Journal of Thermal Stresses

ISSN: 0149-5739 (Print) 1521-074X (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uths20

THERMAL BENDING ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE

LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS USING A
REFINED FIRST-ORDER THEORY

A. M. Zenkour, M. E. Fares

To cite this article: A. M. Zenkour, M. E. Fares (2000) THERMAL BENDING ANALYSIS OF

COMPOSITE LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS USING A REFINED FIRST-ORDER THEORY, Journal
of Thermal Stresses, 23:5, 505-526, DOI: 10.1080/014957300403969

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014957300403969

Published online: 30 Nov 2010.

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 Journal of Therm al Stresse s, 23:505] 526, 2000
Copyright Q 2000 Taylor & Francis
0149-5739 r 00 $12.00 q .00

THERMAL BENDING ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE

LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS USING A
REFINED FIRST-ORDER THEORY

A. M. Zenkour
Departm ent of Mathem atics
Faculty of Education
Kafr El-Sheikh
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Egypt
M. E. Fares
Departm ent of Mathem atics
Faculty of Science
Mansoura Univ ersity
Egypt

A refined single-layer therm oelastic m odel of com posite lam inated cylindrical shells is
presented using a m ixed v ariational approach. The present m odel accounts for Reiss-
ner] Mindlins displacem ent assumptions and continuous stress distributions through
the thickness. Therefore the present first-order shell theory reco v ers the actual interlami-
nar stress state without losing its sim plicity and leads to a consistency with the elasticity
theory. Furthermore, the stresses are consistent with surface conditions. So, the rationale
for the shear correction factors used in other first-order theories are ob viated. Go v erning
equations including therm om echanical effects are deduced with the required boundary
conditions. A wide variety of numerical results for cross-ply symm etric and antisym m et-
ric lam inated circular cylindrical shells are presented for v arious boundary conditions. A
bending analysis is m ade to illustrate the influences of orthotropy, the length-to-radius
ratio, the radius-to-thickness ratio, the num ber of layers, and boundary conditions on
the therm al responses.

Temperature changes frequently represent a significant factor of failure of compos-

ite structure s subjected to severe environmental loads. The thermal stresses accom-
panying the nonuniform, unsteady he ating cause thermal fatigue and considerable
plastic strains leading to complete or progressive destruction of the composite
structures. Furthermore , the repe ated action of thermal stresses in some composite
laminated structures leads to debonding of layers, longitudinal cracks, and a
thermal buckling in composite thin-walled members. For instance , in fiber-rein-
forced composites, this is due to the fact that the thermal expansion coefficients in
the direction of fibers are usually much smaller (even negative ) than those in the

Received 16 April 1999; accepted 22 September 1999.

Address correspondence to Dr. M. E. Fares, Department of Mathematics, Mansoura University,
Mansoura, 35516 , Egypt.

505
 506 A. M. ZENKOUR AND M. E. FARES

transverse direction, resulting in high normal stresses in the layers and high shear
stresses at the interfaces between layers with different fiber orientations. There-
fore , the thermal stresses contribute significantly in determining the material life.
Various first- and higher order theories, originally developed for the analysis of
isothermal problems of laminated plates and shells, have been extended to include
thermoelastic effects w 1 ] 4 x . Applications of these theories to various thermoelastic-
ity problems concerning the structural behavior of composite plates and shells have
received greater attention in recent years w5 ] 8 x. As it is known, few of these
problems are solved exactly (see , e.g., w 9 ] 13 x ). Savoia and Reddy w 14x presented
exact solutions for problems of cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply laminated
rectangular plates subjected to polynomial and exponential temperature distribu-
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tions through the thickness. For the numerical treatment, Reddy and Hsu w 15 x and
Chandrashekhar a and Tenneti w 16x developed a shear flexible finite element model
for the static and dynamic thermoelastic structural responses of composite lami-
nated plates and shells.
In previous shear deformation plate and shell theories, the displacements were
assumed to be continuous functions over the thickness and the laminate was
characterized as an equivalent, homogeneous layer. Therefore , the number of
governing equations is not dependent on the number of layers comprising a
laminate. Also, these single-layer models predict discontinuous stress distributions
at the layer interfaces due to dissimilar properties of neighboring layers. This leads
to an inconsistency with the elasticity theory. Then these models cannot be used to
predict accurate stress distributions through the laminate thickness w17 ] 20 x . More-
over, in the case of thermal loadings, these models have to be used even more
carefully. As a result, a postprocessing procedure is required to recover the actual
interlaminar stress state. Babuska et al. w 21x presented a hierarchic modeling
approach that can be expanded depending on the goals of computation and regions
of interest.
Some of these theories remain in a very complex form, making their use
difficult for predicting the structural response parameters of composite plates and
shells. A great de al of effort has been expended to keep the balance between an
accurate representation and simplicity of formulation. In that sense , the first-order
shear deform ation theory (FSDT) is still the most attractive approach due to its
simplicity and low computational cost. It is well recognized that while FSDT with a
proper shear correction factor is adequate for global structural behavior w 22x , it is
inadequate for the accurate prediction of local response parameters, such as the
interlaminar stress distributions.
The objective of this work is to present a refined equivalent single-layer,
first-order cylindrical shell theory using a modified version of Reissners mixed
variational formula including thermoelastic effects w23 x. In this mixed variational
formula the stress and strain fields are assumed to be independent. This enables us
to retain the basic Reissner ] Mindlins displacement assumptions of FSDT and
consider continuous stress distributions through the shell thickness. Moreover,
these stresses are consistent with the surface conditions w 23 ] 25 x. Therefore , this
first-order shell theory does not need any shear correction factor used in other
first-order theories w 26 ] 28 x. The advantage of the present shell model is that it
 COMPOSITE LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS 507

recovers the interlaminar stress state without losing its simplicity. So, it leads to a
consistency with the elasticity theory. The governing equations of composite
laminated cylindrical shells subjected to thermomechanical loadings are deduced
with the required boundary conditions. Numerical results of symmetric and anti-
symmetric cross-ply axisymmetric deformable shells are presented. The present
model has been assessed by comparisons with results obtained based on a higher
order shell theory w29 x. The influences of orthotropy, the length-to-radiu s ratio, the
radius-to-thicknes s ratio, the number of layers, and boundary conditions on the
thermal responses are investigated.

THEORETICAL FORMULATION
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Consider a fiber-reinforced laminated composite circular cylindrical shell of finite

length L and total wall thickness h and composed of a finite number, N , of
uniform-thickness orthotropi c layers. The cylindrical coordinates ( r, u , z ) are cho-
sen such that z and r, respectively, are the axial and radial coordinates. Let the
shell undergo bending due to internal and external distributed loads p and q ,
respectively. Moreover, the shell is subjected to a thermal field T .
Instead of the radial coordinate r, we introduce the thickness coordinate j
defined by the relations

rs R 1 q( ) j
R
y
h
2
Fj F
h
2
Rs
a qb
2
(1 )

where R , a, and b are the radii of the middle , inner, and outer curved surfaces,
respectively.
For the present formulation , a modified version w23 x of Reissners mixed
variational formula including thermomechanical effects is used. For a composite
laminated body with mixed boundary conditions such that a surface force , Fi U is
prescribed over a part S s of the surface S of the body and a displacement u iU is
prescribed over the remainder surface S u ( S s S s q S u ) , the mixed variational
formula w 23x may be written in the form

Js
1
t2
w
Ht H H HV
1
2
r u i u i q R ( s ij ) y s ije ij y
(
xi )
( g i T ) y Fi u i dV

(2 )

q H HS ( F
s
i
U
q g i Tn j d ij
)u i d s q H HS n ( s
u
j ij ui 5
y s i j u iU ) d s d t

where s i j s s i j q g i d i j T , s i j are the thermal stresses, r s r (k ) is the material den-

sity of the k th layer, g i are the thermal stress coefficients, Fi is the body force , and
n j is a unit vector along the outward normal to the surface S. The superposed dot
denotes differentiation with respect to time. The complementary energy density
 508 A. M. ZENKOUR AND M. E. FARES

R ( s i j ) may be written as w 30x

R ( s i j ) s a (i kjm) n s i j s m n (3 )

where a (k )
i jm n are the elastic constants of the k th layer that depend on the material
properties and orientation angle u k of the layer.
The present formulation accounts for the following Reissner ] Mindlins dis-
placement assumptions :

u1 s u z ( z , u , j , t ) s u ( z , u , t ) q j f ( z , u , t )

( ) j
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u 2 s uu ( z , u , j , t ) s v ( z , u , t ) 1 q qj c ( z , u ,t) (4 )
R

u3 s ur( z , u , j ,t ) s w( z , u ,t )

where ( u 1 , u 2 , u 3 ) are the displacements along the ( z , u , j ) coordinates; ( u , v ,w )

are the displacements of a point on the mid-surface; and c and w are the rotations
of normals to the mid-surface with respect to z and u axes, respectively. All of the
generalized displacements ( u , v ,w , c , w ) are functions of the axial and circumfer-
ential coordinates.
Substituting Eq. (4 ) into the strain-displacement relations referred to the
cylindrical coordinate system, we obtain

uz u w
e s s qj
11
z z z
ur uz w
e s q s qw
13
z r z
ur
e s s0
33
r

1 uz uu u w v
( )( )
y1
j
e 12 s
r u
q
z
s
1
R
1q( ) R u
qj
u
q
z
qj
z
c q
v
R
(5 )

uu v
( ) ( )
y1
j
e 22 s
1
r u
q ur s
1
R ( ) 1q
R
wq
u
qj
u
c q
v
R

ur uu w
( ) ( )
y1
j
e 23 s
1
r u
yuu q
r( ) s
1
R
1q
R u
yv yj c q
v
R
qc q
v
R

where e 11 s z z , e 22 s e u u ,e 33 s e rr , e 12 s 2 e u z ,e 13 s 2 e rz , and e 23 s 2 e ru .
In the mixed variational formulation, both stresses and displacements are
taken to be arbitrary. Then, the nonvanishing thermomechanical stresses, which
 COMPOSITE LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS 509

are consistent with the given surface conditions , may be assumed in the form

( )
y1
N 11 12 M 11 j
s 11 s q j 1q
h h3 R

N 22 12 M 22
s 22 s q j
h h3

( )( ) ( )( )
3 3
p j j q j j
s 33 s y 2 y3 q y 2 q3 y
4 hr2 hr2 4 h r2 h r2
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( )( )
2 y1
3 N 12 30 M 12 j j
s s q j 1y 1q (6 )
12
2h h3 hr2 R

( )( )
2 y1
3Q 13 j j
s 13 s 1y 1q
2h hr2 R

( )
2
3Q 23 j
s s 1y
23
2h h r2

where ( N 11 , N 22 , N 12 ) are the inplane tangential and axial forces, ( Q 13 ,Q 23 ) are

shearing forces, ( M 11 , M 22 , M 12 ) are bending moments,

w ( ) 5 j
N
j
v Q 13 , Q 23 4 s p H k
s 13 1q
R
,s 23 dj
ks1 j ky1

w ( ) ( )5 j j
N
j
v N 11 , N 22 , N 12 4 s p H k
s 11 1q
R
,s 22 ,s 12 1q
R
dj (7 )
ks1 j ky1

w ( ) ( )5 j j
N
j
v M 11 , M 22 , M 12 4 s p H k
j s 11 1q
R
,s 22 ,s 12 1q
R
dj
ks1 j ky1

GOVERNING EQUATIONS

The mixed variational formula (2) is used to derive the equilibrium and constitutive
equations of the laminated circular cylindrical shell. This formula will be applied to
the present problem in the absence ] of the body forces and prescribed displace-
ments. Substituting Eqs. (4 ) ] (6) into the functional (2 ) , we can easily get the
variation of this functional. In this case , the extremum condition gives the following
 510 A. M. ZENKOUR AND M. E. FARES

system of dynamic equations:

N 11 c1 N 12 c3 M 12
d u: I 1 u q I 2 w s q q (8)
z R u R2 u
1
d v: I 1 v q I 2 c s
R u ( N 22 q
M 22
R ) ( q
z
N 12 q
M 12
R ) (9)

Q 13 1 Q 23 N 22 h
d w: I 1w s q y y ( p q q) q ( p y q) (10)
z R u R 2R
M 12 1 M 22
I 2 v q I 3 c s
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d c : q y Q 23 (11)
z R u
M 11 N 12 c 3 M 12
d w : I 2 u q I 3 w s q c2 y y Q 13 (12)
z u R u
where

x ( ) ( )5 ()
2 2
R R 3 R 2R qh R
c1 s 6 q 1 y4 ln c2 s 1 y c1 c 3 s 20 c2
h h 2 h 2R yh h

Ij s
hr2
H y h r 2r ( ) j
(k ) jy1
1q
j
R
dj Ij s I j q
1
R
Ij q 1

The extremum condition also gives the following constitutive equations:

I u K
q f1
z
IN 11K y1
v

N 22
s
A 11 A 12
A 22
B11
B12
B 12
B 22

1
R ( ) wq
u
q f2
(13)
M 11 D 11 D 12 w
q g1
M 22 D 22 z
J L symm
1 w
q g2
R u
J L
I v c1 u w K

q q c2
x 5
y1
N 12 A 66 B66 R u z u
s (14)
1 u w
M 12 B66 D 66

J z
c q ( ) (
v
R
q
c3
R R u
y
u )L
I w K

qw
x 5
y1
Q 13 A 55 0 z
s (15)
Q 23 0 A 44 1 w
qc
R u
J L
 COMPOSITE LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS 511

The following definitions are used in the preceding equations:

h

5( ) j
N
v A i j , Bi j , Di j 4 s p
ks1 j
H
j k

k y1
a (k
ij
)
x 1
h2
,
12
h4
j ,
144
h6
j 2
1q
R
dj

Iy1 if is js 1
i , j s 1 ,2; h s 0 if i/ j
is js 2
1
J if

2 2

5 (r ) ( )
y1
N j j
v A 66 , B66 , D 66 4 s p H
j k (k )
a 66 x 9
,
45
j ,
900
j 2
1y 1q dj
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ks1 j k y1
4 h2 h4 h6 h 2 R

2 2

x ( ) ( )5 ( )
N y1
9 j j j j
v A 44 , A 55 4 s
4h2
p H k (k )
a 44 1q
R
(k )
, a 55 1q
R
1y
hr2
dj
ks1 j ky1

T
1) ( q 1)
3 j p q A 3 j q y Nj
f j s A (y and gj s B 3(yj 1) p q B 3( q
j
1)
q y M jT j s 1 ,2

( ) ( )( )
3 3 yj

5 j j j
N a 3(kj )
A (3l j) , B 3( l j ) s p
ks1 j
H
j k

ky1
4 x 1 12
,
h h3
j 2 q 3l
hr2
yl
hr2
1q
R
dj

( )( ) x
3y j
j
5
N 3 1 12
j
v Nj , M jT
T
4s p H k
p ij g i
a (k )
1q
R
,
h h3
j T dj
ks1 j ky1 is 1

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

In addition to the governing equations (8) ] (16) , the mixed variational formula
indicates that the essential and the natural boundary conditions of the problem are
given in Table 1 where ( n 1 , n 2 ) are the direction cosines of the outward unit vector
normal to the midsurface of the shell. Then, the boundary conditions for simply

Table 1
Essential Natural
c1 c3
u N11 n 1 q ( N 12 q M1 2 ) n 2
R R2
M 12 1 M 22
v ( N 12 q ) n1 q ( N 22 q )n2
R R R
1
w Q 13 n 1 q Q23 n 2
R
1
c M 12 n 1 q M 22 n 2
R
c3
w M 11 n 1 q ( c 2 N1 2 y M 12 ) n 2
R
 512 A. M. ZENKOUR AND M. E. FARES

supporte d ( S ) , clamped (C ) , and free ( F ) edges perpendicular to the z-axis are

give n by

S: w s v s c s N 11 s M 11 s 0
C: usvswsc sw s0
F: N 11 s N 12 s M 11 s M 12 s Q 13 s 0

SOLUTION PROCEDURE
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To validate the present single-laye r shell model, we consider, for simplicity, the
bending problem of axially symmetric laminated whole circular cylindrical shells.
The shell is subjected to a thermal field varying linearly through the thickness, that
is,

j
T ( z ,j ) s T0 ( z) q T1 ( z ) (16)
h

In this case , the following representation for the displacement quantitie s is appro-
priate in the analysis of the bending problem ( v s c s 0) :

IUm K
w
IuK x 9 (m z) m

s Wm x ( m m z) (17)
F m x 9 ( m m z)
Jw L J L
where Um ,Wm , and F m are arbitrary parameters. The function x ( m m z ) can be
constructe d for any arbitrary combinations of edge conditions. The different forms
of the function x ( m m z ) and the corresponding values of m m for different edge
conditions at z s 0, L are given by w31 x:

SS : x (m m z ) s sin m m z m m s mp r L
CC : x (m m z ) s sin m m z y sinh m m z yh m
(cos m m z y cosh m m z)
h s (sin m m L y sinh m m L ) r (cos m m L y cosh m m L )
m m m s ( m q 0.5) p r L
CS : x ( m m z ) s sin m m z y sinh m m z y h m (cos m m z y cosh m m z)
h m s (sin m m L q sinh m m L ) r (cos m m L q cosh m m L ) m m s ( m q 0.25) p r L
CF : x (m m z ) s sin m m z y sinh m m z yh m (cos m m z y cosh m m z)
h s (sin m m L q sinh m m L ) r (cos m
m m L q cosh m m L )
m 1 s 1.875 r L m 2 s 4.694 r L m 3 s 7.855 r L
m 4 s 10.996 r L m m s ( m y 0.5) p r L for m G 5
 COMPOSITE LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS 513

The solution will be constructed for symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply lami-
nated shells (u k s 0 or 90) subjected to the following sinusoidal distributed loads:

IpK Ip 0mK
T
q q0m mp
s sin z (18)
0 T 0m L
T T 1m
J 1L J L
where p 0 and q 0 represent the intensity of the internal and external loads at the
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center of the shell, respectively.

Substituting Eq. (17) and (18) , with the aid of Eqs. (13) ] (15) , into the
governing equations (8) ] (12) and integrating on the midsurface , we get a set of
three algebraic equations in terms of the unknown parameters Um ,Wm , and F m .
These equations can be expressed in matrix form as

w C xv D 4 s v F 4 (19)

where v D 4 and v F 4 denote the columns

v D 4T s v Um ,Wm ,F m
4
(20)

v F 4T s v F1m , F2m , F3m 4

For the various boundary conditions, the elements of matrix w C x and force vector
v F 4 are defined in the appendix.
Thus, for a given x ( m m z ) , Fim ( m s 1) , and cross-ply construction, one needs
to solve the 3 = 3 matrix equation (19) for the vector of amplitude s of the
generalized displacements.

NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The numerical applications are done for symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply
whole circular cylindrical shells. It is assumed that the thickness and the material
properties for all laminae are the same. The results were produced for a typical
graphite r epoxy material with moduli in 10 6 psi and Poisssons ratios listed below,
where subscript 1 is the axial z-direction, 2 the circumferential u -direction, and 3
the radial r-direction: E 2 s E 3 s 1, E 1 s 25,G 23 s 0.2 ,G 12 s 0.5, and v 12 s v 31 s v 32
s 0.25.
 514 A. M. ZENKOUR AND M. E. FARES

For orthotropi c laminates, the thermal stress coefficients g i are related to

thermal expansion coefficients a i by

Ig 1K a11 a12 a13
y1
Ia 1K
g 2 s a12 a 22 a 23 a 2
g a13 a 23 a 33 a
J L 3 k J L 3

For the present problem, the compliances a i j may be expressed in terms of the
engineering orthotropi c characteristics as

1 1 v 12
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a11 s a 22 s a12 s y
E2 E2 E1

v 31 v 32 1
a13 s y a 23 s y a55 s
E3 E3 G 13

The following nondimensional response characteristics are used throughout

the tables and figures:

( )
w sw j ,
L
2 a
h
1T 1 R
2
s 11 ss 11 ( ) j ,
L
2 a
h
1T 1 E 2 R
s 13 s
s
a
13 ( j ,0)
1T 1 E 2

Figures 1 and 2 contain the nondimensionalized transverse center deflection w

of simply supporte d symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply heated shells with their
counterparts obtaine d based on a higher order shear deform ation theory (HST) w31 x.
Note that both results are in good agreement for all values of radius-to-thicknes s
ratio and various lamination schemes.

Figure 1. Effect of the radius-to-thick-

ness ratio ( R r h ) on w of simply sup-
ported symmetric shells (T 0 s T 1 , a 2 s
3 a 1 ).
 COMPOSITE LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS 515
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Figure 2. Effect of the radius-to-thick-

ness ratio ( R r h ) on w of simply sup-
ported antisymmetric shells (T 0 s T 1 ,
L r R s 5, a 2 s 3 a 1 ).

Table 2 presents nondimensionalized transverse center deflection w of 2- , 3- ,

and 10-laye r cross-ply cylindrical shells subjected to a pure thermal load for various
boundary conditions, length-to-radiu s ratio, and radius-to-thicknes s ratio. Tables 3
and 4 include similar results for symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply cylindrical
shells subjected to combined thermomechanical loadings. The results indicate that
the symmetric and antisymmetric cylindrical shells have different thermal behavior
with respect to the boundary conditions. Moreover, the shell dimensions effects are
seen to be most influential in the SS ,CS , and CC cases when compared with the
CF case. These effects are more pronounce d in shells subjected to thermomechani-
cal loadings, especially, for moderately thick shells in which the thermal responses
increase with increasing shear deformation effects. Figure 3 confirms these obser-
vations for symmetric 3-laye r cylindrical shells. Figure 4 contains similar results
when T 0 s 0. In this case , the transverse deflection for the CF case is maximum
because the external and internal layers have different sign temperatures. So, if the
outer layers expand, the internal ones will contract. As a result, the stretching and
contracting processes tend automaticall y to a bending. This process is more obvious
in the CF case than the other boundary conditions cases. This deformation
behavior is similar to the behavior due to mechanical loads w29 x.
Plots transverse center deflection w as a function of the orthotropy ratio
E 1 r E 2 are shown in Figures 5 and 6 for 2- and 3-layer cylindrical shells, respec-
tively. It is evident for the figures that the orthotropy ratio has weak effects on the
thermal bending process. This me ans that the thermal bending responses are
virtually independent of the mechanical properties of the shell.
The effects of temperature changes and the expansion coefficient ratio a 2 r a 1
on bending responses can be studied with the help of numerical results for the
transverse deflections displayed in Figures 7 and 8. These figures reveal that the
variation of w is very sensitive to the temperature changes and so that the thermal
 Downloaded by [The National Library - Kolkata] at 22:56 14 January 2016

Table 2 The center deflection ( w ) of cross-ply circular cylindrical shells for various boundary conditions

516
( T0 s T1 , a 2 s 3 a 1 )

08 r 908 08 r 908 r 08 08 r 908 r . . . 10 layers

Rrh L rR SS CS CF CC SS CS CF CC SS CS CF CC

2 1.0 1.6171 1.4654 0.6107 1.5383 0.6903 0.5885 0.2780 0.6069 0.9466 0.7800 0.4130 0.7770
1.5 1.9135 1.8109 0.6480 1.9325 1.0378 0.9123 0.3677 0.9498 1.3268 1.1703 0.4741 1.1862
3.0 2.0653 2.0439 0.6623 2.2439 1.4261 1.3413 0.4449 1.4296 1.5613 1.5256 0.4995 1.6462
4 1.0 0.8703 0.7883 0.3042 0.8036 0.4081 0.3254 0.1597 0.3211 0.6105 0.4945 0.2337 0.4622
1.5 0.9547 0.9215 0.3112 0.9826 0.6064 0.5121 0.2048 0.5113 0.7474 0.6872 0.2473 0.6928
3.0 0.9811 0.9774 0.3135 1.0797 0.7540 0.7214 0.2323 0.7646 0.7914 0.7855 0.2521 0.8612
10 1.0 0.3700 0.3568 0.1202 0.3760 0.2356 0.1798 0.0818 0.1615 0.3005 0.2755 0.0989 0.2705
1.5 0.3775 0.3742 0.1209 0.4100 0.2930 0.2608 0.0910 0.2546 0.3140 0.3078 0.1003 0.3302
3.0 0.3791 0.3787 0.1211 0.4201 0.3051 0.3021 0.0951 0.3294 0.3159 0.3157 0.1008 0.3498
20 1.0 0.1862 0.1842 0.0597 0.2009 0.1436 0.1222 0.0450 0.1116 0.1563 0.1523 0.0500 0.1616
1.5 0.1871 0.1866 0.0598 0.2064 0.1528 0.1464 0.0470 0.1519 0.1576 0.1569 0.0502 0.1725
3.0 0.1872 0.1871 0.0598 0.2078 0.1517 0.1516 0.0479 0.1676 0.1575 0.1576 0.0503 0.1750
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Table 3 The nondimensional center deflection ( w ) * of ( 08 r 908 r 08 ) cross-ply circular cylindrical shells subjected to
combined thermomechanical loadings for various boundary conditions ( q0 s 0, a 2 s 3a 1 )

T 0 s T 1 s 10, p 0 s 100 T 0 s T 1 s 100, p 0 s 100 T 0 s T 1 s 100, p 0 s 300

R rh L rR SS CS CF CC SS CS CF CC SS CS CF CC

2 1.0 6.9457 5.9170 2.8214 6.1010 12.3169 8.2540 y0.0852 7.3337 23.7534 18.4436 5.5829 18.0753
1.5 10.4478 9.1741 3.7244 9.5478 17.8590 12.6332 0.8170 11.4281 35.1968 28.4651 8.1119 28.2481
3.0 14.3825 13.4965 4.4914 14.3741 21.4075 17.5742 2.9479 16.8621 45.9155 41.0691 11.3496 42.2535
4 1.0 2.7046 2.0805 0.8878 2.0079 7.6632 4.3734 y1.1353 3.2711 11.2644 7.4250 0.7255 6.3921
1.5 3.9537 3.2532 1.1862 3.1903 9.7570 6.3682 y0.2765 5.0360 15.2909 11.2274 1.9789 10.0249
3.0 4.7560 4.5048 1.3935 4.7353 8.0963 7.0189 0.8896 6.6390 15.4322 14.0829 3.3126 14.1996
10 1.0 0.9830 0.7060 0.2107 0.5959 4.0748 2.5040 y0.4281 1.7160 4.9511 3.1968 y0.0426 2.3608
1.5 1.1007 0.9537 0.2634 0.9024 3.3355 2.6341 y0.0608 2.1778 4.5040 3.6839 0.3489 3.2183
3.0 1.0240 1.0079 0.2944 1.0922 1.7318 1.6700 0.2065 1.7482 3.0281 2.9490 0.6227 3.1427
20 1.0 0.4185 0.3455 0.0785 0.3030 1.7341 1.3522 y0.1069 1.0806 2.0208 1.5977 y0.0030 1.3079
1.5 0.3838 0.3638 0.0913 0.3720 1.0822 0.9963 0.0055 0.9700 1.4046 1.3046 0.1113 1.2905
3.0 0.3366 0.3353 0.0988 0.3697 0.5221 0.5174 0.0765 0.5654 0.8549 0.8484 0.1827 0.9305
2
*w s w r w ( p 0 R 4 r h 3 E 2 ) q ( a 1T 1 R r h )x

517
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518
Table 4 The nondimensional center deflection ( w ) of ( 08 r 908 r 08 r 908 ) cross-ply circular cylindrical shells subjected to
combined thermomechanical loadings for various boundary conditions ( q0 s 0, a 2 s 3 a 1 )

T 0 s T 1 s 10, p 0 s 100 T 0 s T 1 s 100, p 0 s 100 T 0 s T 1 s 100, p 0 s 300

Rrh L rR SS CS CF CC SS CS CF CC SS CS CF CC

2 1.0 7.8310 6.5503 3.3317 6.5899 22.0861 17.2841 6.8215 16.6385 32.7208 26.4110 11.8523 25.9672
1.5 10.7234 9.5462 3.7951 9.7665 28.8827 24.7045 8.3461 24.4832 43.7146 38.1018 13.9629 38.3435
3.0 12.5080 12.2055 3.9901 13.1888 31.3176 30.2751 9.2804 32.3823 49.0870 47.6637 15.0859 51.2337
4 1.0 3.4246 2.7966 1.2294 2.6319 12.0727 9.4834 3.3133 8.5843 15.8373 12.6209 4.8416 11.5955
1.5 4.0664 3.7484 1.3054 3.7992 13.3587 12.1256 3.7150 12.0694 17.9996 16.4332 5.3033 16.4724
3.0 4.2368 4.1945 1.3359 4.5964 13.0201 12.8472 3.9310 14.0333 18.0126 17.7936 5.5339 19.4595
10 1.0 1.0812 0.9950 0.3344 0.9844 4.6987 4.2925 1.2729 4.2073 5.4892 5.0231 1.5406 4.9348
1.5 1.1014 1.0779 0.3414 1.1584 4.5718 4.4586 1.3287 4.7763 5.4055 5.2753 1.5982 5.6555
3.0 1.0923 1.0882 0.3448 1.2045 4.3904 4.3636 1.3595 4.8238 5.2362 5.2063 1.6294 5.7567
20 1.0 0.4453 0.4336 0.1362 0.4616 2.1699 2.1065 0.6208 2.2372 2.3809 2.3122 0.6892 2.4564
1.5 0.4417 0.4383 0.1377 0.4819 2.1004 2.0793 0.6336 2.2828 2.3146 2.2919 0.7021 2.5166
3.0 0.4371 0.4359 0.1384 0.4833 2.0465 2.0357 0.6409 2.2545 2.2615 2.2501 0.7095 2.4923
 COMPOSITE LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS 519
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Figure 3. Effect of the radius-to-thick-

ness ratio ( R r h ) on w of a (08 r 90 8 r 08 )
circular cylindrical shell subjected to
various boundary conditions (T 0 s T 1 ,
L r R s 1, a 2 s 3 a 1 ).

deflections are linearly proportional to the ratio a 2 r a 1 . The CF case exhibits

lower sensitivity with respect to temperature changes when compared with the
other cases of boundary conditions w 32x . This agrees with the fact that the CF shell
under thermal loading has more tendency toward stretching than bending process.
Furthermore , the increase in the number of layers has a damping effect on the
thermal bending process. This indicates that coupling effect between bending and
extension decreases and the shell becomes less flexible.
Figure 9 presents the axial thermal stress ( s 11 ) as a function of the radius-to-
thickness ratio, while Figures 10 presents s 11 as a function of the length-to-radiu s
ratio for different boundary conditions. It is clear that the axial stress increases
with an increasing radius-to-thicknes s ratio for various boundary conditions except

Figure 4. Effect of the radius-to-thick-

ness ratio ( R r h ) on w* ( s wR 2 r h 2 ) of
a (08 r 90 8 r 08 ) circular cylindrical shell
subjected to various boundary condi-
tions (T 0 s 0, L r R s 1, a 2 s 3 a 1 ).
 520 A. M. ZENKOUR AND M. E. FARES
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Figure 5. Effect of orthotropy ratio

( E 1 r E 2 ) on the center deflection ( w )
of a (08 r 908 ) circular cylindrical shell
for various boundary conditions (T 0 s
T 1 , L r R s 1.5, a 2 s 3 a 3 ).

the SS case (see Figure 9 ). In addition, it decreases with an increasing length-to-

radius ratio except for the CF case (see Figure 10 ).
Continuous distributions of axial stress s 11 and shear stress s 13 through the
shell thickness are presented in Figures 11 and 12. It is well known that the
transverse shear stress distributions predicted by the first-order theories are
constant through the thickness, whereas the figures show that the present trans-
verse shear stress distributions are quadratic in each lamina. Therefore , the
present results agree with the results predicted by the higher order theories and
the three-dimensional elasticity solutions (see w 33x ).

Figure 6. Effect of the orthotropy

ratio ( E1 r E 2 ) on the center deflec-
tion w of a (08 r 90 8 r 08 ) circular
cylindrical shell for various boundary
conditions (T 0 s T 1 , L r R s 1.5, a 2
s 3 a 3 ).
 COMPOSITE LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS 521
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Figure 7. Effect of boundary conditions

on the center deflection w r h of sym-
metric circular cylindrical shells (T 0 s
T 1 , L r R s 1, R r h s 10, a 2 s 3 a 1 ).

CONCLUSION

A refined equivalent single-laye r, first-order cylindrical shell theory using a modi-

fied version of Reissners mixed variational formula including thermoelastic effects
is presented. The present shell model recovers the actual interlaminar stress state
without losing its simplicity and leads to a consistency with the elasticity theory.
The present shell model does not require any shear correction factors used in
other first-order theories. The influences of orthotropy, the length-to-radiu s ratio,

Figure 8. Effect of the thermal expan-

sion coefficients ratio ( a 2 r a 1 ) on u of
antisymmetric circular cylindrical shells
subjected to various boundary condi-
tions (T 0 s T 1 , L r R s 2 ).
 522 A. M. ZENKOUR AND M. E. FARES
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Figure 9. Effect of the radius-to-thick-

ness ratio ( R r h ) on the axial stress
( s 11 ) of a (08 r 90 8 r 08 ) circular cylin-
drical shell subjected to various
boundary conditions (T 0 s T 1 , L r R s
1, a 2 s 3 a 1 ).

Figure 10. Effect of the length-to-

radius ratio ( L r R ) on the axial stress
( s 11 ) of a (08 r 908 ) shell subjected to
various boundary conditions (T 0 s T 1 ,
R r h s 10, a 2 s 3 a 1 ).
 COMPOSITE LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS 523
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Figure 11. Plots of the axial stress

( s 11 ) through the thickness of a
(08 r 90 8 r 08 ) simply supported shell (T 0
s T 1 , R r h s 10, a 2 s 3 a 1 ).

Figure 12. Plots of the shear stress

( s 13 ) through the thickness of a
(08 r 908 ) shell subjected to various
boundary conditions (T 0 s T 1 , L r R s
1, R r h s 10, a 2 s 3 a 1 ).

the radius-to-thicknes s ratio, the number of layers, and the boundary conditions on
the thermal responses are investigated.

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 524 A. M. ZENKOUR AND M. E. FARES

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APPENDIX
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The elements C i j s C ji of matrix w C x are give n by

A U22
( )
U U
A 12 B 12
C 11 s C 1 q A U55C 2 m 2
m C 12 s C 4 m m C 13 s m m A U55C 2 q C 4
R2 R R
U
C 22 s A 11C 3 m 2
m
U
C 23 s B 11 C 3 m 2
m C 33 s A U55C 2
U
q D 11C 3 m 2
m

where

U U U U y1
A 11 A 12 0 B 11 B12 A 11 A 12 0 B11 B 12
A U22 0 U
B 21 U
B 22 A 33 0 B12 B 22
A U55 0 0 s A 55 0 0
U U
D 11 D 12 D 11 D 12
U
symm D 22 symm D 22

and

L L
C 1 s H0 wx (m m
2
z )x d z C 2 s H0 wx 9 (m m
2
z )x d z

L L
C 3 s H0 wx 0 (m m
2
z )x d z C 4 s H0 x (m m z )x 0 ( m m z) dz

The elements of the force vector are given by

F1m s yC 6 m m (A U
11 f 1
U
q A 12 U
f 2 q B 11 U
g1 q B 21 g2 )
U
h A 12 A U22 U
B 12 U
B 22
F2m s C 5 p 0 y q0 y ( p 0 q q0 ) y f1 y f2 y g1 y g2
2R R R R R

F3m s yC 6 m m (B U
11 f 1
U
q B 12 U
f 2 q D 11 U
g1 q D 12 g2 )
 526 A. M. ZENKOUR AND M. E. FARES

where

L L
C 5 s H0 x (m m z ) sin ( p z r L ) d z C 6 s H0 x 0 ( m m z ) sin ( p z r L ) d z

f j s A (3yj 1) p 0 q A (3q1)
j q 0 y Nj
T
gj s B 3(yj 1) p 0 q B 3( q
j
1)
q 0 y M jT

3yj

( )( j j
)w 5
N 1 12
j
w N j , M jT
T
5s p H ks1 j
k

k y1
a j 1q
R
T 0m q
h
T 1m ,
h h3
j dj
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