S

I
U
Lab (Specimen) Conventional Units
n
it
s
1
1
-
1
Acetylcholinesterase (RBC) 5
11,000 - 15,000 IU/L
k
I
U
/
L
0
.
0
-
3
Acid Phosphatase Prostatic(Immunoassay) Serum .
0.0-3.5 ng/mL
5
n
g
/
m
L
0
.
0
-
Acid Phosphatase, Total, Serum (Enzymatic) 4
0.0-4.3 U/L
.
3
U
/
L
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH) (<70 pg/mL). <
(Plasma). Immunoassay Male and female: 1
1 week- 9 yrs: 5-46 5
pg/mL. p
10 -18 yrs: 6-55 m
pg/mL. o
 l/
Female: >/=19 yrs: 6 - L
58 pg/mL.
Male: >/=19 yrs: 7 -69
pg/mL
M
a
l
e
s
0
-
3
5
U
Alanine Aminotransferase(ALT), Serum /
L
Formerly SGPT [Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase] ;
Males 0 - 35 U/L;
Normal: 5 - 35 IU/dL. F
Females 0 - 20 U/L
Found in heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. e
Much more specific marker of liver injury than AST. m
a
l
e
s
0
-
2
0
U
/
L
3
0
-
Albumin (Serum) 5
3.5 - 5 g/dL
0
g
/
L
Aldosterone (Serum) Postur
e Sup Upri
Age
Unspe ine ght
cified
 0-6 5.0 -
day 102.0
s ng/dL
1-3 6.0 -
wee 179.0
ks ng/dL
1-
7.0 -
11
99.0
mon
ng/dL
ths
1-2 7.0 -
year 93.0
s ng/dL
3-
4.0 -
10
44.0
year
ng/dL
s
11-
4.0 -
14
31.0
year
ng/dL
s
15
year 16.0 4.0-
31.0
s ng/d 31.0
ng/dL
and L or ng/d
or less
olde less L
r

Alkaline phosphataseIsoenzymes Male: Female:

Serum or plasma: Serum or pl
0-30 days: 60-320 U/L 0-30 days: 60
1-11 months: 70-350 U/L 1-11 months:
1-3 years: 125-320 U/L 1-3 years: 12
4-6 years: 150-370 U/L 4-6 years: 15
7-9 years: 150-440 U/L 7-9 years: 15
10-11 years: 150-470 U/L 10-11 years:
12-13 years: 160-500 U/L 12-13 years:
14-15 years: 130-530 U/L 14-15 years:
16-19 years: 60-270 U/L 16-19 years:
20 and older: 40-120 U/L 20 and older:
Bone: Bone:
1-6 years: 0-208 U/L 1-6 years: 0-1
 7-9 years: 0-264 U/L 7-9 years: 0-2
10-15 years: 0-340 U/L 10-13 years:
16-19 years: 0-165 U/L 14-15 years:
20 and older: 0-55 U/L 16+ years: 0-
Liver: Liver:
1-6 years: 0-145 U/L 1-9 years: 0-1
7-11 years: 0-182 U/L 10-15 years:
12-15 years: 0-226 U/L 16+ years: 0-
16-19 years: 0-114 U/L
20+ years: 0-94 U/L

Ammonia, Plasma 1
0
-
4
7

m
o
l/
L

A
lt
s
0.17 - 0.80 g/mL
o
Alt Source: 15-45
u
g/dl
r
c
e
:
1
1
-
3
2

m
o
l/
L
Amylase, Isoenzymes (Serum) Component Reference Interval
18 months-6 years: 0-
Pancreatic amylase
7-17 years: 9-39 U/L
 18 years and older: 12
Salivary amylase 18 months and older:
18 -35 months: 19-92
3 -4 years: 26-106 U/
5-12 years: 30-119 U
Total amylase 13 years and older: 3

ALT:
35 -118 IU/L (0.58 -1

Anion Gap
Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) Titer
(Negative) <1:40 Titer

Antithrombin III Activity(Plasma) N

o
r
m
a
l
r
1-4 days: 39-87% e
5-29 days: 41-93% f
30-89 days: 48-108% e
90-179 days: 73-121% r
180-364 days: 84- e
124% n
1-6 years: 82-139% c
7-9 years: 96-135% e
10-11 years: 92-134% r
12-13 years: 92-128% a
14-15 years: 95-135% n
16-17 years: 94-131% g
18 years and older: e
76-128% :
6
9
-
1
3
2
%
 8
0
0
-
1
Antithrombin ??? (AT ???)
80-120 U/dL 2
0
0
U
/
L
<
1
k
Anti-Thyroglobulin AntibodyScreen (Serum) <1.0 IU/mL
U
/
L
0
.
8
-
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (Serum) 2
80-200 mg/dL
.
0
g
/
L

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

U
si
n
Aspartate Aminotransferase(AST), Serum g
t
Formerly SGOT [Serum glutamic oxaloacetic h
(<42 U/L )
transaminase] e
Males: 0 - 37 U/L
Normal: 5 - 35 IU/dL. A
Females: 0 - 31 U/L
Found in heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. S
T
Not as specific a marker as ALT for liver injury. /
A
L
T
r
a
ti
o
c
a
n
h
e
l
p
i
n
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
ti
a
l
d
i
a
g
n
o
si
s

A
S
T
/
A
L
T
>
2
i
n
d
ic
 a
t
e
s
c
h
r
o
n
ic
a
lc
o
h
o
li
s
m
.

2
1
-
2
8
m
m
o
Bicarbonate:
l/
Arterial
21 - 28 mEq/L L
Venous
22 - 29 mEq/L 2
2
-
2
9
m
m
o
l/
L

Bilirubin, Direct(Conjugated) Serum

< 0.40 mg/dL 7

m
 o
l/
L

2
2

m
o
l/
L
A
lt
s
o
Bilirubin Total (Serum) < 1.3 mg/dL (0.1 -1.3 u
mg/dL) r
c
e
:
2
-
1
8

m
o
l/
L
2
.
5
-
1
0
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) (serum) 7 - 30 mg/dL .
Alternative source: 8- 7
25 mg/dL m
m
o
l
u
r
e
 a
/
L
A
lt
s
o
u
r
c
e
:
2
.
9
-
8
.
9
m
m
o
l/
L
Normal: < 0.8 mg/L
Low risk: <1.00 mg/L
C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Cardiac (Plasma) Average risk: 1.00 -
3.00 mg/L
High risk: >3.00 mg/L
M
a
l
e
:

<
Male: <13.8 pg/ml 1
Calcitonin (serum) Female: < 6.4 pg/ml 3
.
8
n
g
/
L
F
 e
m
a
l
e
:
<
6
.
4
n
g
/
L
2
.
1
2
8.5 - 10.3 mg/dL
-
2
Alt:
.
Calcium (Serum) 0-6 months: 8.9-11.0
5
mg/dL
7
7 mon to adults: 8.5-
m
10.6 mg/dL
m
o
l/
L
M
a
l
e
:
<
7
.
Male: <300 mg/day
Calcium (Urine) 5
Female: <250 mg/day
m
m
o
l/
d
a
y
F
 e
m
a
l
e
:
<
6
.
2
m
m
o
l/
d
a
y
B
ir
t
h
u
p
t
o
1
m
o
n
t
h
Calcium (Ionized) Serum 4.5 - 5.6 mg/dL
:
1
.
1
0
-
1
.
3
5
m
m
o
l/
 L
1
m
o
n
t
h
-
a
d
u
lt
:
1
.
1
1
-
1
.
3
0
m
m
o
l/
L
2
0
-
3
2
Carbon Dioxide (Serum) 20 - 32 mmol/L
m
m
o
l/
L
<
0
<2% of total Hb
Carboxyhemoglobin (blood) .
(nonsmoker)
0
2

Catecholamines Fractionated, Urine

Components Reference Interval
Free (Adults)
 Dopamine 60 - 610 g/24 hrs
Epinephrine 0 - 25 g/24 hrs
Norepinephrine 0 - 140 g/24 hrs

Catecholamines Fractionated, Plasma Supine

Components Reference Interval

Age
2-10 days 36-400 pg/mL
Epinephrine 11 days-3 months 55-200 pg/mL
4-11 months 55-440 pg/mL
12-23 months 36-640 pg/mL
24-35 months 18-440 pg/mL
3-17 yr 18-460 pg/mL
18 yr and older 10-200 pg/mL

Age
2-10 days 170-1180 pg/mL
Norepinephrine 11 days-3 months 370-2080 pg/mL
4-11 months 270-1120 pg/mL
12-23 months 68-1810 pg/mL
24-35 months 170-1470 pg/mL
3-17 yr 85-1250 pg/mL
18 yr and older 80-520 pg/mL

Dopamine 2 days and older: 0-20 pg/mL

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis (CSF)

95
-
10
Chloride (Serum) 95 - 108 mEq/L 8
m
m
ol/
 L

Cholesterol ATP III Classification of LDL,

Total, and HDL
Cholesterol(mg/dL)
LDL Cholesterol Primary Target
of Therapy:
Optimal: <100 mg/dL
Near optimal/above optimal: <100-
129 mg/dL
Borderline high: 130-159 mg/dL
High: 160-189 mg/dL
Very high: >189 mg/dL

Total Cholesterol
Desirable: < 200
Borderline high: 200-239
High: >/= 240

HDL Cholesterol
Low: < 40
High: > 60

18
0-
57
0
se
c
10
-
Coagulation screen:
13
Bleeding time:
se
Prothrombin time:
c
PTT (activated):
22
Protein C:
-
Protein S :
37
se
c
3-9.5 min 70
10-13 sec 0-
22-37 sec 14
0.7-1.4 /ml 00
0.7-1.4 /ml U/
 ml
70
0-
14
00
U/
ml

Complement C3 (Serum) 0.
75
-
75 - 161 mg/dL.
1.
Alt: 90-180 mg/dL
61
g/
L

0.
16
-
Complement C4 (Serum) 16 - 47 mg/dL 0.
47
g/
L

Complete blood count (CBC)

Hematocrit

Age 0.5-2 yr 3-6 yr 7-12 yr 13+ yr

Male % 30.9-37.0% 31.7-37.7% 32.7-39.3% 40.8-51.9%
Female % 31.2-37.2% 32.0-37.1% 33.0-36.9% 34.3-46.6%

Hemoglobin

Age 61-180 days 0.5-2 yr 3-6 yr 7-12 yr 13+ yr

Male (g/dL) 9.7-12.2 10.3-12.4 10.5-12.7 11.0-13.3 14.6-17.8
Female (g/dL) 9.7-12.0 10.4-12.4 10.7-12.7 10.9-13.3 12.1-15.9

Red Blood Cell Count

Age 61-180 days 0.5-2 yr 3-6 yr 7-12 yr 13+ yr

Male (M/L) 3.50-4.70 4.10-5.00 4.00-4.90 4.00-4.90 4.69-6.07
Female (M/L) 3.40-4.60 4.10-4.90 4.00-4.90 4.00-4.90 3.88-5.46

White Blood Cell Count

Age 61-180 days 0.5-2 yr 3-6 yr 7-12 yr 13+ yr

Male (K/L) 6.9-15.7 6.2-14.5 5.3-11.5 4.5-10.5 3.2-10.6
Female (K/L) 6.8-16.0 6.4-15.0 5.3-11.5 4.7-10.3 3.2-10.6

MCV

Age 61-180 days 0.5-2 yr 2-6 yr 6-12 yr > 12 yr

Male (fL) 73.6-86.6 70.5-81.2 72.7-83.6 75.9-86.5 77.8-94.0
Female (fL) 74.7-87.6 71.5-81.8 73.8-84.3 76.8-87.6 77.8-94.0

MCH

Age 61-180 days 0.2-2 yr 2-6 yr 6-12 yr > 12 yr

Male (pg) 24.5-29.1 23.2-27.5 24.1-28.4 25.4-29.4 26.5-32.6
25.4-
Female (pg) 24.7-29.6 23.5-27.6 24.3-28.6 26.5-32.6
29.6

MCHC

Age 61-180 days 0.5-2 yr 2-6 yr 6-12 yr > 12 yr

Male (g/dL) 32.0-35.1 31.9-35.0 31.9-35.1 32.2-35.2 32.7-36.9
Female (g/dL) 32.0-35.1 31.8-34.8 31.9-35.0 31.9-35.0 32.7-36.9

RDW:
12 yr and older: 10.8-14.1%
Platelets

Age 61-180 days 0.5-2 yr 3-6 yr 7-12 yr 13 + yr

Male (K/L) 275-566 219-452 204-405 194-364 177-406
Female (K/L) 288-598 229-465 204-402 183-369 177-406
 MPV:
12 yr and older: 5.9-9.8 fL

SI
U
Lab (Specimen) Conventional Units
ni
ts
11
-
24
.4
Copper (serum) 70 - 155 g/dL

m
ol/
L
55
-
24
8
Cortisol, free (Urine) 20 - 90 g/day n
m
ol/
da
y

Cortisol (serum) A
M:
11
0-
60
7
n
m
ol/
AM: 4.3 - 22.4 g/dL; L
PM: 3.1-16.7 g/dL P
M:
83
-
46
9
n
m
ol/
L
C-peptide (serum) 0.
26
-
1.
0.8 - 4.0 ng/mL 32
n
m
ol/
L

Creatine Kinase (CK) Componen

Reference Interval
ts
CK-MM 97-100%
CK-MB 0-3%
CK-BB 0%

Male Femal
Age:
: e:
0 to
108-
30
564 108-
Creatine days:
U/L 564
Kinase, 1
72- U/L
Total mont
367 72-367
h-19
U/L U/L
yrs:
20- 20-180
> 20
200 U/L
yrs
U/L
old:

</
=
10
6
Creatinine (Serum) 0.7 - 1.4 mg/dl (<1.2)

m
ol/
L

Creatinine (Urine) M
al
Male: 0.8 - 2.4 g/day e:
Female: 0.6 - 1.8 g/day 7.
1-
21
 .2
m
m
ol/
da
y
Fe
m
al
e:
5.
3-
15
.9
m
m
ol/
da
y
Fe
m
al
e:
<
12
yr:
50
-
90
m
Creatinine Clearance (CrCL) L/
Note: Creatinine clearance reference intervals are Male: mi
based on a body surface area of 1.73 square <12 yr: 50-90 mL/minute,
nu
>12 yr: 97-137 mL/minute
meters. te,

>
12
yr:
88
-
12
8
m
L/
mi
 nu
te
<
25
D-Dimer (plasma) < 250 g/L 0
g
/L
<
23
n
11-Deoxycortisol (serum) < 0.8 g/dL
m
ol/
L
M
al
e:
</
=
20
m
m/
Erythrocyte sedimentation hr
Male: </= 20 mm/hr
Fe
rate (ESR) (Blood) Female: </= 30 mm/hr
m
al
e:
</
=
30
m
m/
hr
<2
5
Erythropoietin (serum) <25 U/L
IU
/L
M
al
Male: 18 - 350 ng/mL
e:
Ferritin (serum) Female:
18
15 - 49 yr: 12 - 156 ng/mL
-
> 49 yr: 18 - 204 ng/mL
35
0
 g
/L
Fe
m
al
e:
15
-
49
yr
:
12
-
15
6
g
/L
>
49
yr
:
18
-
20
4
g
/L
2-
4
Fibrinogen (plasma) 200 - 400 mg/dL
g/
L
>
21
5
n
m
ol/
RBC: > 95 ng/mL L
Folic acid Serum: > 1.9 ng/mL >
4.
3
n
m
ol/
L
 1.
6-
2.
6
Fructosamine (serum) 1.6 - 2.6 mmol/L
m
m
ol/
L
<
20
0
n
g/
L
(n
o
nf
as
ti
< 200 pg/mL (nonfasting) n
Gastrin (serum) < 100 pg/mL (fasting) g)
<
10
0
n
g/
L
(f
as
ti
n
g)
50
-
20
Glucagon (Serum) 50 - 200 pg/mL 0
n
g/
L
<
6.
Glucose (fasting) plasma < 110 mg/dL 1
m
m
 ol/
L

Glucose (ADA goals) Blood sample drawn from a vein (a whole-blood

sample)
Before meals (fasting) 80 mg/dL to 120 mg/dL
100 mg/dL to 140
Bedtime:
mg/dL
Blood sample drawn from a fingertip (plasma
blood sample)
Before meals (fasting) 90 mg/dL to 130 mg/dL
110 mg/dL to 150
Bedtime:
mg/dL
Less than 180 mg/dL one to two hours after
meals.

The ADA also recommends a hemoglobin A1c

(HbA1c) target level of less than 7%.

5-
Glucose-6-phosphatedehyrogenase 13
5 - 13 U/g Hb
(G6PD)(Blood) U/g
Hb

Glucose tolerance test(GTT) Fasting Blood Glucose

Plasma
Normal
From 70 to 99 mg/dL
glucose
(3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L)
tolerance
Impaired
From 100 to 125
fasting
mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9
glucose (pre-
mmol/L)
diabetes)
> /= 126 mg/dL (7.0
mmol/L) on more
Diabetes
than one testing
occasion
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
(OGTT)
[except pregnancy]
(2 hours after a 75-gram glucose
drink)
Normal
Less than 140
glucose
mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
tolerance
Impaired
From 140 to 200
glucose
mg/dL (7.8 to 11.1
tolerance (pre-
mmol/L)
diabetes)
Over 200 mg/dL
(11.1 mmol/L) on
Diabetes
more than one
testing occasion

Gestational Diabetes Screening:

Glucose Challenge Test
(1 hour after a 50-gram glucose
drink)
Less than 140*
Normal glucose
mg/dL (7.8
tolerance
mmol/L)
140* mg/dL (7.8
Abnormal, needs
mmol/L) and
OGTT (see below)
over
* Some use a cutoff of >130 mg/dL
(7.2 mmol/L) because that identifies
90% of women with gestational
diabetes, compared to 80% identified
using the threshold of >140 mg/dL
(7.8 mmol/L).
 Gestational Diabetes Diagnostic: OGTT
(100-gram glucose drink)
95 mg/dL (5.3
Fasting*
mmol/L)
1 hour after 180 mg/dL (10.0
glucose load* mmol/L)
2 hours after 155 mg/dL (8.6
glucose load* mmol/L)
3 hours after 140 mg/dL (7.8
glucose load* ** mmol/L)
* If two or more values are above the
criteria, gestational diabetes is
diagnosed.
** A 75-gram glucose load may be
used, although this method is not as
well validated as the 100-gram
OGTT; the 3-hour sample is not
drawn if 75 grams is used.

Gamma GlutamylTransferase, Male: 8-61 U/L (< 65 U/L)

Serum (GTT) Female 5-36 U/L (< 45 U/L)

<8
Growth Hormone(serum) GH < 8 ng/mL
g/L

0.43
-
Haptoglobin (serum) 43 - 212 mg/dL
2.12
g/L

Hematocrit (Hct) Blood Male: 41 - 50 %

Female: 35 - 46%
 Mal
e:
138
-
172
Male: 13.8 - 17.2 g/dL g/L
Hemoglobin (Hb) Blood
Female: 12 - 15.6 g/dL Fem
ale:
120
-
156
g/L

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Blood
<6% of total Hb
AACE Guidelines (2011)
Hemoglobin A1c, % (as a
screening test)
5.4 - Normal
-------------------------
5.5-6.4 - High
risk/prediabetes; requires <0.0
screening by glucose criteria 6 of
------------------------- total
6.5 -Diabetes, confirmed by Hb
repeating the test on a
different day
=================
In general, therapy should
target a A1C level of 6.5% or
less for most nonpregnant
adults.

>/=
0.9
mm
High density >/= 35 mg/dL ol/L
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) Negative risk factor: Neg
Serum >/= 60 mg/dL ative
risk
fact
or:
 >/
=
1.55
mm
ol/L

6.1 -
15.0
mo
l/L
Alt:
Mal
6.1 - 15.0 mol/L
e: 4-
Homocysteine (plasma) Alt:
12
Male: 4-12 mol/L
mo
Female: 4-10 mol/L
l/L
Fem
ale:
4-10
mo
l/L

Human chorionicgonadotropin (hCG) Nonpregnant: Negative.

Qualitative (urine) Pregnant: positive

Mal
e: <
Male: < 2 IU/L 2
Premenopausal: < 5 IU/L IU/L
Human chorionic Postmenopausal: < 10 IU/L Pre
gonadotropin (hCG) Quantitative Pregnancy: men
(intact and free) Serum 0 - 2 wk: < 500 IU/L opa
2 - 3 wk: 100 - 5,000 IU/L usal:
3 - 4 wk: 500 - 10,000 IU/L <5
1 - 2 mo: 1,000 - 200,000 IU/L
IU/L Post
2-3 mo: 10,000 - 100,000 men
IU/L opa
usal:
< 10
 IU/L
Preg
nan
cy:
0-2
wk:
<
500
IU/L
2-3
wk:
100
-
5,00
0
IU/L
3-4
wk:
500
-
10,0
00
IU/L
1-2
mo:
1,00
0-
200,
000
IU/L
2-3
mo:
10,0
00 -
100,
000
IU/L

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids(urine) Male: 3 - 15 mg/day Mal

Female: 2 - 12 mg/day e:
38.3
 -
41.4
mo
l/day
Fem
ale:
5.5 -
33.1
mo
l/day

Immunoglobulin (serum) Immunoglob

ulin A,
Serum
0-30 9-11
days mo:
: 1-7 16-
mg/d 83
L mg/
1 dL
mont 1
h: 1- year
53 : 14-
mg/d 105
L mg/
2 dL
mo: 2 yr:
3-47 14-
mg/d 122
L mg/
3 dL
mo: 3 yr:
5-46 22-
mg/d 157
L mg/
4 dL
mo: 4 yr:
4-72 25-
mg/d 152
L mg/
5 dL
mo: 5-7
8-83 yr:
mg/d 33-
L 200
6 mg/
mo: dL
8-67 8-9
mg/d yr:
L 45-
7-8 234
mo: mg/
11- dL
89 > 10
mg/d yr:
L 68-
378
mg/
dL

Immunoglob
ulin G,
Serum
0-30 9-11
days mo:
: 282-
611- 102
1542 6
mg/d mg/
L dL
1 1
mont year
h: :
241- 331-
870 116
mg/d 4
L mg/
2 dL
mo: 2 yr:
198- 407-
577 100
mg/d 9
L mg/
3 dL
mo: 3 yr:
169- 423-
558 109
mg/d 0
L mg/
4 dL
mo: 4 yr:
188- 444-
536 118
mg/d 7
L mg/
5 dL
mo: 5-7
165- yr:
781 608-
mg/d 122
L 9
6 mg/
mo: dL
206- 8-9
676 yr:
mg/d 584-
L 150
7-8 9
mo: mg/
208- dL
868 > 10
mg/d yr:
L 768-
163
2
mg/
dL

Immunoglob
ulin M,
Serum
0-30 9-11
days mo:
: 0- 39-
24 142
mg/d mg/
L dL
1 1
mont year
h: : 41-
19- 164
83 mg/
mg/d dL
L 2 yr:
2 46-
mo: 160
16- mg/
100 dL
mg/d 3 yr:
L 45-
3 190
mo: mg/
23- dL
85 4 yr:
mg/d 41-
L 186
4 mg/
mo: dL
26- 5-7
96 yr:
mg/d 46-
L 197
5 mg/
mo: dL
31- 8-9
103 yr:
mg/d 49-
L 230
6 mg/
mo: dL
33- > 10
97 yr:
mg/d 60-
L 263
7-8 mg/
mo: dL
32-
120
mg/d
L

Immunoglob
ulin G
Subclass 1
Cord 5-6
bloo yr:
d: 330-
435- 106
1084 5
mg/d mg/
L dL
0-2 7-8
mo: yr:
218- 225-
498 110
mg/d 0
L mg/
3-5 dL
mo: 9-10
143- yr:
394 390-
mg/d 123
L 5
6-8 mg/
mo: dL
190- 11-
388 12
mg/d yr:
L 380-
9-23 142
mo: 0
288- mg/
880 dL
mg/d 13-
L 14
2 yr: yr:
170- 165-
950 144
mg/d 0
L mg/
3-4 dL
yr: > 15
290- yr:
1065 240-
mg/d 111
L 8
mg/
dL

Immunoglob
ulin G
Subclass 2
Cord
bloo
d: 5-6
143- yr:
453 57-
mg/d 345
L mg/
0-2 dL
mo: 7-8
40- yr:
167 42-
mg/d 375
L mg/
3-5 dL
mo: 9-10
23- yr:
147 61-
mg/d 430
L mg/
6-8 dL
mo: 11-
37- 12
60 yr:
mg/d 73-
L 455
9-23 mg/
mo: dL
30- 13-
327 14
mg/d yr:
L 71-
2 yr: 460
22- mg/
440 dL
mg/d > 15
L yr:
3-4 124-
yr: 549
28- mg/
315 dL
mg/d
L
Immunoglob
ulin G
Subclass 3
Cord 5-6
bloo yr:
d: 8-
27- 126
146 mg/
mg/d dL
L 7-8
0-2 yr:
mo: 9-
4-23 107
mg/d mg/
L dL
3-5 9-10
mo: yr:
4-70 10-
mg/d 98
L mg/
6-8 dL
mo: 11-
12- 12
62 yr:
mg/d 16-
L 194
9-23 mg/
mo: dL
13- 13-
82 14
mg/d yr:
L 12-
2 yr: 178
4-69 mg/
mg/d dL
L > 15
3-4 yr:
yr: 21-
4-71 134
mg/d mg/
L dL

Immunoglob
ulin G
Subclass 4
 5-6
Cord
yr:
bloo
2-
d: 1-
116
47
mg/
mg/d
dL
L
7-8
0-2
yr:
mo:
0-
1-33
138
mg/d
mg/
L
dL
3-5
9-
mo:
10
1-14
yr:
mg/d
1-95
L
mg/
6-8
dL
mo:
11-
1-16
12
mg/d
yr:
L
1-
9-23
153
mo:
mg/
1-65
dL
mg/d
13-
L
14
2 yr:
yr:
0-
2-
120
143
mg/d
mg/
L
dL
3-4
> 15
yr:
yr:
0-90
7-89
mg/d
mg/
L
dL

0.8
1-
81 - 463
Immunoglobulin (serum) IgA 4.6
mg/dL
3
g/L
 </
=
</= 14
Immunoglobulin (serum) IgD 0.1
mg/dL
4
g/L

<
43
< 180
Immunoglobulin (serum) IgE 2
U/mL
g/
L

Ig
G
1:
4.5
-
9.0
g/L
Ig
IgG
G
1: 450 -
2:
900
1.8
mg/dL
-
IgG
5.3
2: 180 -
g/L
Immunoglobulin (serum) IgGSubclasses 530
Ig
mg/dL
G
IgG
3:
3: 13 -
0.1
80 mg/dL
3-
IgG 4: 8
0.8
- 100
0
mg/dL
g/L
Ig
G
4:
0.0
8-
1.0
g/L

723 - 7.2
Immunoglobulin (serum) IgG(total) 1685 3-
mg/dL 16.
 85
g/L

0.4
8-
48 - 271
Immunoglobulin (serum) IgM 2.7
mg/dL
1
g/L

36
-
17
5 - 25
Insulin (serum) 9
U/mL
pm
ol/
L

4-
30
25 - 170
Iron (serum) m
g/dL
ol/
L

%
sat
ur
Iron binding capacity (serum) Percent ati
saturatio on
% transferrin saturation = n = 12 - =
(100 x total iron) / Total iron-binding capacity 57% 0.1
2-
0.5
7

Male:
17 - 80
mol/d
17-
ay
Ketogenic st Male: 5 - 23 mg/day
Female
eroids(urine) Female: 3 - 15 mg/day
: 10 -
52
mol/d
ay
Lactate
dehydrogena LD-1: 14-30% of total
se LDH(seru LD-2: 29-48% of total
m) LD-3: 16-25% of total
isoenzymes LD-4: 8-12% of total
LD-5: 6-20% of total

LactateDehy 0 up to 30 days: 200-465 U/L

drogenase, 1-17 months: 200-450 U/L
Total: Alt: >
18 mo-10 yr: 165-430 U/L
17yr:
11-16 years: 127-287 U/L
</= 4.5
> 17 yrs: 105-230 U/L
kat/L
Alt: > 17yr: </= 270 U/L

Lactic acid (p
1.0 -
lasma
9 - 16 mg/dL 1.8
(venous))
mmol/L

Lead (blood)
< 1.21
< 25 g/dL
mol/L

Lipase (seru 0.12 -

m) 7 - 60 U/L 1.00
kat/L

Desira
ble: <
3.36
mmol/L
Borderl
Low density
ine-
lipoprotein (L
Desirable: < 130 mg/dL high:
DL)cholesterol
Borderline-high: 130 -159mg/dL 3.
(serum)
High: >/= 160 mg/dL 36 -
4.11
mmol/L
High:
>/=
4.14
mmol/L
Luteinizing Male Female
hormone Age
(IU/L) (IU/L)
(LH) serum
0-23 mo 0.5-1.9 0.0-0.5
2-10 y 0.0-0.5 0.0-0.5
11-20 y 0.5-5.3 0.5-9.0
20-70 y 1.5-9.3 0.0-76.3
70-100 y 3.1-34.6 5.0-52.3
Follicular: 2.4 - 12.6
Midcycle: 14 - 95.6
Luteal: 1.0 - 11.4
Pregnant: 0.0-1.5
Postmenopausal: 7.7 - 58.5
Contraceptives: 0.7-5.6
Tanner Stage
I 0.0-1.0 IU/L 0.0-9.3 IU/L
II 0.0-3.6 IU/L 0.0-16.0 IU/L
III 0.2-6.4 IU/L 0.0-23.0 IU/L
IV & V 0.9-8.3 IU/L 0.0-19.1 IU/L

Lymphocyte Age: Age: Age:

surface Components
0-11 mo 12-23mo > 2 yr
markers (T
cell) Blood % CD4 (Helper T-cells) 38-62% 31-54% 32-62%
Absolute CD4 1580-4850 1020-3600 381-1469
% CD45RA (Naive helper T-cells) 15-70% 15-70% 3-38%
Absolute CD45RA 200-3400 200-3400 44-869
% CD45RO
5-30% 5-30% 16-46%
(Memory helper T-cells)
50-1500 50-1500 92-1040
Absolute CD45RO
% CD8 (Suppressor T-cells) 16-34% 16-38% 12-45%
Absolute CD8 680-2470 570-2230 196-1060
CD4: CD8 ratio 1.17-6.62 1.17-6.62 0.80-5.00
% CD3 (Total T-cells) 58-85% 53-81% 58-87%
Absolute CD3 2170-6500 1460-5440 684-2170
% CD19 (B-cells) 11-45% 11-45% 5-23%
Absolute CD19 430-3300 430-3300 116-613
% NK-cells 3-19% 3-19% 4-27%
Absolute NK-cells 80-340 80-340 76-570

95% CI
Age Percentage (min/max) Cells/mm3 (min/max)
Minimum Minimum
CD3 Neonates 28 - 76 600 -5000
1 wk - 2
60 - 85 2300 -7000
mo
2-5 mo 48 -75 2300 -6500
5-9 mo 50 -77 2400 -6900
9-15 mo 54 -76 1600 -6700
15-24 mo 39 -73 1400 -8000
2-5 y 43 -76 900 -4500
5-10 y 55 -78 700 -4200
10-16 y 52 -78 800 -3500
Adults 58 -86 622 -2402
CD3+CD4+ Neonates 17 -52 400 -3500
1 wk - 2
41 -68 1700 -5300
mo
2-5 mo 33 -58 1500 -5000
5-9 mo 33 -58 1400 -5100
9-15 mo 31 -54 1000 -4600
15-24 mo 25 -50 900 -5500
2-5 y 23 -48 500 -2400
5-10 y 27 -53 300 -2000
10-16 y 25 -48 400 -2100
Adults 31 -59 359 -1519
CD3+CD8+ Neonates 10 -41 200 -1900
1 wk - 2
9 -23 400 -1700
mo
2-5 mo 11 -25 500 -1600
5-9 mo 13 -26 600 -2200
9-15 mo 12 -28 400 -2100
15-24 mo 11 -32 400 -2300
2-5 y 14 -33 300 -1600
5-10 y 19 -34 300 -1800
10-16 y 9 -35 200 -1200
Adults 12 -36 109 -897
T4:T8 ratio Adults 0.92 -3.72
CD19+ Neonates 5 -22 40 -1100
1 wk - 2
4 -26 600 -1900
mo
2-5 mo 14 -39 600 -3000
5-9 mo 13 -35 700 -2500
9-15 mo 15 -39 600 -2700
15-24 mo 17 -41 600 -3100
2-5 y 14 -44 200 -2100
5-10 y 10 -31 200 -1600
10-16 y 8 -24 200 -600
Adults 3 -25 12 -645
CD3-CD56+ Neonates 6 -58 100 -1900
1 wk - 2
3 -23 200 -1400
mo
2-5 mo 2 -14 100 -1300
5-9 mo 2 -13 100 -1000
9-15 mo 3 -17 200 -1200
15-24 mo 3 -16 100 -1400
 2-5 y 4 -23 100 -1000
5-10 y 4 -26 90 -900
10-16 y 6 -27 70 -1200
Adults 1 -19 24 -406
Pediatric reference intervals are from Comans-Bitter WM, et al,
Immunophenotyping of Blood Lymphocytes in Childhood, J Pediatrics,
1997, 130:388-93

1.5 - 2.4 mEq/L 0.75 - 1.2

mmol/L
Magnesium (serum) Critical value:
<1.0 mEq/L and >4.7 Critical
mEq/L value:
<0.5 mmol/L
and >2.35
mmol/L

Mercury (blood)
< 1 g/dL < 50 nmol/L

Methemoglobin (blood) <0.02 of total

<2% of total Hb
Hb

Myelin basic protein(CSF)

<4 ng/mL <4 g/L

Myoglobin (serum)
< 55 ng/mL <55 g/L

Osmolality (serum) 278 - 305

278 - 305 mOsm/kg
mmol/kg

Osmolality (urine) 50 - 1200

50 - 1200 mOsm/kg
mmol/kg
Oxalate (urine) 456
40 mg/day
mol/day

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1.2 - 5.8

11 - 54 pg/ml
intact (serum) pmol/L

Partial thromboplastin time

(PTT) (plasma) 20 - 36 sec 20 - 36 sec

Phosphorus (serum) 0.81 - 1.45

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL
mmol/L

Platelet count (blood) 150 - 450 x

150,000 - 450,000/L
109/L

Potassium (serum) 3.5 - 5

3.5 - 5 mEq/L
mmol/L

Prealbumin (serum) 180 - 450

18 - 45 mg/dL
mg/L

Female:
0-8 days: 0-8
ng/mL
9 days-12
years: 0-1.0
ng/mL
Progesterone (serum) Follicular:
Male: 0.2-0.8
0.3-1.0 ng/mL ng/mL
Luteal: 4.1-
23.7 ng/mL
Mid-luteal:
4.5-25.2
ng/mL
Postmenopa
us.: 0.1-0.6
 ng/mL
1st trimester:
11.2-90.0
ng/mL
2nd
trimester:
25.6-89.4
ng/mL
3rd trim:
48.4-422.5
ng/mL

Prolactin (serum) Male Female

Age
(ng/mL) (ng/mL)
<1 mo 3.7-81.2 0.3-95.0
1-11 mo 0.3-28.9 0.2-29.9
1-3 y 2.3-13.2 1.0-17.0
4-6 y 0.8-16.9 1.6-13.1
7-9 y 1.9-11.6 0.3-12.9
10-12 y 0.9-12.9 1.9-9.6
13-15 y 1.6-16.6 3.0-14.4
2.8-29.2
Nonpregnant: 2.8-29.2
Adults 2.1-17.7
Pregnant: 9.7-208.5
Postmenopausal: 1.8-20.3

Prostate specific antigen

(PSA) (serum) Male 0.0 - 4 ng/mL 0.0 - 4 g/L

Protein, total (serum)

6.0 - 8.5 g/dL 60 - 85 g/L

Protein, total (urine)

< 150 mg/day < 150 mg/day
Protein C
activity (plasma) 70 - 140% of nml 0.7 - 1.4 of nml

Protein C
antigen (plasma) 70 - 140% of nml 0.7 - 1.4 of nml

Protein Total protein 60

electrophoresis(serum) - 85 g/L
Total protein 6 - 8.5 g/dL Albumin
Albumin 36 -48 g/L
56.0 - 69.7% | 3.6 -4.8 g/dL Alpha-1
Alpha-1 globulins globulins
1.4 - 2.9% | 0.1 -0.2 g/dL 1- 2 g/L
Alpha-2 globulins Alpha-2
7.3 - 12.6% | 0.5 -0.8 g/dL globulins
Beta globulins 5 - 8 g/L
9.0 - 14.8% | 0.6 -1.0 g/dL Beta globulins
Gamma globulins 6 - 10 g/L
8.0 - 18.2% | 0.5 -1.3 g/dL Gamma
globulins
5 - 13 g/L

Male: 0.7 - 1.5

Protein S
Male: 70 - 150% of nml of nml
activity (plasma)
Female: 58 - 130% of nml Female: 0.58 -
1.3 of nml

Male: 0.7 - 1.4

Protein S
Male: 70 - 140% of nml of nml
antigen (plasma)
Female: 70 - 140% of nml Female: 0.7 -
1.4 of nml

Prothrombin time 9 - 12.5 seconds 9 - 12.5 seconds

(PT) (plasma)
INR: International Normalized Ratio.
The INR serves to normalize results
obtained from different laboratories for
the variable responsiveness of different
thromboplastin reagents. Each
thromboplastin is assigned an
International Sensitivity Index (ISI)
based on comparison to an
international reference thromboplastin
 from the World Health Organization.
The formula for calculating the INR is:
INR = [patient's results/normal patient
average](ISI)

Pyruvate (blood)
0.3 - 0.9 mg/dL 34 - 102 mol/L

Male: 4.4 - 5.8 x

RBC Count Male: 4.4 - 5.8 x 106/L 1012/L
Female: 3.9 - 5.2 x 106/L Female: 3.9 -
5.2 x 1012/L

RBC Indices (blood) MCV (mean corpuscular volume):

78 - 102 fL (adult)
Alt:
Age 0.5-2 yr 2-6 yr 6-12 yr > 12 yr
70.5- 72.7- 75.9- 77.8-
Male (fL)
81.2 83.6 86.5 94.0
Female 71.5- 73.8- 76.8- 77.8-
(fL) 81.8 84.3 87.6 94.0

MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin):

27 - 33 pg (adult)
Alt:
Age 0.5-2 yr 2-6 yr 6-12 yr > 12 yr
23.2- 24.1- 25.4- 26.5-
Male (pg)
27.5 28.4 29.4 32.6
Female 23.5- 24.3- 25.4- 26.5-
(pg) 27.6 28.6 29.6 32.6

MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin conc):

32 - 36 g/dL (adult)
Alt:

Age 0.5-2 yr 2-6 yr 6-12 yr > 12 yr

Male (g/dL) 31.9- 31.9- 32.2- 32.7-
 35.0 35.1 35.2 36.9
Female 31.8- 31.9- 31.9- 32.7-
(g/dL) 34.8 35.0 35.0 36.9

RDW (RBC distribution width):

> 12 yr: 10.8 - 14.1% (< 15%)

Renin activity (plasma) Adult, normal sodium diet:

Supine: 0.2-1.6 ng/mL/hr
Upright: 0.5-4.0 ng/mL/hr

Children, normal sodium diet, supine:

1-12 mon: 2.4-37.0 ng/mL/hr
13 mo-3 yr: 1.7-11.2 ng/mL/hr
4-5 years: 1.0-6.5 ng/mL/hr
6-10 years: 0.5-5.9 ng/mL/hr
11-15 years: 0.5-3.3 ng/mL/hr

Reticulocyte count (blood) 0.5 - 2.3% of RBCs 0.005 -

0.023
Age | Abs Reticulocyte Range of
1 - 3 Days: 77 - 283 K/mm3 RBCs
4 - 30 Days: 14 - 159 K/mm3
31 - 60 Days: 28 - 201 K/mm3
60d - Adult: 12 - 130 K/mm3

Rheumatoid factor (serum) <40

< 40 IU/mL
kIU/L

>0.07
of
adminis
tered
Schilling test (urine) oral
>7% of administered oral dose of
dose of
radiolabeled B12 in 24 hour urine.
radiolab
eled
B12 in
24 hour
urine.
 0.26 -
Serotonin (blood)
46 - 319 ng/mL 1.81
mol/L

SGOT - Serum glutamic

oxaloacetic transaminase See: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

SGPT - Serum glutamic

pyruvic transaminase See: Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

135 -
Sodium (serum)
135 - 145 meq/L 145
mmol/L

Male:
90 -
318
Somatomedin-C (serum) Male: 90 - 318 ng/mL g/L
Female: 116 - 270 ng/mL Female
: 116 -
270
g/L

T3 (Triiodothyronine) 0-6 years: 2.4 -4.2 pg/mL 3.5 -

Free(serum) 7-17 years: 2.9-5.1 pg/mL 6.5
> 18 years old: 2.3- 4.2 pg/mL pmol/L

Adults:
0.11 -
0.32
T3 (Triiodothyronine)
Birth-6 days: 600 -2500 pg/mL ng/ml
Reverse (RT3) (serum)
> 7 days old: 90 -350 pg/mL
0.04 -
0.29
nmol/L

Cord blood: 14 -86 ng/dL Adults:

T3 (Triiodothyronine) 1-7 days: 100 -470 ng/dL 0.8 -
Total (serum) 8- 364 days: 105 -245 ng/dL 2.0
1 -9 years: 94 -269 ng/dL ng/ml
10-19 years: 102 -200 ng/dL
> 20 years old: 80 -200 ng/dL 0.9 -
2.8
 nmol/L

T4 (thyroxine) Free (serum) 10 - 23

0.8 - 1.8 ng/dL
pmol/L

58 -
T4 (thyroxine) Total (serum)
4.5 - 12.5 g/dL 161
nmol/L

Male: 300 to 1000 ng/dL

Female: < 62 ng/dL

ALT: Male:
Male: 6.7 -
Testosterone - total (serum) 14-15 yr: 33-585 ng/dL 28.9
16-17 yr: 185-886 ng/dL nmol/L
18-39 yr: 400-1080 ng/dL Female
40-59 yr: 350-890 ng/dL : < 2.1
> 60 yr: 350-720 ng/dL nmol/L

Tanner Stage IV: 165-854 ng/dL

Tanner Stage V: 194-783 ng/dL

10 -
Thrombin time (plasma)
10 - 13.5 sec 13.5 se
c

Thyroglobulin (serum) </= 60

</= 60 ng/mL
g/L

0.5 - 4.70 IU/mL

Thyroid-stimulating hormone
0.5 -
(TSH) (serum)
American Association of Clinical 4.70
Endocrinologists guidelines changed their mIU/L
normal range for TSH to 0.3 - 3.04 mIU/L.

Depending on the lab: Depend

Electrophoresis: ing on
Thyroxine-binding globulin
10 - 24 mg/dL the lab:
(TBG) (serum)
Electro
Radioimmunoassay is used: phoresi
1.3 - 2.0 mg/dL s:
 10 - 24
mg/dL

Radioi
mmuno
assay
is
used:
1.3 -
2.0
mg/dL

Thyroid Function Thyroid Function Testing

Tests
Thyroid Measurement Normal Range
Alternative source:
Function Test
Total T4 (TT4) bound and free 4.5 -11.5 ug/dL
T4
Free T4 (FT4) free T4 0.8 -2.8 ng/dL
Free T4 Index estimate of free 1.0 -4.3 U
(FT4I) T4
FT4I = TT4 x
RT3U
Total T3 (TT3) bound and free 75 -200 ng/dL
T3
Resin T3 Uptake binding capacity 25 -35%
(RT3U) of TBG
TRH TRH 5 -25 mIu/mL
TSH TSH 0.3 - 5.0 U/mL
Thyroglobulin Thyroglobulin 5-25 ng/mL
Radioactive Distribution of 5 hr 5 to 15%
Iodine Uptake radiolabeled 24 hr 15 to 35%
(RAIU) iodine in the
thyroid
Notes:
Free T4 - much more useful then total T4 (e.g. interested
in unbound or active form). Total T4 not commonly
measured. Greatly affected by TBG.
Free T4 index: indirect measure of free T4. Corrects for
high/low values of TBG.
Total T3: not as useful as free T3, however, may be
useful in locating problems with TBG, or if looking for
 problems with peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.
Resin T3 Uptake: if low, then TBG binding capacity is
high. Opposite if high.
TSH: best measure to determine thyroid function.
Thyroglobulin: nonspecific test that is elevated when the
thyroid gland is inflamed or enlarged.

Transferrin (serum)
188 - 341 mg/dL 1.88 - 3.41 g/L

Triglycerides (serum NML: 30-149 mg/dL

)
Normal: < 150 mg/dL.
<2.26 mmol/L (<200
Borderline-high:
mg/dL)
150 to 199 mg/dL
High: 200 to 499 mg/dL
Very High: >499 mg/dL

Urea Nitrogen blood 2.5 - 10.7 mmol urea

(BUN)(serum) 7 - 30 mg/dL /L
Alternative source: 8-25 mg/dL Alternative source:
2.9-8.9 mmol/L

Uric acid (serum) Male: 238 - 506

Male: 4.0 - 8.5 mg/dL mol/L
Female: 2.5 - 7.5 mg/dL Female: 149 - 446
mol/L

Uric acid (urine)

250 - 750 mg/day 1.2 - 4.5 mmol/day

Urinalysis (complete Appearance: clear, yellow.

) (urine) Specific gravity: 1.001 - 1.035
pH: 4.6 - 8.0
Protein: negative
Glucose: negative
Ketones: negative
Bilirubin: negative
Occult blood: negative
WBC esterase: negative
Nitrite: negative
WBC: </= 5 high-power field
RBC: </= 3 high-power field
Renal epithelial cells: </= 3
/high-power field
 Squamous epithelial cells:
None or few/high-power field
Casts: none
Bacteria: none
Yeast: none

Vanillylmandelic aci
d (VMA) (urine) 10 mg/day <50 mol/day

Vitamin A (serum)
30 - 95 g/dL 1.05 - 3.32 mol/L

Vitamin B6 (plasma)
5 - 24 ng/mL 30 - 144 nmol/L

Vitamin B12 (serum) 200 - 800 pg/mL

Alt: 210-911 pg/mL

Folate, Serum >150 - 590 pmol/L
0 - 3.3 ng/mL: Deficient
3.4 - 5.3 ng/mL: Indeterminate
5.4 - 40.0 ng/mL: Normal

Vitamin C (plasma)
0.2 - 2.0 mg/dL 11 - 114 mol/L

Vitamin D (1,25-
Dihydroxy-vitamin
24 - 65 pg/mL 58 - 156 pmol/L
D)(serum)

25-Hydroxyvitamin
D(serum) 10 - 55 ng/mL 25 - 137 nmol/L

Vitamin E (serum)
5 - 20 g/mL 12 - 46 mol/L

WBC count (blood)

3.8 - 10.8 x 103/L 3.8 - 10.8 x 109/L

WBC Absolute neutrophils: 1500 - 7800

differential (blood) cells/L
 Absolute eosinophils: 50 - 1500
cells/L

Absolute basophils: 0 - 200 cells/L

Absolute lymphocytes: 850 - 4100

cells/L

Absolute monocytes: 200 - 1100

cells/L

Zinc (plasma)
60 - 130 g/dL 9.2 - 19.9 mol/L