6 (60%)

Seventy percent of the respondents (F=7) had a poor sleep quality during pre test and the
remaining 30% (F=3) had a good sleep quality. While during the post test, majority of the
respondents (F=6) had a poor sleep quality and the remaining 40% (F=4) had a good sleep
quality.

PSQI Scores PSQI Scores (Post test) p-value

(Pretest)
Good Poor

Good 1 2 1.000
Poor 3 4

The table above shows that there is no significant difference (p=1.000 in the PSQI scores of
pre-test and post-test in the morning-shift HD. Three respondents had a positive change from
Poor sleep quality to Good sleep quality, while four respondents remained Poor. On the
other hand, two respondents had a negative change from Good sleep quality to Poor sleep
quality, while one respondents sleep quality remained Good.
Table 5. SOP #2: Test of Relationship between Sleep Quality measures during the
Pretest and Post Test in other shifts of Hemodialysis.

Measures of Other Shift p-Value

t-Value df
PSQI Pretest Post test
1. Sleep 0.1 (0.316) 0.3 (0.483) 1.000 9 0.343
Duration

2. Sleep 1.8 (0.789) 1.3 (0..483) -1.861 9 0.96

Disturbanc
e.

3. Sleep 1.7 (1.337) 0.8 (0.789) -2.586 9 0.029

Latency

4. Day
Dysfunctio 1.5 (1.080) 0.7 (1.059) -2.228 9 0.053
n due to
Sleepiness

5. Sleep 0.4 (0.516) 0 (0) -2.449 9 0.037

Efficiency

6. Overall -2.414 9 0.039

Sleep 2.2 (1.317) 0.9 (0.994)
Quality

7. Need Meds -0.429 9 0.678

to Sleep 0.9 (1.101) 0.8 (0.789)

The table above shows that this Test of Difference between Sleep Quality measures
during the Pre-test and Post-Test undergoing Other-shift Hemodialysis. It can be seen that only
the overall sleep quality pre and post scores showed a significant difference (p=0.039).
However, no significant difference was found in the pre and post scores in terms of sleep
duration (t= 1.000, p=0.343). It is noteworthy to mention that sleep duration is interpreted as
Very Good between pre and post scores. The findings found between the pre and post scores
in terms of Sleep Disturbances shows that there is a significant difference from bad to good.
And needs meds to sleep is interpreted from bad to good. There is a significant change in pre-
test and post-test of sleep efficiency and is interpreted as very good.While the sleep latency is
interpreted as good both pre-test and post-test.It is noteworthy that the pre-test and post-test of
day dysfunction due to sleepiness shows a result of bad to good.

Table 6. Test of Relationship between the Pretest and Post Test Sleep Quality (Good &
Poor) of other shifts of Hemodialysis.

Pretest Post test

(frequency/ percentage) (frequency/ percentage)

Good 2 (20%) 8 (80%)

Poor 8 (80%) 2 (20%)

Eighty percent of the respondents (F=8) had a poor sleep quality during pre test and the
remaining 20% (F=2) had a good sleep quality. While during the post test, majority of the
respondents (F=8) had a good sleep quality and the remaining 20% (F=2) had a poor sleep
quality. The findings indicates that after hemodialysis, quality of sleep improved.

OTHER SHIFT

PSQI Scores PSQI Scores (Post test) p-value

(Pretest)
Good Poor

Good 2 0 0.031
Poor 6 2

The table above shows that there is a significant difference (p=0.031) in the PSQI scores of pre-
test and post-test in the other-shift HD.Six respondents had a positive change from poor sleep
quality to good sleep quality. While two respondents had a constant Good sleep quality and
the other two remained Poor.
Table 7. SOP #3: What is the total sleep quality index of patients after one month in:
a. Morning shift
b. Other-shift

Frequency p-value
Morning Other shift
(Percentage)

Good 4 (40%) 8 (80%) 0.068

Poor 6 (60%) 2 (20%)

After one month of undergoing hemodialysis, majority of the respondents, (F=6 ) In morning
shift HD had a poor sleep quality index while the remaining 40% (F=4) of the respondents had a
good sleep quality index.While majority of the respondents in the other-shift HD had a good
sleep quality index and the remaining 20% (F=2) of the respondents had a poor sleep quality.
The findings shows no significant difference.
Table 8. SOP #4. Test of Relationship between Sleep Quality measures of Morning-shift
and other-shift of Hemodialysis.

Post Test
Measures of
Morning t-Value dF p-Value
PSQI Other Shift
Shift
1. Sleep 0.3 (0.949) 0.3 (0.483) 0 18 1
Duration

2. Sleep 1.7 (0.675) 1.3 (0..483) -1.524 18 0.145

Disturbanc
e.

3. Sleep
Latency 1.4 (1.074) 0.8 (0.789) -1.423 18 0.172

4. Day
Dysfunctio
n due to 2.2 (0.919) 0.7 (1.059) -3.382 18 0.003
Sleepiness

5. Sleep
Efficiency 0.4 (0.516) 0 (0) -2.449 18 0.025

6. Overall
Sleep 1.9 (1.100) 0.9 (0.994) -2.864 18 0.010
Quality

7. Need Meds
to Sleep 1.3 (1.059) 0.8 (0.789) -1.197 18 0.247
The table above shows the Post-Test relationship between Sleep Quality measures of Morning-
shift and Other-shift Hemodialysis.The overall sleep quality of morning shift and other shifts HD
showed that there is a significant difference (p=0.010) and is interpreted as bad to good.
However, no significant difference was found in the morning shift and other shifts HD in terms
of sleep duration (t= 0, p=1. The sleep duration is interpreted as Very Good between morning
shift and other shifts HD. The findings found between the morning shift and other shifts HD in
terms of Sleep Disturbances was interpreted as bad to good. And needs meds to sleep is
interpreted as both good during both shifts. There is a significant difference in the sleep
efficiency of both shifts and is interpreted as very good .While the sleep latency is interpreted as
good in both shifts.And in terms of day dysfunction due to sleepiness ,it shows that there is a
significant difference both shifts as result shows bad to very good.

One of the Sleep measures of Sleep quality is Sleep Duration. During Morning-Shift in
the Post Test, the Sleep Duration of the patient is 0.3 in average or 0 (SD: 0.95) which means
that the sleep duration during Morning-Shift is very good. While in Other-Shifts, the Post Tests
have an average of 0.3 or 0 (SD: 0.48) which means the patients have a very good sleep
duration. When we compare the Sleep duration during Post Test of the Hemodialysis patients in
the morning-shift and other-shifts, we get the P-value which is 1.00 (Cl= 95%, t= 0.00, df=9).
Since the P-value= 1.00 is greater than the = 0.025, we accept the Ho. The result from the
analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in the Sleep Duration between the
Morning-shift and Other-shifts of Hemodialysis patients.
Chapter 4.2. Discussion

4.2.1. Relationship of Demographic and Social characteristics and Hemodialysis

backgrounds to the Sleep Quality Index of the respondents
Coffee drinking is associated with the sleep quality of the respondents. According to the
table (X) respondents who drink coffee have Poor sleep quality. Reading from the same table,
it can also be seen that even drinking one cup of coffee a day has a significant correlation value
with Poor sleep quality index. Other measures have a change in values; however, no
significant relationship was established.

4.2.2. Effects of Hemodialysis shifting on the Sleep Quality measures and Sleep quality
index of the respondents
It was seen on the above table that both pre -test and post test during morning-shift have
a significant effect to the sleep quality measures and sleep quality index of the respondents .
Reading from the result on the above table, respondents who are undergoing HD during pre-test
and post -test have experience some sleep disturbances and had a bad overall sleep sleep
quality. During morning shift, respondents have an average of 19 minutes sleep latency while on
the other-shift it was resulted to have an average of 32 minutes sleep latency. The findings also
shows that respondents experience a day dysfunction due to sleepiness and they also take
meds in order for them to sleep on both pre-test and post-test. And and in terms of their sleep
efficiency and sleep duration, it was rated as very good for both pre-test and post-test.
In terms of morning shift HD, it was also shown on the above table that during pre-test,
majority of the respondents (f=7) had a poor sleep quality and during post test, sixty percent
(f=6) of the respondents had also a poor sleep quality which signifies that on both pre-test and
post-test, repondents had a poor sleep quality index.

Tables above, regarding the other shifts of Hemodialysis, also shows different
associations of the shift to certain variables. Sleep latency (p=0.029), sleep efficiency (p=0.037),
and overall sleep quality (p=0.039), all showed significant changes during pretest and post test.
The sleep latency was associated with a sleep quality of 30 minutes in pretest and 10.7 minutes
in the post-test. THe sleep efficiency, on the other hand, showed better improvement in post
test. Even though the initial rating is already Very Good, the statistical test showed a
significant change denoting that there has been a significant change in the values of the post
test. It means that more patient had Very Good rating compared to their initial individual
ratings. The overall sleep quality, on the contrary, changed from Bad to Good.
Minimal change also occurred in other sleep quality measures of the patient, such as in
Sleep Disturbances that changed from Bad to Good. This was also evidenced as almost all
of the disturbances decreased by one level.
We can also observe that getting up to go to the bathroom and feelings of pain at night
are the most often sleep disturbances experienced by the respondents from the other shifts of
hemodialysis.
4.2.3. Effects of Morning-shift and other shifts of Hemodialysis on the Sleep Quality
measures and Sleep quality index of the respondents
According to Table 7, there are more Good sleep quality index in other shifts (f = 8,
80%) than in Morning-shift hemodialysis (f = 4, 40%). However, this change is not significant as
evidenced in the result of the p-value (p=0.068).
In Table 8, we have associated the shifting to the seven sleep quality measures. And it
shows that significant differences were established in Day Dysfunction (p=0.003), Sleep
Efficiency (p=0.025), and Overall Sleep quality (p=0.010).
There were also minimal differences in sleep measures of Morning-shift HD against
other shifts of HD. In Sleep Disturbances, Morning-shift group have a Bad score while, on the
other-shift, majority of the respondents have a Good score. As tabulated above, most of the
respondents in morning-shift during the post test observation, have Bad rating most commonly
in waking up at in the middle of the and getting up to use the bathroom. Compared to other
shifts of HD wherein the rating is Good with getting up at night to use bathroom and pain are
experienced once or twice a week.
Even though the Sleep Latency interpretation is the same, there is still a slight difference
in the latency (in minutes) with respondents from morning-shift and other shifts of hemodialysis.
Morning-shift respondents had an average of 32 minutes of Sleep latency while respondents
from the other shifts had an average latency of 10.7 minutes.
THeres a little to none patient who uses medications to induce sleep in both shift group.
This result supports the table X above that shows no significant difference with the two groups.